随着电网建设规模不断扩大,现场电源监测面临诸多挑战。提出一种基于低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的电网建设现场电源监测系统,包括数据采集、LPWAN通信、数据分析以及决策支持4个模块。该系统利用LPWAN技术的...随着电网建设规模不断扩大,现场电源监测面临诸多挑战。提出一种基于低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的电网建设现场电源监测系统,包括数据采集、LPWAN通信、数据分析以及决策支持4个模块。该系统利用LPWAN技术的低功耗和长距离特性,结合先进的数据分析算法,实现了对现场电源的实时监测和智能管理。实验结果表明,与传统有线监测系统相比,该系统在数据传输成功率、功耗、覆盖范围以及部署效率等方面均具有显著优势。展开更多
Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management (DSM) of energy systems has drawn consid...Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management (DSM) of energy systems has drawn considerable industrial and academic attention in attempts to form new flexibilities to respond to variations in renewable energy inputs to the system. However, many DSM concepts are still in the experimental demonstration phase. One of the obstacles to DSM usage is that the current information infrastructure was mainly designed for centralized systems, and does not meet DSM requirements. To overcome this barrier, this paper proposes a novel information infrastructure named the lnternet of Energy Things (IoET) in order to make DSM practicable by basing it on the latest wireless communication technology: the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The primary advantage of LPWAN over general packet radio service (GPRS) and area Internet of Things (loT) is its wide-area coverage, which comes with minimum power consumption and maintenance costs. Against this background, this paper briefly reviews the representative LPWAN tech- nologies of narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Long Range (LORa) technology, and compares them with GPRS and area IoT technology. Next, a wireless-to-cloud architecture is proposed for the IoET, based on the main technical features of LPWAN. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential of IoET in various DSM application scenarios.展开更多
LoRa(Long Range radio)系统在当前不断发展的低功率广域网(LPWAN)中处于相对领先地位。它的MAC层采用的是基于ALOHA的接入协议。该接入机制虽然简单易实现,但同时也容易加剧冲突和碰撞的发生,降低整个系统的通信性能。因此,需要研究多...LoRa(Long Range radio)系统在当前不断发展的低功率广域网(LPWAN)中处于相对领先地位。它的MAC层采用的是基于ALOHA的接入协议。该接入机制虽然简单易实现,但同时也容易加剧冲突和碰撞的发生,降低整个系统的通信性能。因此,需要研究多个终端同时占用信道资源时的相互干扰情况,而LoRa信号的扩频因子(SF)将决定信号的通信覆盖范围。因此,分析了干扰信号的SF与发送信号的SF相同以及不同时,干扰信号对发送信号解调性能的影响。实验结果表明,相同SF信号间的干扰影响相对较大,而干扰信号使用的SF与发送信号不同时,干扰的影响相对较小。通过理论分析,获得了接收端正确解调时所要求的信干比(SIR)。可见,不同SF的LoRa信号可看作伪正交。展开更多
基于蜂窝的物联网连接由于设备功耗大、部署成本高等劣势,目前在移动网络上承载的物联网连接只占到总数的6%。以NB-IoT(Narrow-Band Internet of Things)为代表的低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area,LPWA)具有低成本、广覆盖的特点,在未...基于蜂窝的物联网连接由于设备功耗大、部署成本高等劣势,目前在移动网络上承载的物联网连接只占到总数的6%。以NB-IoT(Narrow-Band Internet of Things)为代表的低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area,LPWA)具有低成本、广覆盖的特点,在未来低速率物联网业务中扮演着重要角色。文章从标准化进展、频率部署方式等方面对NB-loT技术进行分析,给出中国联通窄带物联网的网络架构和部署方案,为中国联通NB-IoT的内外场测试及商用部署提供参考。展开更多
LoRaWAN是低功耗广域网(LPWAN)中的一种无线通信标准,为物联网的发展提供了支撑。然而,受限于扩频因子(SF)间不完全正交性的特点和LoRaWAN不具备先听后发(LBT)机制的事实,基于ALOHA的传输调度方式会引发严重的信道冲突,极大降低了LoRa(L...LoRaWAN是低功耗广域网(LPWAN)中的一种无线通信标准,为物联网的发展提供了支撑。然而,受限于扩频因子(SF)间不完全正交性的特点和LoRaWAN不具备先听后发(LBT)机制的事实,基于ALOHA的传输调度方式会引发严重的信道冲突,极大降低了LoRa(Long Range Radio)网络的扩展性。为提高LoRa网络的扩展性,提出用非坚持型载波监听多路访问(NP-CSMA)机制替代LoRaWAN中ALOHA的介质访问控制机制,通过LBT协调LoRa网络中SF相同的各个节点接入信道的时间。不同SF之间的传输则采用多种SF信号并行传输,以减少共信道中同SF干扰和避免SF间干扰。为了分析NP-CSMA对LoRa网络扩展性的影响,通过理论分析和NS3仿真对LoRaWAN与NP-CSMA构建的LoRa网络进行比较。实验结果表明,在相同的条件下,与LoRaWAN相比,NP-CSMA在网络通信负载率为1的情况下,它的理论数据包交付率(PDR)性能比LoRaWAN高58.09%。在信道利用率方面,与LoRaWAN相比,NP-CSMA的饱和信道利用率提高了214.9%,容纳的节点数量也增加了60.0%。另外,NP-CSMA的平均时延在网络通信负载率小于1.7时也低于确认型LoRaWAN,而且在扩频因子为7和10时,它用于维持信道活动检测(CAD)模式所造成的额外能耗也比LoRaWAN用于接收来自网关确认消息所需的额外能耗低1.0~1.3 mJ和2.5~5.1 mJ;充分反映了NP-CSMA可以有效提高LoRa网络的可扩展性。展开更多
文摘随着电网建设规模不断扩大,现场电源监测面临诸多挑战。提出一种基于低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的电网建设现场电源监测系统,包括数据采集、LPWAN通信、数据分析以及决策支持4个模块。该系统利用LPWAN技术的低功耗和长距离特性,结合先进的数据分析算法,实现了对现场电源的实时监测和智能管理。实验结果表明,与传统有线监测系统相比,该系统在数据传输成功率、功耗、覆盖范围以及部署效率等方面均具有显著优势。
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2014AA051901), the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2014DFG62670), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51207077, 51261130472, and 51577096). Thanks for the contributions of Dr. Yibao Jiang and Dr. Xiaoshuang Chert on this paper.
文摘Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management (DSM) of energy systems has drawn considerable industrial and academic attention in attempts to form new flexibilities to respond to variations in renewable energy inputs to the system. However, many DSM concepts are still in the experimental demonstration phase. One of the obstacles to DSM usage is that the current information infrastructure was mainly designed for centralized systems, and does not meet DSM requirements. To overcome this barrier, this paper proposes a novel information infrastructure named the lnternet of Energy Things (IoET) in order to make DSM practicable by basing it on the latest wireless communication technology: the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The primary advantage of LPWAN over general packet radio service (GPRS) and area Internet of Things (loT) is its wide-area coverage, which comes with minimum power consumption and maintenance costs. Against this background, this paper briefly reviews the representative LPWAN tech- nologies of narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Long Range (LORa) technology, and compares them with GPRS and area IoT technology. Next, a wireless-to-cloud architecture is proposed for the IoET, based on the main technical features of LPWAN. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential of IoET in various DSM application scenarios.
文摘LoRa(Long Range radio)系统在当前不断发展的低功率广域网(LPWAN)中处于相对领先地位。它的MAC层采用的是基于ALOHA的接入协议。该接入机制虽然简单易实现,但同时也容易加剧冲突和碰撞的发生,降低整个系统的通信性能。因此,需要研究多个终端同时占用信道资源时的相互干扰情况,而LoRa信号的扩频因子(SF)将决定信号的通信覆盖范围。因此,分析了干扰信号的SF与发送信号的SF相同以及不同时,干扰信号对发送信号解调性能的影响。实验结果表明,相同SF信号间的干扰影响相对较大,而干扰信号使用的SF与发送信号不同时,干扰的影响相对较小。通过理论分析,获得了接收端正确解调时所要求的信干比(SIR)。可见,不同SF的LoRa信号可看作伪正交。
文摘基于蜂窝的物联网连接由于设备功耗大、部署成本高等劣势,目前在移动网络上承载的物联网连接只占到总数的6%。以NB-IoT(Narrow-Band Internet of Things)为代表的低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area,LPWA)具有低成本、广覆盖的特点,在未来低速率物联网业务中扮演着重要角色。文章从标准化进展、频率部署方式等方面对NB-loT技术进行分析,给出中国联通窄带物联网的网络架构和部署方案,为中国联通NB-IoT的内外场测试及商用部署提供参考。
文摘LoRaWAN是低功耗广域网(LPWAN)中的一种无线通信标准,为物联网的发展提供了支撑。然而,受限于扩频因子(SF)间不完全正交性的特点和LoRaWAN不具备先听后发(LBT)机制的事实,基于ALOHA的传输调度方式会引发严重的信道冲突,极大降低了LoRa(Long Range Radio)网络的扩展性。为提高LoRa网络的扩展性,提出用非坚持型载波监听多路访问(NP-CSMA)机制替代LoRaWAN中ALOHA的介质访问控制机制,通过LBT协调LoRa网络中SF相同的各个节点接入信道的时间。不同SF之间的传输则采用多种SF信号并行传输,以减少共信道中同SF干扰和避免SF间干扰。为了分析NP-CSMA对LoRa网络扩展性的影响,通过理论分析和NS3仿真对LoRaWAN与NP-CSMA构建的LoRa网络进行比较。实验结果表明,在相同的条件下,与LoRaWAN相比,NP-CSMA在网络通信负载率为1的情况下,它的理论数据包交付率(PDR)性能比LoRaWAN高58.09%。在信道利用率方面,与LoRaWAN相比,NP-CSMA的饱和信道利用率提高了214.9%,容纳的节点数量也增加了60.0%。另外,NP-CSMA的平均时延在网络通信负载率小于1.7时也低于确认型LoRaWAN,而且在扩频因子为7和10时,它用于维持信道活动检测(CAD)模式所造成的额外能耗也比LoRaWAN用于接收来自网关确认消息所需的额外能耗低1.0~1.3 mJ和2.5~5.1 mJ;充分反映了NP-CSMA可以有效提高LoRa网络的可扩展性。