Improving the fatigue performance of longitudinal welded joints by low transformation temperature electrodes

For a longitudinal welded joint, the tensile residual stresses are as high as the yield stress of the metal, so that the weld toes are sensitive to fatigue load. In this case a low transformation temperature electrode (LTTE) is one of the most useful methods used to improve the fatigue strength of the longitudinal welded joint, because the tensile residual stress is reduced or changed into compressive stress. Three kinds of longitudinal welded joints were selected to conduct fatigue tests. The tests results show that the fatigue strengths at 2×10 6 cycles of the joints welded with LTTE were improved by 41%, 47% and 59% respectively compared with those of the joints welded with E5015, and the fatigue lives at 162 MPa were improved by 9.9 times, 9.6 times and 46.8 times respectively. Furthermore, the LTTE method is not necessary to add process after welding and so that it can be valuable method to improve the fatigue performance of longitudinal welded joints.

利用低相变点焊条改善焊接接头的疲劳强度

依据奥氏体转变为马氏体时的体积膨胀原理 ,自行研制成功低相变点焊条(LowTransformationTemperatureElectrode ,LTTE)。低相变点焊条的熔敷金属组织为低碳马氏体和残余奥氏体 ,其相变开始点MS 在 140～ 32 5℃之间 ,相应变结束点Tf 在室温附近。在焊接冷却至低温阶段 ,焊缝金属发生马氏体相变 ,相变体积膨胀将会降低焊接热场造成的残余拉伸应力 ,甚至出现残余压缩应力 ,从而提高了焊接接头的疲劳强度。利用所研制的低相变点焊条和普通E5 0 15焊条分别对具有较大焊接残余应力和较大应力集中的纵向角接板焊接接头进行焊接 ,疲劳试验证明 ,前者焊接接头的疲劳强度比后者提高 40 %左右 (在 2× 10 6循环次数下 ) ,疲劳寿命提高 2 5倍。

提高焊接接头疲劳性能的低相变点焊条焊趾熔修技术

在焊接接头疲劳试验的基础上,首次提出了用于提高焊接接头疲劳性能的低相变点焊条焊趾熔修技术。采用低相变点焊条LTTE和普通焊条E5015,分别对非承载十字接头和纵向环绕角焊缝接头实施焊趾熔修,进行疲劳性能对比,并与该两种形式接头的全LTTE焊缝接头疲劳性能进行比较。结果表明:相对于普通焊条E5015接头,低相变点焊条LTTE焊趾熔修技术可以有效地提高焊接接头的疲劳性能,其疲劳强度达到全LTTE焊缝接头的疲劳强度。这一技术降低了LTTE焊条的使用成本,为低相变点焊条在工程实践中的推广应用提供了一条有效途径。

提高焊接接头疲劳强度的低相变点焊条和超声冲击方法

由于焊趾部位存在有应力集中和残余拉伸应力,焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于基体金属,超声冲击和低相变点焊条的应用是近年来发展的提高焊接接头疲劳强度方法。通过对横向对接焊接接头和纵向角接板焊接接头试件的疲劳试验,在2×106循环次数下与普通E5015焊条焊态试件相比,超声冲击处理的两种型式接头的疲劳强度分别提高50％和71％,低相变点焊条焊接的两种型式接头的疲劳强度分别提高11％和41％,相应接头的疲劳寿命也有大幅度的提高。试验结果说明,两种方法都是提高焊接接头疲劳强度的有效方法,其中超声冲击方法的提高程度较高,而由于免去了焊后加工处理工序,低相变点焊条方法更适合于具有高值残余拉伸应力纵向焊缝焊接接头疲劳强度的改善。

低相变点焊条提高纵向焊接接头的疲劳性能

研制一种用于提高焊接接头疲劳强度的新型焊条———低相变点焊条 (LTTE) ,其熔敷金属的马氏体相变温度为 191℃ ,在焊态下 ,LTTE接头纵向焊趾部位获得 -2 5MPa的残余压缩应力。而普通焊条E5 0 15接头相同焊趾部位却为95MPa的残余拉伸应力。利用上述两种焊条分别焊接三种类型的纵向焊接接头 ,并进行疲劳试验。结果证明 ,在 2× 10 6循环次数下 ,LTTE焊接接头的疲劳强度分别比E5 0 15的提高 41%、47%和 5 9% ;在 162MPa的应力幅值下 ,LTTE焊接接头的疲劳寿命分别比E5 0 15的提高 9.9倍、9.6倍和 46.8倍。此外 ,低相变点焊条方法不需增加焊后处理工序 。

利用低相变点焊条熔修方法改善焊接接头疲劳强度的试验

焊趾部位存在应力集中和残余拉伸应力,使得接头处的疲劳强度远低于基体金属。通过对纵向环绕焊接接头和横向角接焊接接头试样的疲劳试验表明,低相变点焊条(low transform ation temperature electrode,LTTE)熔修是提高焊接接头疲劳强度的有效方法。具体结果是,LTTE熔修的上述两种焊接接头在2×106循环周期下其疲劳强度试验结果分别为154.7 MPa和173.9 MPa,而TIG熔修处理的则分别为152.6 MPa和173.3 MPa,前者分别是后者的101.4%和100.3%。这表明,LTTE熔修方法与TIG熔修方法相当,但前者较后者简单得多,因此LTTE熔修具有极大的推广应用价值。

New Developed Welding Electrode for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints

A new welding electrode, low transformation temperature electrode (LTTE), was introduced in this paper. It was described in design principle, mechanics, chemical compositions of their deposited metal and manufacturing methods. It was proved that the best transformation starting temperature from austenite to martensite of the deposited metal of LTTE was at about 191℃ and it was obtained by adding alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo. The microstructure of the weld metal of the LTTE was low carbon martensite and residual austenite. The compressive residual stress was induced around the weld of the LTTE and the -145 MPa in compression could be obtained in middle of weld metal. The fatigue tests showed that the fatigue strength of the longitudinal welded joints welded with the LTTE at 2×106 cycles was improved by 59% compared with that of the same type of welded joints welded with conventional E5015 and the fatigue life was increased by 47 times at 162 MPa. It is a very valuable method to improve the fatigue performance of welded joints.