Low-power emerging memristive designs towards secure hardware systems for applications in internet of things

Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and inmemory computing(IMC),but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security applications in the era of internet of things(IoT).In this review article,for achieving secure hardware systems in IoT,lowpower design techniques based on emerging memristive technology for hardware security primitives/systems are presented.By reviewing the state-of-the-art in three highlighted memristive application areas,i.e.memristive non-volatile memory,memristive reconfigurable logic computing and memristive artificial intelligent computing,their application-level impacts on the novel implementations of secret key generation,crypto functions and machine learning attacks are explored,respectively.For the low-power security applications in IoT,it is essential to understand how to best realize cryptographic circuitry using memristive circuitries,and to assess the implications of memristive crypto implementations on security and to develop novel computing paradigms that will enhance their security.This review article aims to help researchers to explore security solutions,to analyze new possible threats and to develop corresponding protections for the secure hardware systems based on low-cost memristive circuit designs.

Campus Information Network Hardware System Design

The emphasis of constructing and developing the campus information network is how to design and optimize the network hardware system. This paper mainly studies the network system structure design, the server system structure design and the network export design, and discusses the network hardware system design and optimization for different scale universities according to different practical demand. The objective is that the network hardware system can meet the demand and have been made full use.

Design of Low-Power Data Logger of Deep Sea for Long-Term Field Observation

This paper describes the implementation of a data logger for the real-time in-situ monitoring of hydrothermal systems. A compact mechanical structure ensures the security and reliability of data logger when used under deep sea. The data logger is a battery powered instrument, which can connect chemical sensors （pH electrode, H2S electrode, H2 electrode） and temperature sensors. In order to achieve major energy savings, dynamic power management is implemented in hardware design and software design. The working current of the data logger in idle mode and active mode is 15 μA and 1.44 mA respectively, which greatly extends the working time of battery. The data logger has been successftdly tested in the first Sino-American Cooperative Deep Submergence Project from August 13 to September 3, 2005.

Depth estimation system suitable for hardware design

Depth estimation is an active research area with the developing of stereo vision in recent years. It is one of the key technologies to resolve the large data of stereo vision communication. Now depth estimation still has some problems, such as occlusion, fuzzy edge, real-time processing, etc. Many algorithms have been proposed base on software, however the performance of the computer configurations limits the software processing speed. The other resolution is hardware design and the great developments of the digital signal processor （DSP）, and application specific integrated circuit （ASIC） and field programmable gate array （FPGA） provide the opportunity of flexible applications. In this work, by analyzing the procedures of depth estimation, the proper algorithms which can be used in hardware design to execute real-time depth estimation are proposed. The different methods of calibration, matching and post-processing are analyzed based on the hardware design requirements. At last some tests for the algorithm have been analyzed. The results show that the algorithms proposed for hardware design can provide credited depth map for further view synthesis and are suitable for hardware design.

Design of a Hardware-Implemented Phase Calculating System for Feedback Control in the LHCD Experiments on EAST

A fully hardware-implemented phase calculating system for the feedback control in the lower-hybrid current drive （LHCD） experiments is presented in this paper. By taking advantages of field programmable gate array （FPGA） chips with embedded digital signal processing （DSP） cores and the Matlab-aided design method, the phase calculating algorithm with a square root operation and parallel process are efficiently implemented in a single FPGA chip to complete the calculation of phase differences fast and accurately in the lower-hybrid wave （LHW） system on EAST.

New Approach for Hardware/Software Embedded System Conception Based on the Use of Design Patterns

This paper deals with a new hardware/software embedded system design methodology based on design pattern approach by development of a new design tool called smartcell. Three main constraints of embedded systems design process are investigated: the complexity, the partitioning between hardware and software aspects and the reusability. Two intermediate models are carried out in order to solve the complexity problem. The partitioning problem deals with the proposed hardware/software partitioning algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimisation. The reusability problem is resolved by synthesis of intellectual property blocks. Specification and integration of an intelligent controller on heterogeneous platform are considered to illustrate the proposed approach.

Dynamic Power Dissipation Control Method for Real-Time Processors Based on Hardware Multithreading

In order to eliminate the energy waste caused by the traditional static hardware multithreaded processor used in real-time embedded system working in the low workload situation, the energy efficiency of the hardware multithread is discussed and a novel dynamic multithreaded architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture saves the energy wasted by removing idle threads without manipulation on the original architecture, fulfills a seamless switching mechanism which protects active threads and avoids pipeline stall during power mode switching. The report of an implemented dynamic multithreaded processor with 45 nm process from synthesis tool indicates that the area of dynamic multithreaded architecture is only 2.27% higher than the static one in achieving dynamic power dissipation, and consumes 1.3% more power in the same peak performance.

虚拟现实技术在数字媒体交互中的应用

相比于传统媒体技术,数字媒体采用更多的先进技术,是信息量大、操作体验感好、支持用户更多的主动操作。虚拟现实技术可以提供良好的体验感、满意度、实时性,对于数字媒体技术交互过程的改变具有重要的意义。该文首先从硬件角度分析基于虚拟现实技术的数字媒体交互采用的设备,包括计算机设备、头盔、手套、手柄、运动捕捉、模拟驾驶和全息现实等。其次从软件角度分析基于虚拟现实技术的数字媒体交互的设计流程和框架,包括虚拟现实软件平台、模拟和交互软件、内容开发工具等软件环境的支持等。性能测试实验结果显示,基于虚拟现实的数字媒体交互过程设计,最终用户使用满意度达到95%以上,实时性提高12%以上。

新能源汽车的驱动电机系统研究和设计

通过改变新能源汽车的能源消耗方式,能提高节能减排工作效果,促进新能源开发利用工作顺利进行,保证社会经济实现可持续发展。科学技术的发展决定着新能源汽车的研发进程,驱动电机系统作为新能源汽车的关键点,涉及新能源汽车研发的核心技术,相关人员要注重新能源汽车的驱动电机系统研究和设计,提高设计的合理性。

低浓度含氧煤层气净化控制系统设计

低浓度含氧煤层气直接含氧液化精馏制液化天然气(LNG),在充分利用低浓度煤层气的同时又避免了煤矿瓦斯气直接排放造成的大气污染。首先,分析了含氧煤层气制LNG工艺中净化工段的工艺流程,结合工艺要求设计了可靠的控制系统。然后,根据低浓度含氧煤层气净化控制的工艺要求和系统规模,构建了分布式控制系统(DCS)的总体架构。在此基础上进行了硬件系统功能的选型及配置,以及对DCS软件的组态设计。最后,实现了DCS在工程实例中的一体化应用。该系统的应用提高了生产效率和产品质量,为工艺流程的稳定运行提供了安全保障。

触觉代偿理论下的视障儿童绘画玩具设计实践

探究触觉代偿介入下的视障儿童绘画玩具系统设计,创新视障儿童的绘画体验。通过文献研究法得出当前国内外触觉代偿相关研究现状,基于文献及市场调研分析得到视障儿童玩具设计的现状分析,进而得出当前视障儿童玩具对于触觉代偿的设计需求,并归纳出视障儿童绘画玩具系统的设计路径及框架。以使视障儿童绘画行为形成正向有益的良性循环为目标,基于前期研究得出的设计路径及框架,进行视障儿童绘画玩具系统设计实践。触觉代偿指导下的视障儿童绘画玩具系统能够改善并提升视障儿童绘画历程中的综合体验,同时为视障儿童提供了一个新的感知世界和表达自我的视角。

实物在环实时仿真教学法研究

新工科背景下,为培养学生创新实践能力,建设国家级一流本科课程,提出了一种新型的适用于电子技术基础课程的教学方法——实物在环实时仿真教学法,应用于北航数字电子技术基础课程。通过口袋仪器和实际硬件进行数字电路设计,可解决虚拟仿真的真实性问题,培养学生解决复杂工程问题的能力;通过虚拟仪器展示波形,使知识难点可视化,有助于学生更快、更深刻理解。实践表明,这种方法取得了良好的教学效果,提高了教学质量。通过该教学方法学生获得了更丰富的学习体验,培养了创新实践能力。

对海检测板的国产化设计

介绍了某雷达对海检测板的国产化设计,对可编程阵列逻辑(FPGA)和总线驱动芯片周围部分硬件电路进行重新设计,对软件语言进行翻译,并完成了整机试验验证。新设计的对海检测板国产化率达到100%。

基于视觉传感器的智能小车设计与实践

为更好地参加全国大学生智能汽车竞赛,本文提出一套以LPC54608为核心的智能小车系统,设计并制作了硬件电路系统。以单目摄像头为主要传感器,联动其他传感器对赛道情况进行系统感知,提取目标路径并进行优化,而后根据车辆结构设计控制算法来跟踪目标路径。实验测试结果表明,小车在2.4m/s的速度之下能正确识别各种赛道路径,并且在赛道上可以稳定行驶。

基于AHP和QFD的学龄前儿童植物生长认知产品设计

获取学龄前儿童对植物生长认知产品的真实需求,找到需求与设计特征的对应关系,并完成一款学龄前儿童植物生长认知产品设计。文章使用SET模型分析设计的必要性,通过KJ法调研、分析并整理用户需求,利用AHP层次分析法量化用户各项需求权重,采用QFD质量功能展开将用户需求转化为产品设计特征并排序。依据需求和设计特征排序,完成一款“线上App”+“线下硬件”的学龄前儿童植物生长认知产品设计。该套设计流程可为学龄前儿童产品设计与开发提供参考。

成像制导导弹试验鉴定半实物仿真系统设计与应用

围绕陆军常规红外成像制导导弹试验鉴定仿真实验需求,对仿真系统进行了特点分析,设计了红外成像制导导弹试验鉴定半实物仿真实验系统。解决了系统通用化设计、异构通讯数据快速迭代开发、高辐射红外干扰双通道耦合仿真、高精度定时与时间同步、复杂战场环境生成等关键技术。通过典型反坦克和直升机机载导弹等试验,进行了应用验证。系统可用于红外成像制导导弹鉴定仿真实验,为武器系统实战化考核、极限边界性能和抗干扰性能试验等提供有力支撑。

HEVC自适应去方块滤波器的VLSI设计与实现

去方块滤波是高效视频编码(HEVC)的重要组成部分,能够有效地改善编码图像的主观质量,是提升视频整体编码性能的重要手段之一.针对HEVC硬件编码器中去方块滤波技术复杂度较高的问题,为了在节省资源消耗的同时减少处理周期,改善滤波效率,提出HEVC自适应去方块滤波的硬件算法和VLSI架构.首先基于HEVC编码结构的边界规则,提出一种无需递归循环计算的快速边界判断算法,降低硬件实现的复杂度;然后基于上述边界判断结果,提出一种可自主选择滤波边界进行去方块滤波的4级流水结构,减少滤波处理周期;最后将亮度和色度并行滤波,设计一种高度并行且兼容共享的存储架构,改善滤波效率且节约存储资源消耗.实验结果表明,在TSMC90 nm工艺下,所设计的去方块滤波结构的硬件面积比已有结构减少60%左右,并且最高能达到250 MHz的工作频率,可满足8K@60帧/s的超高清视频的实时编码.

轻量化高效目标检测平台的设计

基于人工智能的目标检测算法作为安防监控、辅助驾驶等方向的核心技术,其在边缘端的应用落地已成为研究热点。一方面,目标检测网络计算量大、参数量多,往往占据器件的大量资源;另一方面,目标检测应用的落地普遍需要满足高效、实时性等要求。针对实际应用场景中以上问题的考量,提出了可增强小目标检测能力的带有旁路(Bypass)的目标检测网络模型,并面向边缘端落地对该模型进行了轻量化和高效并行化设计。其中,轻量化设计方面,运用了深度可分离卷积、BRAM复用、多精度参数等多种优化策略;高效并行化方面,在多尺度上对输入输出通道、卷积核进行了并行化设计。在PYNQ框架下,完成了轻量化高效目标检测平台的搭建,实现帧率达到44.5 FPS、IoU为0.68的检测性能,满足了边缘端落地的需求。

差速轮式移动机器人控制系统设计

差速轮式移动机器人在现代自动化和智能化领域中扮演着愈发关键的角色。为满足不断增长的自动化需求,该文设计一款用于室外环境的差速轮式移动机器人控制系统,该系统综合考虑电源系统、驱动系统、传感器系统、人机交互系统和通信系统的设计,以支持运动控制、环境感知、定位、人机交互和远程通信等核心功能,通过软硬件设计,最终实现可靠稳定的差速轮式移动机器人控制系统。经过测试,各项功能正常,实现预期目标,可为机器人技术进一步发展和应用奠定坚实的基础。

空调系统电气控制单元设计与仿真

空调设备是夏季防暑、冬季防寒的重要设备,对北方和南方的居住环境适宜度调节都具有非常重要的作用。常规控制方法作用之下,空调系统存在响应速度慢,系统满载运行功率高、能源浪费等突出问题。该文针对空调设备的电气控制进行系统研究,并开展相应的实验验证。首先对空调系统的组成结构和工作原理进行分析,给出基于STM32嵌入式电气控制系统的硬件结构和软件设计方案,并给出空调制冷过程、冷却过程、蒸发器工作过程对应的算法模型。实验以5组空调设备为实验对象,以常规控制方法为参照方法,证实在该方法控制作用下,空调设备可以实现快速的功率效应,并且具有较低的满载运行功率,从而达到有效的节能效果。实验结果充分证明该文设计的空调系统电气控制硬件和软件的有效性。