Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind conditions.To suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray images.In this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is maximized.Two assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause curvature.We create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson noise.We then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea ks.From the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground truth.Our method estimates RS with an accuracy of<0.3 RE when the solar wind density exceeds>10 cm-3.The accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic fields.The method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field turnings.Consequently,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the dayside reconnection modes for dynamic solar wind conditions.This technique will suppo rt the LEXI and SMILE missions in achieving their scientific o bjectives.

Uncertainties of landslide susceptibility prediction: Influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors and errors reduction by low pass filter method

In the existing landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)models,the influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors on LSP are not considered,instead the original conditioning factors are directly taken as the model inputs,which brings uncertainties to LSP results.This study aims to reveal the influence rules of the different proportional random errors in conditioning factors on the LSP un-certainties,and further explore a method which can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors.The original conditioning factors are firstly used to construct original factors-based LSP models,and then different random errors of 5%,10%,15% and 20%are added to these original factors for con-structing relevant errors-based LSP models.Secondly,low-pass filter-based LSP models are constructed by eliminating the random errors using low-pass filter method.Thirdly,the Ruijin County of China with 370 landslides and 16 conditioning factors are used as study case.Three typical machine learning models,i.e.multilayer perceptron(MLP),support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),are selected as LSP models.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are discussed and results show that:(1)The low-pass filter can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors to decrease the LSP uncertainties.(2)With the proportions of random errors increasing from 5%to 20%,the LSP uncertainty increases continuously.(3)The original factors-based models are feasible for LSP in the absence of more accurate conditioning factors.(4)The influence degrees of two uncertainty issues,machine learning models and different proportions of random errors,on the LSP modeling are large and basically the same.(5)The Shapley values effectively explain the internal mechanism of machine learning model predicting landslide sus-ceptibility.In conclusion,greater proportion of random errors in conditioning factors results in higher LSP uncertainty,and low-pass filter can effectively reduce these random errors.

引题·议题·破题:中职学校思政课教学效率提升路径——以“中国特色社会主义”课程为例

指向价值认同的“引题—议题—破题”教学设计用以解决中职思政课堂教学中存在的边缘化、效果不理想等问题。这种课堂教学模式的核心在于激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性,引导学生思考和讨论特定议题,并将学科知识与实际问题相结合,使其深入理解和应用所学内容,形成批判性思维、“匠人”精神,同时提高问题解决能力、团队合作和沟通能力。具体策略有:把握社会关切引发议题,根据教学目标展现议题,创设问题情境剖析议题,开展相应活动解决议题,聚焦核心素养升华议题。

A Passive Low-Pass Filter on Low-Loss Substrate

The loss mechanisms of different passive devices （on-chip inductors and capacitors） on different substrates are analyzed and compared. OPS （oxidized porous silicon） and HR （high-resistivity） substrates are used as low-loss substrates for on-chip planar LPF （low pass filter） fabrication. For the study of substrate loss, a planar coil inductor is also designed. Simulation results show that Q （the quality factor） of the inductor on both substrates is over 20. Measurements of the LPF on OPS substrate give a - 3dB bandwidth of 2.9GHz and a midband insertion loss of 0.87dB at 500MHz. The LPF on HR substrate gives a - 3dB bandwidth of 2.3GHz and a midband insertion loss of 0.42dB at 500MHz.

Design of a compact low-pass filter with wide stopband

This paper presents a novel low-pass filter （LPF） with sharp rejection, wide stopband and compact size, which are realized by the defected ground structure （DGS） and the defected microstrip structure （DMS）. The equivalent circuit model is proposed and the circuit parameters are extracted by the circuit simulation software. The parameters measured are 3 dB cutoff frequency fc of 5.2 GHz, the insertion loss less than 0.5 dB from DC to 4.0 GHz and S21 less than -20 dB within the wide stopband from 6 GHz to 16 GHz. The results of the circuit optimization agree well with those of the full wave simulation and the measured ones, which validate the effectiveness of the equivalent circuit model. The size of the proposed LPF is decreased compared with normal LPF. This LPF can be applied in rectennas to eliminate high order harmonics.

Design of low-pass filter based on a novel defected ground structure

A novel defected ground structure （DGS） for the microstrip line is proposed in this paper. The DGS lattice has more defect parameters so that it can provide better performance than the conventional dumbbell-shaped DGS. Selectivity is improved by 97.2% with a sharpness factor of 24.6%. The method is applied to the design of a low-pass filter to confirm validity of the proposed DGS.

Compact Metamaterial Microstrip Low-Pass Filter

Complimentary hexagonal-omega structures are used to design compact, low insertion loss (IL), low pass filter with sharp cut-off. It has been designed for improvement of roll-off performance based on both μ and ε negative property of the complimentary hex-omega structure while maintaining the filter pass-band performance. By properly designing and loading the hexagonal-omega structure in the ground of microstrip line not only improve the roll-off of the low pass filter, but also reduced the filter size. The simulated results indicate that the proposed filter achieves a flat pass band with no ripples as well as selectivity of 19.68 dB/GHz, corresponding to 5-unit cells hex-omega structures. This significantly exceeds the 5.6 dB/GHz selectivity of the conventional low pass filter design, due to sub-lambda dimensions of the hex-omega structure. A prototype filter implementing area is: 0.712λg x 0.263λg, λg being the guided wavelength at 3-dB cut-off frequency (fc). The proposed filter has a size smaller by 36.2%.

Microstrip Low-Pass Elliptic Filter Design Based on Implicit Space Mapping Optimization

It is a time-consuming and often iterative procedure to determine design parameters based on fine, accurate but expensive, models. To decrease the number of fine model evaluations, space mapping techniques may be employed. In this approach, it is assumed both fine model and coarse, fast but inaccurate, one are available. First, the coarse model is optimized to obtain design parameters satisfying design objectives. Next, auxiliary parameters are calibrated to match coarse and fine models’ responses. Then, the improved coarse model is re-optimized to obtain new design parameters. The design procedure is stopped when a satisfactory solution is reached. In this paper, an implicit space mapping method is used to design a microstrip low-pass elliptic filter. Simulation results show that only two fine model evaluations are sufficient to get satisfactory results.

Comparative Study of Low-Pass Filter and Phase-Locked Loop Type Speed Filters for Sensorless Control of AC Drives

High quality speed information is one of the key issues in machine sensorless drives,which often requires proper filtering of the estimated speed.This paper comparatively studies typical low-pass filters(LPF)and phase-locked loop(PLL)type filters with respect to ramp speed reference tracking and steady-state performances,as well as the achievement of adaptive cutoff frequency control.An improved LPF-based filter structure with no ramping and steady-state errors caused by filter parameter quantization effects is proposed,which is suitable for applying LPF for sensorless drives of AC machines,especially when fixed-point digital signal processor is selected e.g.in mass production.Furthermore,the potential of adopting PLL for speed filtering is explored.It is demonstrated that PLL type filters can well maintain the advantages offered by the improved LPF.Moreover,it is found that the PLL type filters exhibit almost linear relationship between the cutoff frequency of the PLL filter and its proportional-integral(PI)gains,which can ease the realization of speed filters with adaptive cutoff frequency for improving the speed transient performance.The proposed filters are verified experimentally.The PLL type filter with adaptive cutoff frequency can provide satisfactory performances under various operating conditions and is therefore recommended.

玉米果穗主要性状与产量间的相关与通径分析

对玉米果穗主要性状与产量间进行了相关通径分析,结果表明,穗长等8个果穗主要性状与产量的相关系数和通径系数除秃尖外,其余均为正值。其中,穗行数对子粒产量的直接通径系数达到1.30042,行粒数达到0.90382。因此,为获得高产玉米品种,应着重注意穗行数和行粒数较多的基因型,同时要协调好穗行数与穗长、粒深、行粒数、百粒重和出籽率以及行粒数与秃尖和穗粗之间的关系。

静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障的振动特征与故障诊断

基于最小试验故障模的诊断原则,在静载荷滑动轴承试验台上,采用从液体润滑状态逐步向干摩擦状态过渡的方法,模拟了不同工况轴颈与轴承接触摩擦故障的发生、发展过程,然后对振动信号的故障特征进行分析,并提取出诊断特征参数.为使故障诊断尽可能快捷方便,易于现场推广和实用,将特征参数进行了归一化处理,即将故障时的特征参数除以同工况下正常时的特征参数,得到无量纲特征参数,然后再将若干个无量纲特征参数进行适当的数学组合,组成无量纲诊断准则,避免了模式识别建立标准模的困难.结果表明:无量纲诊断准则对工况不敏感,而对故障更敏感,可用于变工况下工作的滑动轴承故障诊断,且诊断成本较低.

湖北白猪屠宰测定性状的主成分分析

通过对湖北白猪90个样本屠宰测定资料的11个变量的主成分分析,选取了累计贡献率达82.2%的前6个主成分进行了分析,并对前4个主成分进行了探讨,提出了利用主成分来评价胴体品质的方法.

高产多抗玉米新品种衡单168的选育及特征特性

新品种衡单168是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所选育的高产多抗优质玉米新品种,2007年1月通过天津市审定(津审玉2006002),在适宜地区推广。该品种增产潜力大,抗病虫性强,适应性广,活秆成熟,是粮饲兼用的适宜品种。

一个善于体会贾母心理的“心理学家”——王熙凤巧言令色的性格特征论析

王熙凤善于花言巧语讨好人 ,尤其懂得讨好贾母的重要。对贾母 ,她主要采用了借彼喻此、指陋说美、似贬实褒、以逆为迎和明嗔暗喜等手法 ,进行了多方面的恭维 ,因而她倍受贾母的喜欢 ,从而巩固了自己在大家族中的地位。这种巧言令色之术不值得提倡 ,但《红楼梦》借此刻画了人物性格 ,揭示了人物关系 。

平行-混合排列透反式液晶显示模式的原理研究

为了同时获得具有高透射率和反射率的液晶显示器,提出了一种采用平行排列模式与混合排列模式相搭配的单倍盒间距的透反式液晶显示模式.基于液晶盒的初始取向,反射区为混合排列模式,其光程差为透射区平行排列模式的一半.利用单轴膜补偿的方法可以实现宽光谱响应,并且采用不同相位延迟的补偿膜可以使器件工作于常黑模式和常白模式.模拟结果表明:两种工作模式均可实现宽光谱响应,透射与反射电光响应曲线基本趋于一致;在40°方位角度范围内具有很好的可视特性,无灰度反转.

沪博楚竹简《孔子诗论》"■"字考释

本文将文献材料和古音学相结合,考释《孔子诗论》中的一组词语。认为"(？)"即吝字。

玉米种质资源品质性状的分析

对河北省搜集、引进、选育的210份玉米种质资源的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉含量进行了测定分析；对品质性状与农艺性状的相关性、品质性状间的相关性及品质性状与农艺性状的聚合作了研究与探讨。结果表明，河北省玉米种质资源的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉平均含量分别为12．53％，5．0％，67．4％；不同品质性状间、不同品质性状与不同农艺性状间的相关关系和相关程度不同。粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量之间里显著正相关关系，粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与总淀粉合量之间呈极显著负相关关系；粗蛋白含量与农艺性状（除穗行数外）里显著或机显著负相关关系，粗脂肪含量与农艺性状间正负相关均存在，但相关程度很弱，总淀粉含量与农艺性状（除穗行数外）间呈显著或极显著正相关关系。高蛋白与大粒性、矮秆性、早熟性、高油分与高产性等通过定向选育的方法可以聚合。

Research on SINS Alignment Algorithm Based on FIR Filters

An inertial frame based alignment (IFBA) method is presented, especially for the applications on a rocking platform, e.g., marine applications. Defining the initial body frame as the inertial frame, the IFBA method achieves the alignment by virtue of a cascade of low-pass FIR filters, which attenuate the disturbing acceleration and maintain the gravity vector. The aligning time rests with the orders of the FIR filter group, and the method is suitable for large initial misalignment case. An alignment scheme comprising a coarse phase by the IFBA method and a fine phase by a Kalman filter is presented. Both vehicle-based and ship-based alignment experiments were carried out. The results show that the proposed scheme converges much faster than the traditional method at no cost of precision and also works well under any large initial misalignment.

Vertical structure and seasonal variation of tidal and residual currents in the northern Huanghai Sea

Analysis of tidal current and sea level has been made based on the observations from the summer of 2006 to the winter of 2007,respectively.The result indicates that a two-layer structure of residual current exists in summer,with its upper layer going northwestward and the lower layer southeastward.In addition,some strong residuals exist in the neighboring depth of the pycnocline during the current period of astronomical tide.In winter,except some individual layersthe residual currents mostly direct to the northwest,from which we can see the fluctuation of abnormal sea-level and the appearance of associated current because of the changes of the wind field.The analysis of tidal ellipse indicates that the direction of the maximum semidiurnal component is clockwise from summer to winter,with an angle of 16-18.Moreover,in summer the semidiurnal component rotates with depth clockwise while the diurnal component counterclockwise.However,the vertical structure is almost homogeneous in winter.

Memristor bridge-based low pass filter for image processing

This paper highlights the memristor bridge-based lowpass filter (LPF) and improved image processing algorithms along with a novel adaptive Gaussian filter for denoising image and a new Gaussian pyramid for scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). First, a novel kind of LPF based on the memristor bridge is designed, whose cut-off frequency and other traits are demonstrated to change with different time and memristance. In light of the changeable parameter of the memristor bridge-based LPF, a new adaptive Gaussian filter and an improved SIFT algorithm are presented. Finally, experiment results show that the peak signalto- noise ratio (PSNR) of our denoising is bettered more than 2.77 dB compared to the corresponding of the traditional Gaussian filter, and our improved SIFT performances including the number of matched feature points and the percent of correct matches are higher than the traditional SIFT, which verifies feasibility and effectiveness of our algorithm.