洋山港海域细菌群落多样性的季节变化

洋山深水港是中国大陆首个在远离陆地达30多km的海岛上建立的大型国际港口,水环境复杂;港口环境受港口建设和航运等人类活动的影响巨大。曾有学者针对洋山深水港海域表层海水中古菌多样性进行过调查和分析,但涉及包括细菌在内的微生物多样性尚未深入研究。利用高通量测序技术对洋山港海域细菌丰度、种类组成特征的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明该海域可培养细菌总数1.2—9.1×104CFU/m L,相比其他近岸海域和港口处于较低水平;该海域可培养细菌总数整体情况呈现夏季﹥秋季﹥冬季﹥春季,夏季的可培养细菌总数与其他季节区别明显。该海域优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),秋季、冬季和春季样品优势类群为γ-变形菌(γ-proteobacteria)和α-变形菌(α-proteobacteria),夏季样品优势类群为黄杆菌(Flavobacteriales)。秋季和冬季的优势类群为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),夏季则被聚球蓝细菌(Synechococcus)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacteriaceae)等代替。盐单胞菌属在洋山港海域内的秋冬春3季所占比例均接近或超过50%,是最具生长优势的细菌类群,是洋山港海域细菌群落中的优势类群,其生长情况同样存在季节性差异。群落多样性指数显示,该海域微生物多样性整体情况呈现夏季﹥春季﹥冬季﹥秋季,夏季相较其他季节而言,细菌种群较多,物种较为丰富,多样性程度高;秋冬两季微生物物种组成相对单一,多样性程度低。结合同时期环境因子,对洋山港海域细菌群落与环境因子数据进行了典范对应分析,结果显示影响洋山港细菌群落季节性差异的主要环境因子依次为总有机碳、盐度、叶绿素a和温度。海水温度和盐度等重要环境因子的季节变化,导致细菌优势类群存在明显的季节差异。

The Distribution of Microbes along the Coast of Shanghai and its Relationship with Environmental Factors

Microbes play multiple roles in the marine ecosystem,with a variety of functions. Luchao Port,Yangshan Port and Waigaoqiao Port are three major ports near the coast of Shanghai,and it is necessary to study the abundance and water environment of microbes. The distribution of hydrological and chemical characteristics shows that the distribution of temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen and nutrient salt exhibit certain seasonal characteristics in the surface waters. Correlation analysis indicates that the temperature of surface waters is positively correlated with the number of microbes,but not very clear; salinity is significantly positively correlated with it; dissolved oxygen is negatively correlated with it; the correlation between nutrient salt and abundance of microbes is complicated,but not very significant( P > 0. 05).