Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical syst...Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.展开更多
房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此...房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此基础上,以瑞利分布形状参数、右偏修正系数和形状参数变化率为特征,选取敏感子载波构建特征指纹矩阵,最后以实时特征指纹与有人、无人时的历史特征指纹矩阵之间的F范数来判定有无人员状态。此外,为提高实时人员检测的时效性,提出了CSI检测终端与边缘计算网关的协同计算模式。算例分析以典型办公室为试验地,与基于随机森林的判定方法进行对比。结果表明所提方法及其技术架构不仅更适宜实现长时间的高精度检测,还具备低成本的特性。展开更多
长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确...长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确探究LDES的灵活性潜力。为此,该文分析考虑技术经济性的LDES规划特性,面向新型电力系统建立内嵌年度8760h全景时序运行模拟的多时间尺度储能协调优化规划模型。算例基于我国西北某区域实际数据,评估LDES技术经济参数的不同组合与LDES成本效益水平、优化配置结构和对短期储能替代作用的关系。结果表明,LDES的成本效益受储能容量成本和放电效率的影响最大,在低碳转型发展背景下引入LDES最多可以降低电力系统40%左右的总成本。展开更多
文摘Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.
文摘房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此基础上,以瑞利分布形状参数、右偏修正系数和形状参数变化率为特征,选取敏感子载波构建特征指纹矩阵,最后以实时特征指纹与有人、无人时的历史特征指纹矩阵之间的F范数来判定有无人员状态。此外,为提高实时人员检测的时效性,提出了CSI检测终端与边缘计算网关的协同计算模式。算例分析以典型办公室为试验地,与基于随机森林的判定方法进行对比。结果表明所提方法及其技术架构不仅更适宜实现长时间的高精度检测,还具备低成本的特性。
文摘长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确探究LDES的灵活性潜力。为此,该文分析考虑技术经济性的LDES规划特性,面向新型电力系统建立内嵌年度8760h全景时序运行模拟的多时间尺度储能协调优化规划模型。算例基于我国西北某区域实际数据,评估LDES技术经济参数的不同组合与LDES成本效益水平、优化配置结构和对短期储能替代作用的关系。结果表明,LDES的成本效益受储能容量成本和放电效率的影响最大,在低碳转型发展背景下引入LDES最多可以降低电力系统40%左右的总成本。
