Deep near infrared light-excited stable synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapies based on P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer constructed via a non-cyanine dye

The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)under the stimulation of near-infrared(NIR)light(commonly 808 nm).Unfortunately,the stability of NIR-excited cyanine dyes is not satisfactory.These cyanine dyes can be attacked by self-generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)during PDT processes,resulting in structural damage and rapid degradation,which is fatal for phototherapy.To address this issue,a novel non-cyanine dye(IR890)was elaborately designed and synthesized by our team.The maximum absorption wavelength of IR890 was located in the deep NIR region(ca.890 nm),which was beneficial for further improving tissue penetration depth.Importantly,IR890 exhibited good stability when continuously illuminated by deep NIR light.To improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility,the hydrophobic IR890 dye was grafted onto the side chain of hydrophilic polymer(POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-C≡CH)via click chemistry.Then,the synthesized POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-IR890 amphiphilic polymerwas utilized to prepare P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer via self-assembly method.Under irradiation with deep NIR light(850 nm,0.5 W/cm^(2),10 min),the dye degradation rate of P-IR890 was less than 5%.However,IR780 was almost completely degraded with the same light output power density and irradiation duration.In addition,P-IR890 could stably generate a large number of ROS and heat at the same time.It was rarely reported that the stable synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT could be efficiently performed by a single photosensitizer via irradiation with deep NIR light.P-IR890 exhibited favorable anti-tumor outcomes through apoptosis pathway.Therefore,the P-IR890 could provide a new insight into the design of photosensitizers and new opportunities for synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT.

Photobiomodulation in ocular therapy:current status and future perspectives

Photobiomodulation has been known to have potential medicinal effects for ages.It involves the use of specific wavelengths to target specific regions in the cell.Different health conditions have been reported to be treated with exposure to light such as cardiovascular conditions,inflammatory diseases,infectious diseases,and most importantly ocular diseases.This review specifically targets the treatment of retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic macular edema,myopia and acute retinal light injury with photobiomodulation.Red light is used in this therapy since this wavelength has lower frequency and hence minimal chance of causing any damage.Red light has the potential to penetrate cellular structures such as mitochondria and facilitate cellular processes.For ocular diseases,the target wavelength ranges between 630 to 800 nm.In most of the cases the primary target for red light is the cytochrome C oxidase enzyme in mitochondria,which alters the gene expression and promotes cellular energy production.Clinical evidence shows improvement of visual activity and reduction in thickness of retina post treatment.Future prospects of photobiomodulation involve target-specific treatment,combinational therapy to treat complex retinal diseases including gene therapy,and longitudinal studies to predict long-term efficacy and the chance of any recurrence in the patients.Hence the future of photobiomodulation holds significant potential in medicine especially in ocular diseases characterized by progress in research,technology,and clinical trials.

Novel intense pulsed light-photodynamic therapy strategy in the treatment of facial actinic keratoses concomitant with rosacea

Rosacea presents as transient or persistent erythema,papules,pustules,fAushing,and telangi-ectasia on the middle of the face,which has some clinical similarity with act inic keratosis(AK).These two conditions can coexist in the same patient.Dermoscopy and reflect ance confocal microscopy(RCM)could be useful methods for diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy.Novel intense pulsed light-photodynamic therapy(IPL-PDT)may have better tolerance and curative effect than traditional red-light 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy(ALA-PDT).Herein,we present a case of facial AKs concomitant with rosacea where combination therapy of novel IPL-PDT and oral minocycline was effective in that AK lesions were eliminated and the patient's facial erythema and telangiectasia were significantly improved.

Multi-watt near-infrared light therapy as a neuroregenerative treatment for traumatic brain injury

Infrared light represents a broad spectrum of light with wavelengths from 700 nm to 1 million nm（1,000 microns）.At its shortest wavelengths（referred to as near-infrared）,it merges with the red spectrum of visible light.At the longest end（referred to as far-infrared）,it blends into the range of microwaves.

Why and how does light therapy offer neuroprotection in Parkinson＇s disease？

Red and infrared light （X = 600-1,070 nm） therapy, known also as photobiomodulation, has been reported to offer neu-roprotection and to improve locomotor behaviour in animal models of Parkinson＇s disease, from rodents to non-human primates （Rojas and Gonzalez-Lima, 2011; Hamblin, 2016; Johnstone et al., 2016）. The neuroprotective aspect of this therapy is particularly relevant; the saving of neurons that would normally die as a result of the parkinsonian degeneration, is without doubt,

Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy: Combination Therapy Using LED Light, Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma, and an Oral Dietary Supplement

Objectives: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant contributor to disability in the elderly. It is also one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. PN is commonly associated with pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and cramping in the feet and legs. Current treatment options are limited to controlling pain, seizures and use of antidepressant medications. These treatments have undesirable side effects and don’t stop PN progression. Here we utilized a combination of individual-specific modalities to improve local circulation and relieve PN symptoms. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicenter pilot trial with 34 subjects (19 males and 15 females ranging from 40 - 85 years of age). All of the participants were diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy and had bilateral symptoms in their feet, and many reported the same symptoms (pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and cramping) in their lower legs. The duration of symptoms ranged from four months to over six years. On Day 0, subjects were given a 90-day supply of the oral supplement with dosing instructions and a LED light therapy device. They also received three platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in their lower extremities. Subjects also received an extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) treatment for each foot and subsequently twice per week for the first six weeks, then once weekly for the duration of the study. Subjects filled out the Brief Pain Index (BPI) at weekly intervals. On Day 90, subjects completed the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) survey. Results: There were significant responses to pain, as evidenced by BPI scores at weeks 8, 9, 10 and 11 (p = 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.003, respectively). Analysis of the final day PGIC survey showed a favorable outcome for 73% of participants (p = 0.003), with the majority reporting Very Much Improved. Conclusions: By utilizing a multi-modality treatment protocol that includes PRP, LED light therapy, ESWT and an oral dietary supplement, we observed significant reductions in BPI scores. Quality of life and their overall impression of change (PGIC) were significantly improved, and there were no significant side effects.

Treatment of Recalcitrant Viral Warts with Photodynamic Therapy with Mal and Red Light

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. In recent years, its use has expanded to new indications. Viral warts (VW) are some of the most promising. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out. Patients who did not respond to cryotherapy were selected and were occluded with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) for three hours and they were illuminated with red light. Tolerance to treatment was evaluated using a visual analog scale for pain (from 0 to 10). Results: A total of 15 patients with 134 VW were treated. A complete response was obtained in 13 of 15 patients (87%) and in 127 of 134 lesions (95%). The mean number of sessions was 3.1 (range 1 to 6) and the average pain score was 3.1 (range 0 to 8). Conclusions: PDT is a treatment that offers good results in the treatment of VW that are resistant to routine treatment. The treatment was well tolerated in our patient group.

The Successful Treatment of Dysarthria Using Strannik Light Therapy (Biofeedback): A Case Study

This article reports a case of dysarthria which was successfully treated by Strannik Light Therapy (SLT). It briefly discusses the known etiology for the condition and illustrates that dysarthria must be a problem of autonomic dysfunction in which pathological changes can influence the structure and/or subsequent function of the dynamic interplay between the brain and the organs involving the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems. The author reports a particular case in which a patient undertaking SLT fully recovered the ability to speak within 6 days.

Experimental study of red light therapy instrument combined with insulin on type 2 diabetic foot model rats

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of red light therapy combined with insulin therapy on wound in type 2 diabetic foot (DF) rats. Methords: Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with medium-dose high-fat and high-fat streptozotocin and carefully controlled at room temperature. The type 2 diabetes mellitus Wistar rats were reproved with high glucose and high fat streptozotocin (STZ) Foot involvement in the establishment of type 2 diabetic foot rat model. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: metformin 0.140 g/kg group, red light therapy group combined with insulin treatment group, model group, blank control group (30 d after intragastric administration of rats), further observation of each group of rat wounds Healing rate, insulin, blood glucose and blood lipid and vascular endothelial activity factors such as laboratory changes. Results: The observation of red light therapy combined with insulin treatment group was the most obvious, the difference was statistically significant, significantly promoted wound healing in DF rats, increased healing rate, increased insulin sensitivity (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were increased in the serum of rats. The insulin resistance and platelet aggregation rate of the DF model rats were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) , Blood glucose, blood lipid, blood viscosity and endothelin (ET) and other active factors were significantly reduced. Conclusion: (1) treatment of red light therapy can improve blood rheology, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity, Vascular endothelial cell activation and so on to improve the wound healing rate of DF wound in rats. (2) The treatment of red light therapy is effective, safe and high in clinical application.

Potential of photodynamic therapy in the management of infectious oral diseases

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can take place in the presence of three elements:Light with an appropriate wavelength;a photosensitizer;and the presence of oxygen.This type of treatment is very effective overall against bacterial,viral and mycotic cells.In the last 10 years many papers have been published on PDT with different types of photosensitizers(e.g.,methylene blue,toluidine blue,indocyanine green,curcumin-based photosensitizers),different wavelengths(e.g.,460 nm,630 nm,660 nm,810 nm)and various parameters(e.g.,power of the light,time of illumination,number of sessions).In the scientific literature all types of PDT seem very effective,even if it is difficult to find a standard protocol for each oral pathology.PDT could be an interesting way to treat some dangerous oral infections refractory to common pharmacological therapies,such as candidiasis from multidrug-resistant Candida spp.

Highly Selective Photodynamic Therapy with a Short Drug-Light Interval Using a Cytotoxic Photosensitizer Porphyrus Envelope for Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive cancer treatment using photochemical reactions induced by light irradiation to a photosensitizer (PS). Highly selective PDT with fast accumulation of the PS in target site might be a promising treatment option for drug-resistant prostate cancer facing high incidence rate of elderly men who have no effective treatment options and require a minimally invasive treatment. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) allows selective and fast drug delivery to the drug-resistant prostate cancer cells via rapid cell membrane fusion. PS named porphyrus envelope (PE) has been developed by insertion of lipidated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX lipid) into HVJ-E. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for PE preparation and laser irradiation for highly selective PDT using PE with a short drug-light interval. Materials and Methods: Human hormon refractory prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and human normal prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 were cultured. PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT in the cells incubated with PE for 10 min were evaluated by measuring fluorescence intensity and by using a cell counting reagent 24 h after PDT, respectively. Results: PpIX lipid uptake and cytotoxicity of PDT were increased with PpIX lipid concentration. Cytotoxicity of PDT using PE was more than 9 times as strong as that with PpIX lipid and PpIX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Much stronger cytotoxicity was induced in PC-3 cells than PNT2 cells with the ratio of cell death rate for cancer to normal cells up to 4.64 ± 0.09. Conclusions: Fast PS delivery with HVJ-E allows highly selective PDT with a short drug-light interval. Therefore, PDT using PE has a potential to shorten treatment period and reduce side effects of PDT.

LIGHT-Fc基因转染对食管癌细胞株Eca109抑制作用的初步研究

目的 探讨LIGHT对人食管癌细胞的体外抑制效应。方法 以DOTAP脂质体介导LIGHT Fc基因转染人食管癌细胞株Eca10 9,通过绘制细胞生长曲线及MTT比色法观察LIGHT Fc转染对Eca10 9细胞生长的影响 ,用RT PCR法检测LIGHT受体在Eca10 9细胞上的表达。结果 LIGHT Fc基因的表达可以抑制Eca10 9细胞的生长。在低血清培养时 ,Eca10 9 LIGHT细胞的生长曲线较对照组明显降低 ;MTT比色显示Eca10 9 LIGHT的细胞活力与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 LIGHT Fc基因转染对人食管癌Eca10 9细胞具有体外抑制作用 。

光动力抗肿瘤双层微针的数值模拟

针对目前光动力治疗皮肤癌中光敏剂传递效率低及光穿透深度不足的问题,提出一种用于光动力抗肿瘤的双层微针,双层微针由可溶针尖和不溶基底两部分组成.可溶针尖能够精准地将光敏剂递送至肿瘤组织内部,提高传递效率.针尖溶解后留存在组织内的不溶基底为高能光子提供稳定的光传输通道,增强光穿透深度,以激活深层光敏剂.为设计递送性能及光导性能良好的光动力抗肿瘤双层微针,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立双层微针针尖结构在皮肤组织内的光敏剂扩散模型,研究针尖几何尺寸与药物扩散浓度的关系.同时,基于蒙特卡洛方法建立双层微针基底结构的皮肤黑色素瘤组织光学模型,研究基底几何尺寸对光导性能的影响.最终获得性能最优的双层微针几何尺寸.借助ANSYS Workbench软件建立其力学模型以验证该微针的刺入性能.研究结果表明:本文所设计的光动力抗肿瘤双层微针具备良好的力学性能,能够顺利刺穿皮肤组织,并通过可溶针尖将光敏剂靶向递送至肿瘤部位.不溶基底在肿瘤组织内建立稳定光导路径,有效促进光子传输.该微针设计建立了高效光动力抗肿瘤治疗方案,拓展了肿瘤非手术治疗的新途径.

枇杷清痤方联合红蓝光交替照射治疗寻常型痤疮临床观察

目的探讨枇杷清痤方联合红蓝光交替照射治疗寻常型痤疮的效果及对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2023年1月山东省单县中医医院收治的寻常型痤疮患者82例,分为观察组与对照组,各41例。对照组予红蓝光交替照射,观察组在对照组基础上联合枇杷清痤方治疗,均持续治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后中医证候积分、皮肤屏障功能、皮肤油脂分泌程度变化。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为92.68%(38/41),高于对照组的75.61%(31/41)(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组各中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组的皮肤经皮水丢量、pH值及皮肤油脂量亦均低于治疗前、角质层含水量高于治疗前,且观察组各指标改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论枇杷清痤方联合红蓝光交替照射治疗寻常型痤疮,可加快患者皮肤屏障功能修护,提高临床效果。

Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment:A realistic Monte Carlo simulation study

Light has been clinically utilized as a stimulation in medical treatment,such as Low-level laser therapy and photodynamic thenapy,which has been more and more widely accepted in public.The penetration depth of the treatment light is important for precision treatment and safety control.The isue of light penetration has been highlighted in biomedical optics field for decades.However,quantitative research is sparse and even there are conflicts of view on the capability of near-infrared light penet ration into brain tissue.This study attempts to quantitatively revisit this issue by innovative high-realistic 3D Monte Caro modeling of stimulated light penetnation within high precision Visible Chinese human head.The properties of light,such as its wave-length,ilumination profle and size are concern in this study.We made stra ightforward and quantitative comparisons among the ffects by the light properties(i.e.,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nn;beam types:Gaussi an and flat beamn;bear dianeters:0,2,4 and 6 cm)which are in the range of light treatment.The findings include about 3%of light dosage within brain tisue;the combination of Gaussian beam and 810nm light make the max imum light penetration(>5cm),which allows light to cross through gray matter into white mater.This study offered us,the first time as we know,quantitative guide for light stimulation parameter optimization in medical treatment.

Treating Comorbid Insomnia in Older Adults via Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment, Bright Light and Exercise

Background: Insomnia occurs frequently in older adults. The underlying factors for the disorder are physiological changes of the sleep-wake cycle, comorbid diseases and drug treatment. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT I) combined with light therapy and physical activity can be effective in the treatment of comorbid insomnia in older adults. Methods: Sixty-three (63) insomnia patients (47 female, 16 male) with an average age of 66.6 years participated in the program. Before and after the treatment, the participants completed questionnaires to assess their sleep quality (PSQI), day-time sleepiness (ESS), mood (BDI) and well-being (WHO-5-Index). In addition, they kept sleep diaries for six weeks. Results: Pre-post comparisons revealed a significant improvement in sleep latency and sleep quality, as well as a significant reduction of day-time sleepiness. In patients with both insomnia and depression, all depression scores improved slightly but significantly. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological combination treatment using CBT I, light therapy and physical activity seemed to be effective in older adults with comorbid insomnia and improve additionaly depressive symptoms.

Fifty Cases of Chloasma Treated by Acupuncture plus Intensive Pulse Light Irradiation

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus intensive pulse light irradiation on chloasma. Methods: Ninety-six cases of chloasma were randomly divided into two groups, the control group of 46 cases treated by simple acupuncture and the treatment group of 50 cases treated by acupuncture and intensive pulse light irradiation. Results: The total effective rate was 89.1% and 98.0% in the control group and treatment group respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: For chloasma, the effect of treatment with acupuncture plus intensive pulse light irradiation is superior to that with simple acupuncture.

Implementation and uniformity calibration of LED array for photodynamic therapy

Irradiance uniformity is an important parameter for a Photodynamic Therapy(PDT)device.The calibration and verification of a LED array light source based on computer vision technology were implemented and carried out.First,the correlation coe±cients between the pulse width modulate value and the irradiance were calibrated.Then,the correction of the actual light center and divergence angle were solved by image processing to reduce errors from each LED lens.Finally,uniformity was optimized according to the irradiance formula of the Lambertian source.The lowest coe±cients of variation of irradiance were 4.87%in a 5 cm×12 cm area and 3.55%in a 3 cm×10 cm area within the depth range of 8–12 cm when the expected irradiance was 100 mW/cm^(2).This finding indicated that the light source can achieve a more uniform illumination and provide a better therapeutic effect for the PDT of port-wine stains.

Evaluation of Self-Treatment of Acne Using Silk’n Blue Phototherapy System

Background: At-home phototherapy devices for the treatment of acne have emerged as an appealing treatment option and as an effective adjunct treatment to existing modalities. The principal goal of the study was to determine the changes in the number of inflammatory lesions in acne patients. Methods: Patients received instruction for daily at-home use of Silk’n Blue device for 12 weeks. Follow-up visits were conducted at 1 and 3 months to collect data. Results: Fifteen subjects with mild to severe cases experienced improvement over the course of the trial. The decrease in mean inflammatory acne counts (from 41.26 to 24.46) and mean percent reduction (41.8%) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Some participants experienced percent reductions as great as 67%. No adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: The Silk’n Blue device is a safe and effective modality for at-home treatment of mild, moderate, and severe inflammatory acne vulgaris with proper use.