Low-frequency oscillation of train-network system considering traction power supply mode

The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.

Suppression of low-frequency ultrasound broadband vibration using star-shaped single-phase metamaterials

In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation properties,which is configured by hybrid arc and sharp-angle convergent star-shaped lattices.The effect of the dispersion relation and the bandgap characteristic for the scatterers in star-shaped are simulated and analyzed.The target bandgap width is extended by optimizing the geometry parameters of arc and sharp-angle convergent lattices.The proposed metamaterial configured by optimized hybrid lattices exhibits remarkable broad bandgap characteristics by bandgap complementarity,and the simulation results verify a 99%vibration attenuation amplitude can be obtained in the frequency of20 k Hz—100 k Hz.After the fabrication of the proposed hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterial by 3D printing technique,the transmission loss experiments are performed,and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated metamaterial has the characteristics of broadband vibration attenuation and an amplitude greater than 85%attenuation for the target frequency.These results demonstrate that the hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterials can effectively widen the bandgap and realize high efficiency attenuation,which has capability for the vibration attenuation in the application of highprecise equipment.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

Understanding Lithium-ion Transport in Sulfolane- and Tetraglyme-Based Electrolytes Using Very Low-Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy

With the increasing interest in highly concentrated electrolyte systems,correct determination of the cation transference number is important.Pulsed-field gradient NMR technique,which measures self-diffusion coefficients,is often applied on liquid electrolytes because of the wide accessibility and simple sample preparation.However,since the assumptions of this technique,that is,complete salt dissociation,all ions participating in motion,and all of them moving independently,no longer hold true in concentrated solutions,the transference numbers,thus obtained are often over-estimated.In the present work,impedance spectroscopy at a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 mHz was used to examine the concentration effect on lithium-ion transference number under anion-blocking conditions T abc Liþfor two electrolytes:lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in sulfolane(SL)and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)in tetraglyme(G4).The T abc Liþof the former was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the latter.It also appeared to increase with increasing concentration while the latter followed an opposite trend.The faster Li^(+)transport in the SL system is attributed to the formation of a liquid structure consisting of extended chains/bridges of SL molecules and the anions,which facilitate a cation-hopping/ligand-exchanged-typed diffusion mechanism by partially decoupling the cations from the anions and solvent molecules.The G4 system,in contrast,is dominated by the formation of long-lived,stable[Li(G4)]+solvation cages that results in a sluggish Li+transport.The difference between the two transport mechanisms is discussed via comparison of the bulk ionic conductivity,viscosity,ion self-diffusion coefficients,and the Onsager transport coefficients.

Development of a low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)in North China:validation and preliminary results

A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from lightning.The hardware and source-mapping techniques used by the LFM-LMS were introduced;both Monte Carlo simulations and the observation of rocket-triggered lightning examples were employed to examine the location accuracy and detection effectiveness of the LFM-LMS.We estimated that the system’s location accuracy about 100−200 m horizontally and~200 m vertically.A natural intra-cloud lightning flash and a rocket-triggered lightning flash,both with intricate structures and discharging processes,were examined using the three-dimensional mapping results.The progressing path of negative lightning leaders is usually well-defined,and its propagation speed is estimated to be(0.5−1.4)×10^(6)m/s.In summary,the LFM-LMS can reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of lightning flashes;this technology provides a efficient method for investigating the characteristics of lightning development,as well as the overall electrical strucuture of thunderstorms.

LF精炼炉钢包回转台驱动系统设计与分析

LF炉是整个钢铁精炼工艺过程中最为重要的设备,具有脱硫、脱氧,微调钢水成分的作用,对提高钢水品质具有重要作用;是每个钢企生产优钢特钢的必备设备。现有LF精炼炉主要结构型式分为双车式、回转台式以及电极旋转式。回转台式LF炉其特点是利用回转台的自转将钢水从等待工位转运钢水至冶炼工位进行冶炼;回转台式LF炉具有占地面积小,使用安全可靠,维护保养工作量小,效率高等优势。回转台作为LF精炼炉的重要组成设备,对整个精炼炉安全运行有着重要的作用;而回转台的平稳运行又取决于驱动装置设计的可靠性。针对回转台的驱动装置设计进行分析。通过对回转台驱动系统基础数据的计算、电机和减速机的选型,提出一个安全、可靠的设计方案,以便其他设计者进行参考。

Observation of low-frequency oscillation in argon helicon discharge

We present here a kind of low-frequency oscillation in argon helicon discharge with a half helical antenna.This time-dependent instability shows a global quasi-periodic oscillation of plasma density and electron temperature,with a typical frequency of a few tens of Hz which increases with external magnetic field as well as radiofrequency(RF)power.The relative oscillation amplitude decreases with magnetic field and RF power,but the rising time and pulse width do not change significantly under different discharge conditions.The oscillation can only be observed in some specific conditions of low magnetic fields and low RF power when the gas flows in from one end of the discharge area and out from another end.This global instability is suggested to be attributed to the pressure instability of neutral depletion,which is the result of compound action of gas depletion by heating expansion and gas replenishment from upstream.There are two kinds of oscillations,large and small amplitude oscillations,occurring in different discharge modes.This study could be a good verification of and complement to earlier experiments.This kind of spontaneous pulse phenomenon is also helpful in realizing a pulsing plasma source without a pulsed power supply.

A drift-kinetic perturbed Lagrangian for low-frequency nonideal MHD applications

We find that the perturbed Lagrangian derived from the drift-kinetic equation in[Porcelli F et al 1994 Phys.Plasmas 1470]is inconsistent with the ordering for the low-frequency large-scale magnetohydrodynamic(MHD).Here,we rederive the expression for the perturbed Lagrangian within the framework of nonideal MHD using the ordering system for the low-frequency largescale MHD in a low-beta plasma.The obtained perturbed Lagrangian is consistent with Chen's gyrokinetic theory[Chen L and Zonca F 2016 Rev.Mod.Phys.88015008],where the terms related to the field curvature and gradient are small quantities of higher order and thus negligible.As the perturbed Lagrangian has been widely used in the literature to calculate the plasma nonadiabatic response in low-frequency MHD applications,this finding may have a significant impact on the understanding of the kinetic driving and dissipative mechanisms of MHD instabilities and the plasma response to electromagnetic perturbations in fusion plasmas.

基于机理和XGBoost算法的LF精炼钢水成分预测模型

以我国某钢厂120 t LF精炼炉为研究对象,通过建立由冶炼机理模型和XGBoost模型相结合的混合模型,预测LF精炼过程中的钢水成分并进行实际应用。结果表明,模型预测终点碳、硅、锰、铝等元素均处于内控范围内,并平均减少了每炉钢取样工序0.8次,提高了生产效率。

Method for measuring the low-frequency sound power from a complex sound source based on sound-field correction in a non-anechoic tank

Similar to air reverberation chambers, non-anechoic water tanks are important acoustic measurement devices that can be used to measure the sound power radiated from complex underwater sound sources using diffusion field theory. However,the problem of the poor applicability of low-frequency measurements in these tanks has not yet been solved. Therefore,we propose a low-frequency acoustic measurement method based on sound-field correction(SFC) in an enclosed space that effectively solves the problem of measuring the sound power from complex sound sources below the Schroeder cutoff frequency in a non-anechoic tank. Using normal mode theory, the transfer relationship between the mean-square sound pressure in an underwater enclosed space and the free-field sound power of the sound source is established, and this is regarded as a correction term for the sound field between this enclosed space and the free field. This correction term can be obtained based on previous measurements of a known sound source. This term can then be used to correct the mean-square sound pressure excited by any sound source to be tested in this enclosed space and equivalently obtain its free-field sound power. Experiments were carried out in a non-anechoic water tank(9.0 m × 3.1 m × 1.7 m) to confirm the validity of the SFC method. Through measurements with a spherical sound source(whose free-field radiation characteristics are known),the correction term of the sound field between this water tank and the free field was obtained. On this basis, the sound power radiated from a cylindrical shell model under the action of mechanical excitation was measured. The measurement results were found to have a maximum deviation of 2.9 d B from the free-field results. These results show that the SFC method has good applicability in the frequency band above the first-order resonant frequency in a non-anechoic tank. This greatly expands the potential low-frequency applications of non-anechoic tanks.

Low-Frequency Oscillation Analysis of Grid-Connected VSG System Considering Multi-Parameter Coupling

With the increasing integration of new energy generation into the power system and the massive withdrawal of traditional fossil fuel generation,the power system is faced with a large number of stability problems.The phenomenon of low-frequency oscillation caused by lack of damping and moment of inertia is worth studying.In recent years,virtual synchronous generator(VSG)technique has been developed rapidly because it can provide considerable damping and moment of inertia.While improving the stability of the system,it also inevitably causes the problem of active power oscillation,especially the low mutual damping between the VSG and the power grid will make the oscillation more severe.The traditional time-domain state-space method cannot reflect the interaction among state variables and study the interaction between different nodes and branches of the power grid.In this paper,a frequency-domain method for analyzing low-frequency oscillations considering VSG parameter coupling is proposed.First,based on the rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator(SG),a secondorder VSG model and linearized power-frequency control loop model are established.Then,the differences and connections between the coupling of key VSG parameters and low-frequency oscillation characteristics are studied through frequency domain analysis.The path and influencemechanism of a VSG during low-frequency power grid oscillations are illustrated.Finally,the correctness of the theoretical analysis model is verified by simulation.

A bio-inspired spider-like structure isolator for low-frequency vibration

This paper proposes a quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)isolator composed of a curved beam(as spider foot)and a linear spring(as spider muscle)inspired by the precise capturing ability of spiders in vibrating environments.The curved beam is simplified as an inclined horizontal spring,and a static analysis is carried out to explore the effects of different structural parameters on the stiffness performance of the QZS isolator.The finite element simulation analysis verifies that the QZS isolator can significantly reduce the first-order natural frequency under the load in the QZS region.The harmonic balance method(HBM)is used to explore the effects of the excitation amplitude,damping ratio,and stiffness coefficient on the system’s amplitude-frequency response and transmissibility performance,and the accuracy of the analytical results is verified by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integral method(RK-4).The experimental data of the QZS isolator prototype are fitted to a ninth-degree polynomial,and the RK-4 can theoretically predict the experimental results.The experimental results show that the QZS isolator has a lower initial isolation frequency and a wider isolation frequency bandwidth than the equivalent linear isolator.The frequency sweep test of prototypes with different harmonic excitation amplitudes shows that the initial isolation frequency of the QZS isolator is 3 Hz,and it can isolate 90%of the excitation signal at 7 Hz.The proposed biomimetic spider-like QZS isolator has high application prospects and can provide a reference for optimizing low-frequency or ultra-low-frequency isolators.

Permeability evolution mechanism and the optimum permeability determination of uranium leaching from low-permeability sandstone treated with low-frequency vibration

Low-frequency vibrations can effectively improve natural sandstone permeability,and higher vibration frequency is associated with larger permeability.However,the optimum permeability and permeability evolution mechanism for uranium leaching and the relationship between permeability and the change of chemical reactive rate affecting uranium leaching have not been determined.To solve the above problems,in this study,identical homogeneous sandstone samples were selected to simulate lowpermeability sandstone;a permeability evolution model considering the combined action of vibration stress,pore water pressure,water flow impact force,and chemical erosion was established;and vibration leaching experiments were performed to test the model accuracy.Both the permeability and chemical reactions were found to simultaneously restrict U6þleaching,and the vibration treatment increased the permeability,causing the U6þleaching reaction to no longer be diffusion-constrained but to be primarily controlled by the reaction rate.Changes of the model calculation parameters were further analyzed to determine the permeability evolution mechanism under the influence of vibration and chemical erosion,to prove the correctness of the mechanism according to the experimental results,and to develop a new method for determining the optimum permeability in uranium leaching.The uranium leaching was found to primarily follow a process consisting of(1)a permeability control stage,(2)achieving the optimum permeability,(3)a chemical reactive rate control stage,and(4)a channel flow stage.The resolution of these problems is of great significance for facilitating the application and promotion of lowfrequency vibration in the CO_(2)+O_(2) leaching process.

废旧高铝砖在LF精炼渣中的溶解行为研究

LF精炼渣中Al_(2)O_(3)通常来源于铝矾土,其成分与废旧高铝砖相近,因此可用废旧高铝砖替代铝矾土作为LF精炼炉的造渣剂。将废旧高铝砖切割为∅17.3 mm×12.0 mm的试样与精炼渣分别在1600℃反应5、10、15和25 min,分析了废旧高铝砖试样在精炼渣中反应不同时间后的溶解率、显微形貌及溶解后精炼渣成分,探讨了废旧高铝砖在精炼渣中的溶解机制。结果表明:高铝砖溶解后与精炼渣存在明显的边界层,精炼渣中MgO会优先扩散至边界层与试样溶解的Al_(2)O_(3)形成Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO固溶体,随着反应时间的增加,Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO固溶体逐渐增多,反应后期在试样表面形成Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO固溶层,抑制了溶解产物铝酸钙相向精炼渣中扩散;反应25 min后,高铝砖试样溶解率达35%,且与反应5 min后的精炼渣相比,精炼渣中Al_(2)O_(3)含量(w)由27.1%提升至30.9%。

Low-Frequency(LF) Passive Seismic Imaging

Infrasonic Passive Differential Spectroscopy (IPDS) technology is employed for direct detection of hydrocarbons.Low-frequency seismic gives geophysicists a new seismic imaging technique to look into wealth & health of reservoir.Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be the origin of a continuous source of low-frequency seismic waves.These phenomena are sometimes called"hydrocarbon microtremors".Low-frequ-

LF精炼炉提高供电效率的研究与实践

根据LF精炼炉不同生产阶段炉渣泡沫化特点,优化精炼辅料和发泡剂的使用,系统研究LF精炼炉供电的电气特性,得出最佳供电功率的供电曲线,实现LF精炼炉动态的低耗高效供电工艺,供电效率提升5.66%,升温效果达到3.92℃/min以上,减少了给电对LF炉电极设备的冲击损坏。

LF软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢氧化物夹杂的影响

探讨了硅脱氧弹簧钢中氧化物夹杂的形成机理及其影响因素,特别关注了LF软吹时间对氧化物夹杂形态和数量的影响。通过一系列试验和金相分析,发现硅脱氧剂的使用和冶炼温度是影响氧化物夹杂的关键因素。随着硅脱氧剂的加入,钢液中的氧气含量减少,降低了氧化物形成的可能性。同时,合适的冶炼温度对于控制氧化物夹杂也至关重要。研究结果为优化硅脱氧弹簧钢的生产工艺,提高钢材质量提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导。

LF钢包用耐火材料的研究进展

随着钢铁产业飞速进步,对钢材品质也有了越来越严苛的要求,钢包从简单的钢水盛装容器转变为具有冶炼功能的多元容器。LF精炼以其设备结构简单、冶金功能丰富及经济效益好等优点,成为冶金过程中不可或缺的环节。钢水、渣及耐火材料三者在整个冶炼过程中是相互作用的。在LF钢包的钢包盖、渣线、包壁、透气砖等位置均需要用到耐火材料。其中渣线位置由于受到的侵蚀最为严重,而且经受了剧烈的温差波动,最常用的耐火材料为MgO-C耐火材料。文章对LF钢包精炼工艺进行了简介,概括了LF钢包各部位对耐火材料的要求和目前使用的耐火材料种类。

浅析无仪器主机如何实现可控震源Smart LF技术

Sercel公司推出可控震源低频去谐波功能简称Smart LF,该功能能够显著降低可控震源在低频段的畸变,需要匹配508XT仪器主机激活才能使用,适用于VE464电控箱体的4.0及以上版本。可是随着节点设备的推广应用,不再需要仪器主机就可以独立作业,在没有508XT仪器主机的情况下该如何实现Smart LF功能,SMA软件完美移植了508XT仪器主机管理可控震源的功能,能够在无仪器主机情况下激活Smart LF,从而实现Smart LF的独立操作和使用。