Background:Mangrove forests are a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle,and the accurate estimation of their gross primary productivity(GPP)is essential for understanding the carbon budget within blue car...Background:Mangrove forests are a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle,and the accurate estimation of their gross primary productivity(GPP)is essential for understanding the carbon budget within blue carbon ecosystems.Little attention has been given to the investigation of spatiotemporal patterns and ecological variations within mangrove ecosystems,as well as the quantitative analysis of the influence of geo-environmental factors on time-series estimations of mangrove GPP.Methods:This study explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove GPP from 2000 to 2020 in Gaoqiao Mangrove Reserve,China.A leaf area index(LAI)-based light-use efficiency(LUE)model was combined with Landsat data on Google Earth Engine(GEE)to reveal the variations in mangrove GPP using the Mann-Kendall(MK)test and Theil-Sen median trend.Moreover,the spatiotemporal patterns and ecological variations in mangrove ecosystems across regions were explored using four landscape indicators.Furthermore,the effects of six geo-environmental factors(species distribution,offshore distance,elevation,slope,planar curvature and profile curvature)on GPP were investigated using Geodetector and multi-scale geo-weighted regression(MGWR).Results:The results showed that the mangrove forest in the study area experienced an area loss from 766.26 ha in 2000 to 718.29 ha in 2020,mainly due to the conversion to farming,terrestrial forest and aquaculture zones.Landscape patterns indicated high levels of vegetation aggregation near water bodies and aquaculture zones,and low levels of aggregation but high species diversity and distribution density near building zone.The mean value of mangrove GPP continuously increased from 6.35 g C⋅m^(-2)⋅d^(-1) in 2000 to 8.33 g C⋅m^(-2)⋅d^(-1) in 2020,with 23.21%of areas showing a highly and significantly increasing trend(trend value>0.50).The Geodetector and MGWR analyses showed that species distribution,offshore distance and elevation contributed most to the GPP variations.Conclusions:These results provide guidelines for selecting GPP products,and the combination of Geodetector and MGWR based on multiple geo-environmental factors could quantitatively capture the mode,direction,pathway and intensity of the influencing factors on mangrove GPP variation.The findings provide a foundation for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove GPP at the landscape or regional scale.展开更多
对随机效应线性模型（y,X<sub>0</sub>β,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）:y=x<sub>0</sub>β+ε,E（<sub>ε</sub><sup>β</sup>）=（A<sub>α</sub>/0）,Cov（<su...对随机效应线性模型（y,X<sub>0</sub>β,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）:y=x<sub>0</sub>β+ε,E（<sub>ε</sub><sup>β</sup>）=（A<sub>α</sub>/0）,Cov（<sub>ε</sub><sup>β</sup>）（?）给出了下列问题的解:当且仅当 X 满足什么条件时,才能使（y,X<sub>0</sub>β,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下任一可估函数ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的所有 BLUE 都是（1）（y,xβ,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的线性无偏估计（LUE）或 BLUE（2）（y,Xβ,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的线性最小偏差估计（LIMBE）或最佳线性最小偏差估计（BLIMBE）展开更多
Heidan disease(black jaundice)is a kind of jaundice,which is caused by lingering and chronic jaundice,often with blood stasis and damp-heat,etc.The clinical symptoms of Heidan disease(black jaundice)are similar to tho...Heidan disease(black jaundice)is a kind of jaundice,which is caused by lingering and chronic jaundice,often with blood stasis and damp-heat,etc.The clinical symptoms of Heidan disease(black jaundice)are similar to those of cirrhosis caused by multiple chronic liver diseases in Western medicine.Heidan disease(black jaundice)generally belongs to yin jaundice type,and the pathogenesis is mostly related to blood stasis and dampness stagnation,often with damp-heat residue.According to Zhongjing Zhang,the prescription Xiaoshi Fanshi powder for the treatment of Heidan disease(black jaundice)is based on the understanding that the nature of Heidan disease(black jaundice)is inseparable from the two key pathological factors of dampness and blood stasis.The treatment of jaundice should be based on removing blood stasis and dampness,supplemented by soothing the liver and promoting the transportation function of spleen,removing blood stasis and harmonizing the collaterals,and promoting diuresis and reducing jaundice.In the treatment of jaundice,removing blood stasis and purging turbidity should be stressed,and powerful tonification should be used with caution.Since blood stasis and turbidity are always intermingling and often complicated with damp heat,the method of warm drying should be used with caution.For promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and dredging the liver-biliarycollaterals,drasticmedicine shouldbeused withcaution.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515010741 and 2021A1515110910)Guangdong Regional Joint Fund-Youth Fund(2020A1515111142)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324093210029).
文摘Background:Mangrove forests are a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle,and the accurate estimation of their gross primary productivity(GPP)is essential for understanding the carbon budget within blue carbon ecosystems.Little attention has been given to the investigation of spatiotemporal patterns and ecological variations within mangrove ecosystems,as well as the quantitative analysis of the influence of geo-environmental factors on time-series estimations of mangrove GPP.Methods:This study explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove GPP from 2000 to 2020 in Gaoqiao Mangrove Reserve,China.A leaf area index(LAI)-based light-use efficiency(LUE)model was combined with Landsat data on Google Earth Engine(GEE)to reveal the variations in mangrove GPP using the Mann-Kendall(MK)test and Theil-Sen median trend.Moreover,the spatiotemporal patterns and ecological variations in mangrove ecosystems across regions were explored using four landscape indicators.Furthermore,the effects of six geo-environmental factors(species distribution,offshore distance,elevation,slope,planar curvature and profile curvature)on GPP were investigated using Geodetector and multi-scale geo-weighted regression(MGWR).Results:The results showed that the mangrove forest in the study area experienced an area loss from 766.26 ha in 2000 to 718.29 ha in 2020,mainly due to the conversion to farming,terrestrial forest and aquaculture zones.Landscape patterns indicated high levels of vegetation aggregation near water bodies and aquaculture zones,and low levels of aggregation but high species diversity and distribution density near building zone.The mean value of mangrove GPP continuously increased from 6.35 g C⋅m^(-2)⋅d^(-1) in 2000 to 8.33 g C⋅m^(-2)⋅d^(-1) in 2020,with 23.21%of areas showing a highly and significantly increasing trend(trend value>0.50).The Geodetector and MGWR analyses showed that species distribution,offshore distance and elevation contributed most to the GPP variations.Conclusions:These results provide guidelines for selecting GPP products,and the combination of Geodetector and MGWR based on multiple geo-environmental factors could quantitatively capture the mode,direction,pathway and intensity of the influencing factors on mangrove GPP variation.The findings provide a foundation for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove GPP at the landscape or regional scale.
文摘对随机效应线性模型（y,X<sub>0</sub>β,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）:y=x<sub>0</sub>β+ε,E（<sub>ε</sub><sup>β</sup>）=（A<sub>α</sub>/0）,Cov（<sub>ε</sub><sup>β</sup>）（?）给出了下列问题的解:当且仅当 X 满足什么条件时,才能使（y,X<sub>0</sub>β,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下任一可估函数ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的所有 BLUE 都是（1）（y,xβ,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的线性无偏估计（LUE）或 BLUE（2）（y,Xβ,Aα,σ<sup>2</sup>V）下ω′<sub>1</sub>α（或ω′<sub>2</sub>β或ω′<sub>1</sub>α+ω′<sub>2</sub>β）的线性最小偏差估计（LIMBE）或最佳线性最小偏差估计（BLIMBE）
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403407)Special Program of the International Cooperation in Chinese Medicine of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(China-Australia Chinese Medicine Center[Melbourne]GZYYGJ2021024)。
文摘Heidan disease(black jaundice)is a kind of jaundice,which is caused by lingering and chronic jaundice,often with blood stasis and damp-heat,etc.The clinical symptoms of Heidan disease(black jaundice)are similar to those of cirrhosis caused by multiple chronic liver diseases in Western medicine.Heidan disease(black jaundice)generally belongs to yin jaundice type,and the pathogenesis is mostly related to blood stasis and dampness stagnation,often with damp-heat residue.According to Zhongjing Zhang,the prescription Xiaoshi Fanshi powder for the treatment of Heidan disease(black jaundice)is based on the understanding that the nature of Heidan disease(black jaundice)is inseparable from the two key pathological factors of dampness and blood stasis.The treatment of jaundice should be based on removing blood stasis and dampness,supplemented by soothing the liver and promoting the transportation function of spleen,removing blood stasis and harmonizing the collaterals,and promoting diuresis and reducing jaundice.In the treatment of jaundice,removing blood stasis and purging turbidity should be stressed,and powerful tonification should be used with caution.Since blood stasis and turbidity are always intermingling and often complicated with damp heat,the method of warm drying should be used with caution.For promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and dredging the liver-biliarycollaterals,drasticmedicine shouldbeused withcaution.
