Application of NSR-AISC Method in Reserve Estimation and Technical Economic Evaluation of Low-Grade Polymetallic Deposits: Taking a Low-Grade Copper-Molybdenum Mine in Guangdong Province as an Example

The development and utilization of low-grade polymetallic deposits with strategic mineral resources is one of the important measures to alleviate the current high dependence on strategic mineral resources in China. However, domestic mining enterprises and most mining consulting and design institutes usually use general industrial indicators to carry out reserve estimation and technical and economic feasibility studies on low-grade polymetallic deposits, which cannot truly reflect the economic value of such deposits. The article expounds on the definitions of net return value (NSR) and on-site total maintenance cost (AISC) of common ore smelters in the evaluation of overseas mineral resources. Taking a low-grade polymetallic copper-molybdenum mine in Guangdong Province as an example, comparing the research results showed the NSR-AISC method and the general industrial index method in low-grade polymetallic deposit. There are huge differences in the results of reserve estimation;through the further introduction of Taylor’s formula and the research results on the relationship between investment intensity and production scale, a more reasonable mine life and investment scale are recommended, and a more in-depth comparative study has been carried out in the dimension of technical and economic indicators. Based on the comparative study of the above two methods in reserve estimation and the evaluation results of technical and economic indicators, the author believes that the NSR-AISC method can better reflect the true value of low-grade polymetallic ore projects, and should be popularized and applied in resource evaluation and development practice. This article further describes the application status of the NSR-AISC method for reserve estimation and the evaluation of technical economic indicators, and suggests the main points that should be paid attention to in the use of the NSR-AISC method.

Tumor deposits in axillary adipose tissue in patients with breast cancer:Do they matter?

Tumor deposits(TDs)are defined as discrete,irregular clusters of tumor cells lying in the soft tissue adjacent to but separate from the primary tumor,and are usually found in the lymphatic drainage area of the primary tumor.By definition,no residual lymph node structure should be identified in these tumor masses.At present,TDs are mainly reported in colorectal cancer,with a few reports in gastric cancer.There are very few reports on breast cancer(BC).For TDs,current dominant theories suggest that these are the result of lymph node metastasis of the tumor with complete destruction of the lymph nodes by the tumor tissue.Even some pathologists classify a TD as two lymph node metastases for calculation.Some pathologists also believe that TDs belong to the category of disseminated metastasis.Therefore,regardless of the origin,TDs are an indicator of poor prognosis.Moreover,for BC,sentinel lymph node biopsy is generally used at present.Whether radical axillary lymph node dissection should be adopted for BC with TDs in axillary lymph nodes is still inconclusive.The present commentary of this clinical issue has certain guiding significance.It is aimed to increase the awareness of the scientific community towards this under-recognized problem in BC pathology.

Asymptomatic low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm:A case report

BACKGROUND Low-grade appendiceal neoplasms(LAMN)are characterized by low incidence and atypical clinical presentations,often leading to misdiagnosis as acute or chronic appendicitis before surgery.The primary diagnostic tool for LAMN is abdominal computed tomography(CT)imaging.Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of LAMN management,necessitating en bloc tumor excision to minimize the risk of iatrogenic rupture.Laparoscopy,known for its minimal invasiveness,reduced postoperative discomfort,and expedited recovery,is a safe and reliable approach for LAMN treatment.Despite the possibility of pseudomyxoma peritonei development,appendectomy and partial appendectomy generally result in negative tumor margins and favorable outcomes,which can be attributed to the disease’s slow growth and lower malignancy.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with a pelvic spaceoccupying lesion detected 1 mo prior.Physical examination showed a soft abdomen without tenderness or rebound and no palpable masses.No shifting dullness was noted,and digital rectal examination revealed no palpable mass.Enteroscopy revealed a raised,smooth-surfaced mass measuring 3.0 cm in the cecum.Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT showed a markedly thickened and dilated appendix with visible cystic shadows.Laparoscopic surgery was performed and revealed a significantly dilated appendix,leading to laparoscopic resection of the appendix and part of the cecum.Post-surgical pathologic analysis confirmed LAMN.The patient received symptomatic and supportive post-operative care and was discharged on postoperative day 4 without complications such as abdominal bleeding,intestinal obstruction,or incision infection.No tumor recurrence was observed during a 7-mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION LAMN is a rare disease that lacks specific clinical manifestations.Abdominal CT plays a crucial role in diagnosing LAMN,and laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Depositional process of hyperpycnal flow deposits:A case study on Lower Cretaceous Sangyuan outcrop in the Luanping Basin,Northeast China

Sedimentary process research is of great significance for understanding the distribution and characteristics of sediments.Through the detailed observation and measurement of the Sangyuan outcrop in Luanping Basin,this paper studies the depositional process of the hyperpycnal flow deposits,and divides their depositional process into three phases,namely,acceleration,erosion and deceleration.In the acceleration phase,hyperpycnal flow begins to enter the basin nearby,and then speeds up gradually.Deposits developed in the acceleration phase are reverse.In addition,the original deposits become unstable and are taken away by hyperpycnal flows under the eroding force.As a result,there are a lot of mixture of red mud pebbles outside the basin and gray mud pebbles within the basin.In the erosion phase,the reverse deposits are eroded and become thinner or even disappear.Therefore,no reverse grading characteristic is found in the proximal major channel that is closer to the source,but it is still preserved in the middle branch channel that is far from the source.After entering the deceleration phase,normally grading deposits appear and cover previous deposits.The final deposits in the basin are special.Some are reverse,and others are normal.They are superimposed with each other under the action of hyperpycnal flow.The analysis of the Sangyuan outcrop demonstrates the sedimentary process and distribution of hyperpycnites,and reasonably explain the sedimentary characteristics of hyperpycnites.It is helpful to the prediction of oil and gas exploration targets in gravity flow deposits.

Mineralogical study and significance of the basalt-hosted Carlin-type Au deposits in southwestern Guizhou Province,China

The Jiadi and Damaidi gold deposits in southwest Guizhou Province are the largest basalt-hosted Carlintype gold deposits recently discovered in China.This study uses the Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer,supported by detailed field investigations,regional geological data,and extensive sample collections,including mineralized ore,altered wall rock,and unaltered basalt samples,for orebearing and geochemical analyses.Comparative analysis between altered and unaltered basalt samples revealed a mineral assemblage of sericite,quartz,and pyrite.This mineral composition forms through the hydrothermal alteration of unaltered basalt,originally containing feldspar,pyroxene,and ilmenite.The wall rock primarily features sericite,quartz,and hematite.During the alteration process,major,trace,and rare earth elements notably migrate.In the Jiadi deposit,K_(2)O,Rb,Au,and REE significantly increase,while Na_(2)O,CaO,MgO,and MnO decrease.SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(2)O_(3)levels remain relatively stable.In the Damaidi deposit,K_(2)O,Rb,and Au enrich,contrasting with the depletion of Na_(2)O,CaO,MgO,and MnO,while SiO_(2),Fe_(2)O_(3),Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and REE show no significant changes.In the wall rock,TiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),K_(2)O,and REE increase,while Na_(2)O,CaO,MgO,and MnO decrease;SiO_(2)and Fe_(2)O_(3)content remains unchanged.The mineralization process likely originated from mid-to low-temperature,reductive magmatic hydrothermal fluids rich in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2),H^(+),S^(2-),HS^(-),H_(3)AsO_(3),and[Au(HS_(2)]^(-).These fluids migrated to tectonically weak zones in the Lianhuashan area,where Emeishan basalts are present.They reacted with Fe-bearing minerals in the basalt,such as ferro-hornblende and ilmenite,forming pyrite,arsenic-bearing pyrite,and arsenopyrite,thus enriching Au in these minerals.Additionally,K^(+)and H^(+)in the fluid reacted with plagioclase in the basalt,forming sericite and quartz.As the fluid entered the wall rock from structural weak zones,its oxidation increased,leading to the complete or partial reaction of Fe-bearing minerals in the wall rock,resulting in the formation of hematite or magnetite.This mineralization process is similar to that observed in carbonate-hosted Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou,with the primary distinction being the iron source.In carbonate deposits,iron originates from ferridolomite within the wall rock,while in basalt-hosted deposits,it derives from ferripyroxene and ilmenite.

Effects of soil crust on the collapsing erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residual soil

Collapsing erosion is a unique phenomenon commonly observed on the granite residue hillslopes in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China,characterized by its abrupt occurrence and significant erosion volumes.However,the impacts of soil crust conditions on the erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residual soils have only been studied to a limited extent.To address this issue,this study investigates the impacts of three soil crust conditions(i.e.,without crust,10-minute crust,and 20-minute crust)on gully morphology,rainfall infiltration,and runoff and sediment yield during slope erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residues(classified as Acrisols)in Yudu County,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,China,using simulated rainfall tests and photographic methods.The results showed that as the strength of the soil crust increased,the capacity of moisture infiltration and the width and depth of the gully as well as the sediment concentration and yield ratio decreased;at the same time,the runoff ratio increased.The sediment yield in the without-crust test was found to be 1.24 and 1.43 times higher than that observed in the 10-minute crust and 20-minute crust tests,respectively.These results indicate that soil crusts can effectively prevent slope erosion and moisture infiltration,while providing valuable insights for the management of soil erosion in natural environments.

Low-grade myofibrosarcoma of the maxillary sinus:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma(LGMS)is an extremely rare tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of myofibroblasts.LGMS most commonly develops in adults,predominantly in males,in the head and neck region,oral cavity,especially on the tongue,mandible,and larynx.This article presents 2 cases of LGMS localized to the maxillary sinus and provides an overview of the available literature.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with LGMS located in the maxillary sinus underwent surgery at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery.Case 1:A 46-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic with suspected LGMS recurrence in the right maxillary sinus(rT4aN0M0),with symptoms of pain in the suborbital area,watering of the right eye,thick discharge from the right nostril,and augmented facial asymmetry.After open biopsy-confirmed LGMS,the patient underwent expanded maxillectomy of the right side with immediate palate reconstruction using a microvascular skin flap harvested surgically from the middle arm.The patient qualified for adjuvant radiotherapy for the postoperative bed,with an additional margin.Currently,the patient is under 1.5 years of observation with no evidence of disease.Case 2:A 45-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with facial asymmetry,strabismus,exophthalmos,and visual impairment in the right eye.Six months earlier,the patient had undergone partial jaw resection at another hospital for fibromatosis.A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a tumor mass in the postoperative log after an earlier procedure.An open biopsy confirmed lowgrade fibrosarcoma(rT4aN0M0).The patient qualified for an extended total right maxillectomy with orbital excision and right hemimandibulectomy with immediate microvascular reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh flap.The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant radiotherapy to the postoperative area.After 9 months,recurrence occurred in the right mandibular arch below the irradiated area.The lesion infiltrated the base of the skull,which warranted the withdrawal of radiotherapy and salvage surgery.The patient qualified for palliative chemotherapy with a regimen of doxorubicin+dacarbazine+cyclophosphamide and palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases.The patient died 26 months after surgical treatment.The cases have been assessed and compared with cases in the literature.CONCLUSION No specific diagnostic criteria or treatment strategies have been developed for LGMS.The treatment used for LGMS is the same as that used for sinonasal cancer radical tumor excision;adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy should also be considered.They have low malignant potential but are highly invasive,tend to recur,and metastasize to distant sites.Patients should undergo regular follow-up examinations to detect recurrence or metastasis at an early stage.Patients should be treated and observed at the highest referral centers.

A Novel Three-stage Tectonic Model for Mississippi Valleytype Zn-Pb Deposits in Orogenic Fold-and-Thrust Belts

Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) Zn-Pb deposits predominantly form within both orogenic forelands and fold-andthrust belts, yet the mineralization process within the latter tectonic setting remains inadequately understood. This study, through a comprehensive review of MVT deposits across global fold-and-thrust belts, introduces a novel model elucidating the mineralization process in the context of tectonic belt evolution. It is demonstrated that during the stage Ⅰ, regional compression is introduced by early stages of plate convergence, causing the folding and thrusting and creating structural or lithological traps such as evaporite diapirs and unconformity-related carbonate dissolution-collapse structures. Thereafter, in stage Ⅱ, hydrocarbons begin to migrate and accumulate within these traps, where reduced sulfur is generated through thermochemical or bacterial sulfate reduction concurrent with or preceding Zn-Pb mineralization. In the subsequent stage Ⅲ, as plate convergence persists, the regional stress transitions from compression to transpression or extension. Under these conditions, steeply-dipping extensional faults are generated, facilitating the ascent of metalliferous brines into early-formed structural or lithological traps. Precipitation of Zn and Pb sulfides occurs through the mixing of Zn-Pb-transporting fluids with pre-existing reduced sulfur or by interaction with hydrocarbons.

Research on the Application of Electromagnetic Method in the Exploration of Altered Rock-type Gold Deposits in the East Kunlun Metallogenic Belt

Introduction The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(Li et al.,2007),stretching from the East Kunlun to the Elashan area in an east–west direction(Guo et al.,2018).It is an important part of the Central Orogenic Belt(Xiong et al.,2023).It is considered one of the important gold mineralization regions in the Tethys tectonic domain(Norbu et al.,2023)and an essential potential base for mineral resources in China.Wulonggou and Gouli gold mines have been discovered successively,earning the reputation of the"Golden Belt of Qinghai Province"(Feng et al.,2004;He et al.,2023).

Storm Liquefaction Deposits:A Possibility of Time Reversal in Sedimentary Strata of an Estuarial Coastal Area

In the sedimentary strata dating of estuarial coastal areas,it is often found that there is phenomenon of time-reversal in strata.The seabed sediments could be liquefied under storm waves.A laboratory wave flume experiment demonstrated that storm-induced liquefaction deposits are formed by the oscillations of liquefied sediments.In this paper,the particle size distribution and ^(210)Pb_(ex) specific activity of the sediment samples from the liquefaction disturbed zone and adjacent stable zone of the Yellow River Delta were tested.The stratigraphic divisions based on storm liquefaction deposit sequence can effectively explain the vertical changes in particle size and ^(210)Pb_(ex) specific activity.Due to the differentiation of particles during the storm induced liquefaction,coarse and fine particles regrouped,which could explain the phenomenon of time-reversal in dating data.

Classification and mineralization of global lithium deposits and lithium extraction technologies for exogenetic lithium deposits

A reasonable classification of deposits holds great significance for identifying prospecting targets and deploying exploration. The world ’s keen demand for lithium resources has expedited the discovery of numerous novel lithium resources. Given the presence of varied classification criteria for lithium resources presently, this study further ascertained and classified the lithium resources according to their occurrence modes, obtaining 10 types and 5 subtypes of lithium deposits(resources) based on endogenetic and exogenetic factors. As indicated by surveys of Cenozoic exogenetic lithium deposits in China and abroad,the formation and distribution of the deposits are primarily determined by plate collision zones, their primary material sources are linked to the anatectic magmas in the deep oceanic crust, and they were formed primarily during the Miocene and Late Paleogene. The researchers ascertained that these deposits,especially those of the salt lake, geothermal, and volcanic deposit types, are formed by unique slightly acidic magmas, tend to migrate and accumulate toward low-lying areas, and display supernormal enrichment. However, the material sources of lithium deposits(resources) of the Neopaleozoic clay subtype and the deep brine type are yet to be further identified. Given the various types and complex origins of lithium deposits(resources), which were formed due to the interactions of multiple spheres, it is recommended that the mineralization of exogenetic lithium deposits(resources) be investigated by integrating tectono-geochemistry, paleoatmospheric circulation, and salinology. So far, industrialized lithium extraction is primarily achieved in lithium deposits of the salt lake, clay, and hard rock types. The lithium extraction employs different processes, with lithium extraction from salt lake-type lithium deposits proving the most energy-saving and cost-effective.

Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Based on the clinical data of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients who underwent surgery at our institution,a model for predicting the formation of tumor deposits(TDs)in this patient population was established.AIM To establish an effective model for predicting TD formation,thus enabling clinicians to identify CRC patients at high risk for TDs and implement personalized treatment strategies.METHODS CRC patients(n=645)who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into training(n=452)and validation(n=193)cohorts using a 7:3 ratio in this retrospective analysis.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed to screen potential risk factors,and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors.Subsequently,a predictive model for TD formation in CRC patients was constructed based on the independent risk factors.The discrimination ability of the model,its consistency with actual results,and its clinical applicability were evaluated using receiveroperating characteristic curves,area under the curve(AUC),calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS Thirty-four(7.5%)patients with TDs were identified in the training cohort based on postoperative pathological specimens.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified female sex,preoperative intestinal obstruction,left-sided CRC,and lymph node metastasis as independent risk factors for TD formation.The AUCs of the nomogram models constructed using these variables were 0.839 and 0.853 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency,and the training cohort DCA yielded a threshold probability of 7%-78%.CONCLUSION This study developed and validated a nomogram with good predictive performance for identifying TDs in CRC patients.Our predictive model can assist surgeons in making optimal treatment decisions.

Risk factors predict microscopic extranodal tumor deposits in advanced stage Ⅲ colon cancer patients

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in patients with lymph node or distant metastases.Pericolonic tumor deposits(TDs)are considered prognostically distinct from lymph node metastases.AIM To investigate risk factors for extranodal TDs in stage III colon cancer.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study.We selected 155 individuals diagnosed with stage III colon cancer from the database of the Cancer Registry of the Tri-Service General Hospital.The patients were allocated into the groups with/without N1c.Multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method were done.The primary outcomes investigate the association between the covariates and extranodal TDs,and prognostic significance of the covariates regarding the survival.RESULTS There were 136 individuals in the non-N1c group and 19 individuals in the N1c group.Patients with lymphovascular invasion(LVI)had a higher risk of TDs.Overall survival rates of patients with and without LVI were 6.64 years and 8.61 years,respectively(P=0.027).The N1c patients without LVI had higher overall survival than those who with LVI(7.73 years vs 4.42 years,P=0.010).CONCLUSION Patients having stage III colon cancer with LVI have a higher probability of having TDs than those with stage III colon cancer without LVI.Stage III colon cancer patients with TDs and LVI could have poor prognosis and outcome.

Volcanism Pacing Slumping Gravity Flow Deposits during the Late Carboniferous in the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin,China

Deep-water gravity depositional processes and evolution in arc systems have become topics of intense research focus in recent years.This study discusses the co-evolution of volcanism and deep-water gravity flow deposits at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,based on petrology,geochronology and geochemical analyses.The results show that a massive collapse of unstable sediments from the slope was triggered by volcanism,resulting in the formation of slumping gravity flows.The occurrence of volcanic beds in the slump deposits confirm that synchronous volcanism likely affected sediment instability,triggering gravity flows.The Th/Yb,Ta/Yb and Th/Ta elemental ratios,U-Pb ages of detrital zircons and paleocurrent directions indicate that the North Tianshan(NTS)island arc represents the provenance of the Qianxia Formation.Moreover,statistical data on the pyroclastic components in the gravity flow deposits reveal an intensity index of volcanism,indicating that volcanism is strongly related to gravity flow deposits,especially in terms of the type and distribution of the deposits.A model for volcanically-triggered deep-water gravity flow deposits is established,in order to provide a more in-depth understanding of the co-evolution of volcanism and gravity flow deposits within the depositional setting of the late Paleozoic NTS oceanic subduction margin in the Junggar Basin.

Incorporation of perigastric tumor deposits into the TNM staging system for primary gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The current prognostic significance of perigastric tumor deposits(TDs)in gastric cancer(GC)remains unclear.AIM To assess the prognostic value of perigastric TDs and put forward a new TNM staging framework involving TDs for primary GC.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the pathological data of 6672 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy or surgery for GC with other diseases from January 1,2012 to December 31,2017 at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.According to the presence of perigastric TDs or not,the patients were divided into TD-positive and TD-negative groups by using the method of propensity score matching.The differences between TD-positive and TD-negative patients were analyzed using binary logistic regression modeling.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves.Multivariate Cox regression modeling and the log-rank test were used to analyze the data.RESULTS Perigastric TDs were found to be positive in 339(5.09%)of the 6672 patients with GC,among whom 237 were men(69.91%)and 102 were women(30.09%)(2.32:1).The median age was 59 years(range,27 to 78 years).Univariate and multivariate survival analyses indicated that TD-positive GC patients had a poorer prognosis than TD-negative patients(P<0.05).The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates of GC patients with TDs were 68.3%,19.6%,and 11.2%,respectively,and these were significantly poorer than those without TDs of the same stages.There was significant variation in survival according to TD locations among the GC patients(P<0.05).A new TNM staging framework for GC was formulated according to TD location.When TDs appear in the gastric body,the original stages T1,T2,and T3 are classified as T4a with the new framework,and the original stages T4a and T4b both are classified as T4b.When TDs appear in the lesser curvature,the previous stages N0,N1,N2,and N3 now both are classified as N3.When TDs appear in the greater curvature or the distant tissue,the patient should be categorized as having M1.With the new GC staging scheme including TDs,the survival curves of patients in the lower grade TNM stage with TDs were closer to those of patients in the higher grade TNM stage without TDs.CONCLUSION TDs are a poor prognostic factor for patients with primary GC.The location of TDs is associated with the prognosis of patients with primary GC.Accordingly,we developed a new TNM staging framework involving TDs that is more appropriate for patients with primary GC.

Types,characteristics and geological significance of event deposits of Chang 9 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China

Through core observation,thin section identification,and logging and testing data analysis,the types and characteristics of event deposits in the ninth member of Yanchang Formation of Triassic(Chang 9 Member)in southwestern Ordos Basin,China,are examined.There are 4 types and 9 subtypes of event deposits,i.e.earthquake,gravity flow,volcanic and anoxic deposits,in the Chang 9 Member in the study area.Based on the analysis of the characteristics and distribution of such events deposits,it is proposed that the event deposits are generally symbiotic or associated,with intrinsic genetic relations and distribution laws.Five kinds of sedimentary microfacies with relatively developed event deposits are identified,and the genetic model of event deposits is discussed.Seismites are mainly developed in the lake transgression stage when the basin expands episodically,and commonly affected by liquefaction flow,gravity action and brittle shear deformation.Gravity flow,mainly distributed in the high water level period,sandwiched in the fine-grained sediments of prodelta or semi-deep lake,or creates banded or lobate slump turbidite fan.It is relatively developed above the seismites strata.The volcanic event deposits are only seen in the lower part of the Chang 9 Member,showing abrupt contact at the top and bottom,which reflects the volcanic activity at the same time.Anoxic deposits are mostly formed in the late stage of lake transgression to the highstand stage.Very thick organic-rich shales are developed in the highstand stage of Chang 9 Member,and the event deposits in the depositional period of these shales are conducive to potential reservoirs.

Petrogenesis and Physicochemical Conditions of Fertile Porphyry in Non-arc Porphyry Mineralization:A Case from Habo Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits,SW China

The Habo deposit is a typical porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Ailaoshan–Red River metallogenic belt.Ore minerals in the Habo deposit typically occur as veins in the monzonite porphyry.Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzonite porphyry formed at 35.07±0.38 Ma.The monzonite porphyry is characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),K_(2)O and Na_(2)O contents,with A/CNK ratios ranging from 0.97 to 1.02.All samples exhibit fractionated REE patterns,characterized by high(La/Yb)N ratios(9.4–13.6,average of 11.2).They show adakite-like geochemical features,high Sr concentrations(627–751 ppm,average of 700 ppm),low Y concentrations(15.13–16.86 ppm,average of 15.81 ppm)and high Sr/Y values(39.5–47.4,average of 44.3).These samples have high initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7074–0.7076)and negativeεNd(t)values(-5.1 to-3.7),whereas the zirconεHf(t)values range from-2.2 to+0.4,suggesting that the monzonite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of a thickened juvenile lower crust.The oxygen fugacity,calculated on the basis of the chemical composition of the amphiboles,shows?NNO values ranging from+1.65 to+2.16(average of 1.94)and lg(fO_(2))ranging from-12.72 to-11.99(average of-12.25),indicating that the monzonite porphyry has high oxygen fugacity.Zircons have high Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios(29.29–164.24,average of 84.92),with high?FMQ values ranging from+0.50 to+1.51(average of 0.87)and high lg(fO_(2))values ranging from-14.72 to-12.85(average of-14.07),which also indicates that the oxygen fugacity of the magma was high.The dissolved water content of the Habo monzonite porphyry is 9.5–11.5 wt%,according to the geochemical characteristics,zircon-saturation thermometry(692–794°C)and the mineral phases(amphibole,no plagioclase)in the deep magma chamber.Combined with previous studies,we propose that the high oxygen fugacity and high water content of magma played key roles in controlling the formation of the Habo and other Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the Ailaoshan–Red River metallogenic belt.

Thermally Chargeable Proton Capacitor Based on Redox-Active Effect for Energy Storage and Low-Grade Heat Conversion

Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis.Here,a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value-added conversion of low-grade heat by introducing redox-active organic alizarin(AZ)onto N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers(N–HCNF)surface.As-prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g^(-1)(at 1 A g^(-1))and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3%even at 50 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg^(-1) at 350.0 W kg^(-1) and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg^(-1) at 17.0 Wh kg^(-1).Significantly,the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K^(-1) and a power factor of 6.02µW g^(-1).Taking advantage of such high performance,a satisfying open-circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved.This research provides new insights into construction of high value-added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances.

Jet formation and penetration performance of a double-layer charge liner with chemically-deposited tungsten as the inner liner

This paper proposes a type of double-layer charge liner fabricated using chemical vapor deposition(CVD)that has tungsten as its inner liner.The feasibility of this design was evaluated through penetration tests.Double-layer charge liners were fabricated by using CVD to deposit tungsten layers on the inner surfaces of pure T2 copper liners.The microstructures of the tungsten layers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The feasibility analysis was carried out by pulsed X-rays,slug-retrieval test and static penetration tests.The shaped charge jet forming and penetration law of inner tungsten-coated double-layer liner were studied by numerical simulation method.The results showed that the double-layer liners could form well-shaped jets.The errors between the X-ray test results and the numerical results were within 11.07%.A slug-retrieval test was found that the retrieved slug was similar to a numerically simulated slug.Compared with the traditional pure copper shaped charge jet,the penetration depth of the double-layer shaped charge liner increased by 11.4% and>10.8% respectively.In summary,the test results are good,and the numerical simulation is in good agreement with the test,which verified the feasibility of using the CVD method to fabricate double-layer charge liners with a high-density and high-strength refractory metal as the inner liner.

Anlotinib in combination with pembrolizumab for low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the pancreas: A case report

BACKGROUND Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma(LGMS)is a rare spindle cell sarcoma espe-cially in the pancreas,with myofibroblastic differentiation.Hitherto,only a few cases have been reported.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case involving the discovery of a pancreatic mass detected during a routine physical examination.Subsequent imaging and pathological tests of the patient led to the diagnosis of LGMS of the pancreas.Following surgical intervention,the patient experienced recurrence and metastasis.Conventional treatment is not effective for postoperative recurrent pancreatic LGMS with multiple metastases.After communicating with the patients and their families,informed consent was obtained for the treatment of anlotinib combined with pembrolizumab.Evaluation of imaging and clinical symptoms post-treatment revealed a relatively favorable response to the combination of anlotinib and pembrolizumab.CONCLUSION Based on the comprehensive literature review,our report aimed to provide evidence for a better understanding of the disease characteristics,diagnostic criteria,imaging findings,and identification of LGMS.And explore novel treatment strategies for this disease.