A Candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Precambrian——Cambrian Boundary at Meishucun,Yunnan,China

This paper gives the detail description of Meishucun section , Yunnan , China . By studying biotic characteristics , analyzing isotopic age and comparing with the main Precambrian - Cambrian boundary sections in the world , we construct a global stratotype section and a point for the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary at Meishucun , which are of the convenient assessibility , abundant fossils of diverse groups , continuous sedimentation . perfect outcropping , lock of tectonic and metamorphic alteration , and have been deep studied in all related disciplines of sciences .

A Potential Candidate For the Middle-Upper Cambrian Boundary Stratotype——An Introduction to the Paibi Section in Huayuan,Hunan

The Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is one of the current stratigraphical problems which remain openin the geological world, since there have been no universally acknowledged delimiting standard and stratotype.Acting on the instruction of Profs. Lu Yanhao and An Taixiang the author studied in details the Paibi Section,which is well exposed as a continuous sequence at an easily accessible locality. The Middle-Upper Cambrianboundary strata are composed of biocalcimicrosparite, indicating the sedimentary environment of anunderwater upheaval on the gentle slope along the frontal margin of the Yangtze carbonate platform. For the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian agnostid trilobite zones and conodont zones are erected,and a more accurate correlation between the trilobite and conodont sequences is established. Based on these,the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is drawn more reasonably and precisely than what was done before. Inshort, the section studied is superior to other known sections of Middle-Upper Cambrian. and it will probablybe an ideal candidate for the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary stratotype.

GEOLOGICAL MARKS OF A POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT EVENT ON THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN SINIAN/CAMBRIAN IN TIANMENSHAN IN WESTERN HUNAN

Geologic marks related to extraterrestrial impact events, such as impact split gravels, impact brecciate layers, impact dikes, microirghizites, microtektites, especially meteoritic residues, were discovered on the boundary between Sinian/Cambrian at Tianmenshan of Western Hunan, which may possibly demonstrate that an extraterrestrial impact event has ever occurred there on the S/C boundary.

Discovery of Trace Fossils from the Sinian-Cambrian Boundary Beds in Eastern Yunnan and Their Significance for Global Correlation

There are abundant and highly varied trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in eastern Yunnan. Collections from 27 sections and their study give altogether 45 ichnogenera and 87 ichnospecies. Among them, 2 ichnogenera and 7 ichnospecies are new, and 31 known ichnogenera and 38 known ichnospecies first found in the region. According to their order of appearance in the boundary beds and their assemblage features, the trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in the region may fall into 4 trace fossil assemblage zones in ascending order. In the paper they are correlated with those in the equivalent horizons abroad and their geological significance is discussed preliminarily.

Carbon Isotope Features of the Sugetbrak Section in the Aksu-Wushi Area, Northwest China: Implications for the Precambrian/Cambrian Stratigraphic Correlations

The upper Qigeblaq Formation （Fm） dolostones and the Yurtus Fm phosphatic cherts, black shales, limestones, and dolostones are widely distributed in the Precambrian/Cambrian transitional succession of the Aksu-Wushi area. Negative δ13C excursion above the Yurtus Fm/ Qigeblaq Fm boundary was determined in this study. The pronounced negative carbon isotope excursion occurs in the phosphatic chert layers at the bottom of the Cambrian Yurtus Fm, below which the first appearance of the Asteridium- Heh＇osphaeridium-Comasphaeridium （AHC） acritarch assemblage zone. The δ13C curve of the lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Aksu-Wushi area was found to be correlated with the early Cambrian δ13C curves of the Zhujiaqing Fm （Daibu Member）, the lower part of the Yanjiahe Fm on the Yangtze Platform in China, the lower Tal Fm in India, the Sukharikha Fm in Siberia, and the upper part of the Tsagaan Oloom Fm in Mongolia through biostigraphy. The lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Tarim Basin is at the Nemakit-Daldynian stage, and the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary of the Aksu-Wushi area may be located in the phosphatic chert unit which just below the first appearance AHC acritarch assemblage zone. The negative δ13C excursion （N1） across the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the studied section may have resulted from oceanic overturning and sea level rise.

Cambrian Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Cycles of North China Platform

The Cambrian of the North China platform consists chiefly of shallow water deposits and shows the sedimentary characters of an epicontinental sea basin. Controlled mainly by global sea level changes and sedimentary influx, the depositional sequences all exhibit as composite sequences. From bottom upward, 14 sequences (3rd order) are recognized, which may be grouped into 5 sequence sets and further into 2 mesosequences (2nd order). It is suggested herein that the Cambrian/Ordovician boundary may better be set at the MFS (maximum flooding surface) of the sequence OSq1, above which the conodont Cordylodus lindstroemi occurs. This position is about 40 m above the traditional Cambrian/Ordovician boundary and is within the Yeli Formation.

Stratigraphical and biological significance of negative carbon isotopic anomalies in the basal Cambrian series of Guizhou Province

The early Early Cambrian strata within the bounds of Guizhou Province are almost predominated by black shale deposition. Recently, however, the authors have found a section consisting of a set of mudstones interbedded with limestones at the basement of the Cambrian at Yingping, Fuquan County, Guizhou Province, which provides favorable conditions for the study of marine geochemical characteristics of the early Early Cambrian. The characteristics of intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary at Yingping, Fuquan County, Guizhou Province, can be correlated with those of global carbon isotopic anomalies at the same time on a global scale, corresponding to the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Neoproterozoic/Cambrian boundaries at the bottom of the Xiaowaitoushan Member, Huize, Yunnan Province, at the top of the Tsagaan Oloom Formation of Mongolia and at the top of the Salarmy Gol Formation of Siberia, as well as those observed in southwestern United States, Iran, Amman, Poland, Newfoundland, the Great Britain, Canada, etc. Negative carbon isotopic anomalies can be used as the important basis for the division of the Precambrian/Cambrian boundaries. There have been found 8 m-thick black shales and cherts below the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies in this profile. In the black shales there have been found large amounts of fossils such as Bradorida, gernus Archotuba, indicating that during the period of sedimentation of black shales under anaerobic conditions there would be large quantities of organic species living in the sea. But in the section of grayish-green mudstones interbedded with limestones with intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies almost no organic fossil has been found. This may imply that the anaerobic event seems to have little bearing on the mass extinction near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary, whereas the intense negative carbon isotopic anomaly event appears to be more closely related to the mass extinction occurring near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.

Microfossils from the Chert in the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation at Miaohe, Zigui, Hubei Province

This paper reports for the first time on the microfossils discovered in the black cherts of the basal part of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation at Miaohe village, Zigui County, Hubei Province, all of which were observed in thin sections. Nine genera, 9 species and 3 indeterminate species (including a new species) are described. According to these microfossils, the conclusion is made that the microfossil zone may be equivalent to the small shelly fossil assemblage zones 2—3 of the Meishucun stage. They have provided another important line of evidence for the correlation of the Sinian-Cambrian boundary strata with those of the adjacent areas.

New Progress on Studies of the Lower-Middle Devonian Boundary in South China

The controversies on the division and correlation of the Devonian have never stopped since Lonsodale found and named the Devonian at Devonshire, Britain, especially on the determination and correlation of the Lower-Middle Devonian Boundary. The correlation between the different areas and sedimentary facies are still an international question although the international stratotype section has already been established. Recently,

贵州寒武系底部碳同位素负异常的地层学和生物学意义

贵州境内早寒武世早期几乎都是黑色页岩沉积。最近在贵州福泉英坪寒武系底部却发现了一套泥岩夹薄层灰岩,它为研究早寒武世早期海洋地球化学特征提供了条件。贵州福泉英坪前寒武系—寒武系界线附近的碳同位素强烈的负异常特征可与全球同期碳同位素进行对比,它对应于中国云南会泽小歪头山段底部、蒙古Tsagaan Oloom组顶部、西伯利亚Salarrny Gol组顶部、美国西南、伊朗、安曼、波兰、纽芬兰、英国、加拿大等地新元古代—寒武纪界线附近的强烈碳同位素负异常,它可作为划分前寒武系—寒武系界线重要依据。该剖面上碳同位素强烈负异常之下有8m厚的黑色页岩和硅质岩,在黑色页岩中发现有大量高肌虫和虫管化石,说明缺氧的黑色页岩沉积期间海洋中有大量的生物生活,但到了灰绿色泥岩和灰岩互层的碳同位素强烈负异常层段,则几乎没有生物化石。可以说缺氧事件对前寒武系—寒武系界线附近生物绝灭事件似乎没有很大的影响,而碳同位素强烈的负异常事件与前寒武系—寒武系界线附近生物大绝灭关系更为密切。

贵州中、下寒武统界线层型候选剖面地球化学特征研究

在贵州台江八郎凯里组中、下寒武统界线层型候选剖面上,对中、下寒武统界线剖面沉积岩地球化学特征进行了研究,发现沉积岩中的微量元素含量和稀土元素分布模式沿剖面的变化均具规律性,元素反映的沉积环境也具类似特点。剖面微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征在界线剖面12～13层之间变化明显,突变点主要分布在这两层样品中。因此,将八郎界线剖面上中、下寒武统界线置于剖面12～13层之间。

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序界面类型划分及其意义

塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩储层是增储上产的重要领域。然而按照经典模式划分的碳酸盐岩层序,在生产中与目标优选及开发方式结合并不紧密,进而影响了实际生产。因此,根据不同的层序界面成因(即构造、暴露剥蚀、成岩强度等),结合塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩野外露头、地震剖面、测井曲线和岩心资料等综合因素,把海相碳酸盐岩层序界面划分为5种类型:即Ⅰ型(晚期强烈隆起喀斯特型)、Ⅱ型(早期强制海退剥蚀微喀斯特型)、Ⅲ型(早期溶蚀-弱剥蚀台地边缘型)、Ⅳ型(准同生间歇暴露浅水礁滩型)和Ⅴ型(同生无暴露碳酸盐岩台地型)。虽然不同界面类型的成因和储层特征迥异,但是依据地震、测井、钻井、岩心等现场资料很容易划分。这套层序划分可操作性强,在有利区带选择、油气高效富集区优选、开发井井型选择等方面均有很现实的生产指导意义。

湖北秭归庙河早寒武世水井沱组燧石层中的微化石

本文首次报道了湖北秭归庙河早寒武世水井沱组底部,燧石层岩石薄片中发现的徽化石9个属、9个种和3个未定种(包括1个新种)。依据这些化石材料,论证了本区水井沱组底部这一化石层位可能相当梅树村阶小壳化石第2—3组合带。为解决本区震旦系—寒武系界线地层的对比,提供了极为重要的古生物依据。

塔里木盆地寒武系层序界面特征及其油气地质意义

以塔里木盆地寒武系为研究对象,通过对盆地西北缘柯坪塔格地区、东北缘库鲁克塔格地区及西南缘寒武系野外剖面详细观测及盆内TS1井,YQ6井等钻井岩心详细观察,根据各类测试分析成果,共识别出6种类型的层序界面,它们分别是:①古风化壳,②渣状层,③古喀斯特作用面,④超覆面,⑤岩性、岩相转换面,⑥最大海泛面。在各类层序界面特征详细研究基础上,将上述界面归结为4种成因类型,分别是:造山侵蚀层序不整合界面,隆升侵蚀层序不整合界面,海侵上超层序不整合界面和陆上暴露层序不整合界面。层序界面成因类型不仅反映了海平面升降速度与构造沉降的耦合关系,而且还反映这两者耦合作用之下形成的物质响应和它们两者之间的本质差别,以及形成这些差别的盆地性质及动力学机制。最后,根据层序界面特征及成因意义,详细论述了层序界面的研究意义,具体表现为:(1)反映盆地性质与演化;(2)控制储层的发育,包括控制岩溶储层和白云岩储层的发育;(3)控制油气的运移;层序界面与裂缝、断裂共同组成了沟通孔隙流体流动的输导系统。

湖北宜昌震旦系-寒武系界线地层Micrhystridium regulare化石的发现及其地层意义

该文记述了国际前寒武系-寒武系界线层型候选剖面所在地,湖北宜昌震旦系-寒武系界线地层中发现的小刺球藻类化石Micrhystridium regulare,regulare,讨论了它们的产出层位及其归属,并对小刺球藻类化石在时间上、空间上的分布作了简要的归纳,最后提出了小刺球藻类化石在震旦系-寒武系界线地层的划分和大区域地层对比中重要的潜在作用。

塔中地区寒武系—下奥陶统白云岩层序不整合面控制的大气水溶蚀作用研究

塔里木盆地塔中地区寒武系—下奥陶统主要为碳酸盐岩沉积,受沉积相的影响,层序不整合面控制的早期大气水溶蚀作用广泛发育。依据岩心、岩石薄片、碳氧稳定同位素分析、锶同位素分析、阴极发光分析等资料的研究,探讨认识了层序不整合面控制的早期大气水溶蚀作用的岩石矿物学特征、地球化学特征及岩溶作用特征,在此基础上,建立了塔中地区寒武系—下奥陶统层序不整合面控制的早期大气水溶蚀作用模式。

中国东部寒武系与奥陶系界线地层的碳氧同位素研究

对我国东部不同地层区一些代表性的寒武系—奥陶系界线层位开展了碳、氧同位素研究。结果表明，由于沉积环境差异和成岩蚀变影响，界线层位的δ１８Ｏ值变化较大，规律性不明显，δ１３Ｃ值变化虽小，但在界线处均发生不同程度漂移。漂移的层位与寒武纪—奥陶纪主要生物群面貌变化的界线相一致。综合各方面资料分析，笔者认为。

华南伊迪卡拉(震旦)系顶部建阶层型和界线层型新资料

新元古代与寒武纪之交,即伊迪卡拉纪—寒武纪过渡期,是地球历史上一个重大的地质突变期,出现了一系列地质环境变化事件和生物快速演化事件。云南东部位于扬子地区西南缘,在前寒武纪—寒武纪过渡期属于开放式浅水台地至台缘斜坡环境,是中国伊迪卡拉(震旦)系顶部与底寒武统基本连续沉积的典型地区,也曾是中国震旦系与寒武系界线层型候选剖面所在地。近年来,在此新发现了更为丰富的宏体藻类化石、遗迹化石和伊迪卡拉生物群的疑似后生动物化石等(江川生物群),以及大量以条带状Shaanxilithes为代表的宏体化石层。相关剖面自下而上从灯影组至磷矿沉积层(中谊村段)出露有连续的宏体化石记录,研究后可以细分伊迪卡拉系顶部灯影峡阶的化石带,并与底寒武统晋宁阶、梅树村阶对接,具有作为标准层型剖面的较大潜力,为伊迪卡拉纪末期年代地层单位的建阶分层、对比及确立层型剖面,以及与寒武纪最早期年代地层的界线划分提供了更为理想的标准。

再论滇东前寒武系与寒武系界线剖面

本文论述了滇东滇池断裂带以东以及滇东北地区连续完整的前寒武系与寒武系界线地层剖面自下而上的层序是旧城段、白岩哨段、“小歪头山段”、待补段、中谊村段、大海段、石岩头段、玉案山段。论证了晋宁王家湾剖面待补段位于“小歪头山段”之上；晋宁梅树村剖面“小歪头山段”磷质条带中的小壳化石是中谊村段向下渗漏的产物，它在岩性上与白岩哨段无多大区别，可归入同一地层段范畴，恢复原命名的白岩哨段涵义。论述了以云南晋宁梅树村剖面为代表的滇池断裂带以西地区前寒武系与寒武系界线地层剖面有沉积间断，缺失了待补段沉积和大海段上部的瘤状白云岩，从而增补了梅树村阶大海段的一个化石带Ｈｅｒａｕｌｔｉｐｅｇｍａｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ，基本上肯定了梅树村阶有四个化石组合带。最新研究表明，滇东前寒武系与寒武系最佳界线地层剖面应是滇东北会泽雨碌和大海剖面。滇东前寒武系与寒武系的界线应放在中谊村段与待补段之间，即最古老的小壳化石组合之底。

湘西中上寒武统界线层型侯选剖面沉积特征

湘西中、上寒武统花桥组和车夫组主要由斜坡相和盆地边缘相的碳酸盐岩、泥质碳酸盐岩及钙质泥岩组成。重力流沉积十分发育，其中花垣排碧剖面以碎屑流砾屑灰岩和近源浊积岩为主；永顺王村剖面以浊流沉积为主；桃源瓦尔岗剖面则以远源浊积岩为主。成岩作用主要为海底埋藏胶结作用、新生变形作用和白云石化作用。排碧剖面大多数岩样酸不溶物重量含量在１０％以下，王村和瓦尔岗剖面大多数岩样在１０％以上。全岩δ１８Ｏ值介于－１１．２‰至－５．６‰（ＰＤＢ）之间；δ１３Ｃ值为－１．９‰至３．４‰（ＰＤＢ）。从Ｌｉｎｇｕａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｕｓ带开始，δ１３Ｃ有较大的正漂移，漂移值达３‰（ＰＤＢ）以上。沉积花桥组和车夫组时，湘西过渡区经历了４次海平面升降事件，台缘斜坡逐渐变陡，由缓坡型逐渐发展为镶边型和沟槽型。在湘西的诸多剖面中以王村剖面最适合于作为中、上寒武统界线层型候选剖面，界线选择在花桥组顶部。