Treatment of Single Level Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Lumbar Interbody Fusion via Oblique Lateral Approach (OLIF)

Objectives: To investigate the effect of lumbar interbody fusion via the oblique lateral approach (OLIF) in the treatment of single level lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: Retrospective analysis was made on 32 cases of single level lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by lumbar interbody fusion via the oblique lateral approach from July 2020 to July 2021. 14 males and 18 females;the age was (66.5 ± 11.5) years (55 - 82 years). 1) The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded;2) the scores of visual analog scale. VAS and Oswestry disability index (ODI) of low back pain and lower limb pain were collected before operation and at the last follow-up;by observing the imaging data, the height of the intervertebral space, the anterior convex angle of the intervertebral space, the anterior convex angle of the lumbar spine, the sagittal diameter of the dural sac and the spondylolisthesis were measured. Results: All patients successfully completed the operation, the average operation time was (103.9 ± 21.1) min, the average intraoperative bleeding volume was (72.3 ± 16.4) ml. There was no vascular injury during the operation, no infection occurred in all surgical incisions, and Class I/A healing was achieved. The VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain before operation and at the last follow-up were lower than those before operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);the ODI at the last follow-up was lower than that before operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the height of intervertebral space, the height of intervertebral foramen and the sagittal diameter of dural sac were greater than those before operation, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05);the spondylolisthesis rate at the last follow-up was lower than that before operation, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Left thigh surface numbness occurred in 2 cases (6.3%) and disappeared after 1 week;Hip flexion weakness occurred in 1 case (0.03%), which recovered after 12 days;there were no complications such as retroperitoneal hematoma, ureteral injury, retrograde ejaculation, intestinal and lumbar plexus injury. Conclusion: The early clinical effect of OLIF in the treatment of single level lumbar spondylolisthesis is significant. This surgical method is minimally invasive, safe and effective, which can significantly reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Its main working principle is to make the annulus fibrosus, posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum shrink and recover the height of the intervertebral space through decompression, loosening and stretching of the intervertebral space, so as to achieve the reduction of the slipped vertebral body, increase the height of the intervertebral foramen Enlarge the spinal canal volume and eliminate dynamic compression to play an indirect decompression role, improve the symptoms of low back and leg pain, and reconstruct the stability of the spine through interbody fusion.

Risk factors and care of early surgical site infection after primary posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Objectives:To explore the risk factors and nursing measures of early surgical site infection(SSI)after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF).Methods:A total of 468 patients who received PLIF in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were enrolled into this study.According to the occurrence of early SSI,the patients were divided into two groups,and the general data were analyzed by univariate analysis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with the dichotomous variable of whether early SSI occurred and other factors as independent variables to identify the risk factors of early SSI and put forward targeted prevention and nursing measures.Results:Among 468 patients with PLIF,18 patients developed early SSI(3.85%).The proportion of female,age,diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection(UTI),operation segment,operation time,post-operative drainage volume,and drainage time were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group,with statistical significance(P<0.05),whereas the preoperative albumin and hemoglobin in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the uninfected group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grading,body mass index(BMI),complications including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or hypertension(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative diabetes mellitus(OR=2.109,P=0.012)/UTI(OR=1.526,P=0.035),prolonged drainage time(OR=1.639,P=0.029)were risk factors for early SSI.Men(OR=0.736,P=0.027)and albumin level(OR=0.526,P=0.004)were protective factors in reducing early SSI.Conclusions:Women,preoperative diabetes/UTI,hypoproteinemia,and prolonged drainage time are risk factors for early SSI after PLIF.Clinical effective preventive measures should be taken in combination with targeted nursing intervention to reduce the risk of early SSI.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Cortical Bone Trajectory and Traditional Pedicle Screw Fixation in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a common surgical procedure and widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders. Traditionally, posterior lumbar interbody fusion is done by using the traditional pedicle screw (PS) which offers great advantages, but at the same time it has some disadvantages which include the risk of superior facet joint violation and muscle damage. Recently, an alternative method of screw insertion via cortical bone trajectory (CBT) has been invented which has less invasive process and can be placed without the drawbacks associated with the traditional pedicle screw. However, it has to remain an interest whether CBT will provide similar or greater clinical outcomes compared to PS in PLIF. So the main aim of this review is to compare the clinical outcomes of cortical bone trajectory and traditional pedicle screw fixation in posterior lumbar interbody fusion based on the articles published on this topic. Compared to the traditional pedicle screw fixation, PLIF with CBT has similar clinical outcome based on pain intensity, ODI status and JOA score, as well as similar fusion rate and radiological evaluated complication such as loosening of screw. In addition PLIF with CBT has advantages of less facet joint violation, less blood loss, less intraoperative muscle damage and perioperative pain. On the basis of this study, we can suggest that PLIF with CBT can be considered as a reasonable alternative to PS in PLIF.

Biomechanical Effects of Implant Materials on Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparison of Polyetheretherketone and Titanium Spacers Using Finite Element Analysis and Considering Bone Density

Few biomechanical data exist regarding whether the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) spacer or titanium spacer is better for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). This study evaluated the biomechanical influence that these types of spacers with different levels of hardness exert on the vertebra by using finite element analysis including bone strength distribution. To evaluate the risk of spacer subsidence for PLIF, we built a finite element model of the lumbar spine using computed tomography data of osteoporosis patients. Then, we simulated PLIF in L3/4 and built models with the hardness of the interbody spacer set as PEEK and titanium. Bones around the spacer were subjected to different load conditions. Then, fracture elements and some stress states of the two modalities were compared. In both models of PLIF simulation, fracture elements and stress were concentrated in the bones around the spacer. Fracture elements and stress values of the model simulating the PEEK spacer were significantly smaller compared to those of the titanium simulation model. For PLIF of osteoporotic vertebrae, this suggested that the PEEK spacer is in a mechanical environment less susceptible to subsidence caused by microfractures of bone tissue and bone remodeling-related fusion aspects. Therefore, PEEK spacers are bio-mechanically more useful.

Can bone mineral density affect intra-operative blood loss of mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion?

Objective:Many factors affect intraoperative blood loss(BL)in mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)procedures,but only few has examined.Specifically,the impact of bone mineral density(BMD)levels on intraoperative BL.This study aims to examine the correlation between these two factors.Methods:Retrospective review of 120 patients with low back disorders who were scheduled to undergo mini-invasive PLIF from October 2018 to October 2019 was performed.Patients were divided into two groups based on BMD of the lumbar spine:normal group and abnormal group(osteoporosis and osteopenia).Comparison of age,gender,BMD,BL,BMI,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,haemoglobin concentration,intraoperative mean arterial pressure,platelet count,and operative time(OT)between the two groups,and correlation analysis of BMD and BL were conducted.Results:The mean BL of patients in the abnormal group was remarkably higher than that in the normal group:357.22±152.55 ml and 259.37±125.90 ml respectively(p<0.001).The partial correlation coefficient between BL and BMD was0.45(p<0.001).The results of univariate regression analysis demonstrated that only BMD,gender,and OT were related to BL(BMD,r=0.427,p<0.001;gender,r=0.211,p=0.024;OT,r=0.318,p=0.001).While multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that patients with lower BMD and longer OT had a higher amount of intraoperative BL(p<0.001).Conclusions:BMD is an important factor influencing intraoperative BL in mini-invasive PLIF.It should be assessed routinely as a part of the preoperative examination to improve preoperative assessment and ensure patient safety.

Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion:A case report

BACKGROUND Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma(SEH)on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)is rare but it may lead to severe complications if not identified and treated in a timely manner.After diagnosis of the current case,early surgical removal of the hematoma and strict hemostasis treatment was accomplished.This case report highlights the importance of swift diagnosis and treatment in SEH patients.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old male patient with a single-segment lumbar disc herniation underwent left-side PLIF.On the 14th post-operative day,the patient complained of lumbar incision pain with sudden onset accompanied by left limb radiation pain and aggravated cauda equina symptoms.Magnetic resonance imaging examination and a puncture blood draw at the incision site confirmed a delayed arterial SEH.Emergency surgical removal of the hematoma and hemostasis was performed.About 70 mL of hematoma was found in the left incision.Continuous bleeding was found in the anterior branch of the transverse process of the 4th lumbar artery in the muscle area about 2 cm below the transverse process of the 4th lumbar vertebra.A blood jet of about 10 cm in height was observed and bipolar electrocoagulation was used to stop the bleeding.Post-operative lumbar incision pain and left lower limb pain were relieved immediately and gradually disappeared.There was no recurrence during the 12-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION For delayed arterial SEH on the 14th day after PLIF,preventive measures including pre-,intra-and post-operative prevention should be implemented.

Use of Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Bone Density to Investigate the Biomechanical Effect in the Bone around Intervertebral Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Preventing subsidence of intervertebral cages in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) requires understanding its mechanism, which is yet to be done. We aimed to describe the mechanism of intervertebral cage subsidence by using finite element analysis through simulation of the osteoporotic vertebral bodies of an elderly woman. The data from computed tomography scans of L2-L5 vertebrae in a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis were used to create 2 FE models: one not simulating implant placement (LS-INT) and one simulating L3/4 PLIF using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages (LS-PEEK). Loads and moments simulating the living body were applied to these models, and the following analyses were performed: 1) Drucker-Prager equivalent stress distribution at the cage contact surfaces;2) the distribution of damage elements in L2-L5 during incremental loading;and 3) the distribution of equivalent plastic strain at the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 1, the Drucker-Prager equivalent stress on the L3 and L4 vertebral endplates was greater for LS-PEEK than for LS-INT under all loading conditions and tended to be particularly concentrated at the contact surfaces. In analysis 2, compared with LS-INT, LS-PEEK showed more damage elements along the bone around the cages in the L3 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces, followed by the area of the L4 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 3, in the L3 inferior surface in LS-PEEK the distribution of equivalent plastic strain was visualized as gradually expanding along the cages from the area posterior to the cages to the area anterior to them with increased loading. These analyses suggested that in PLIF for osteoporotic vertebral bodies, the localized stress concentration generated by the use of PEEK cages may cause accumulation of microscopic damage in the fragile osteoporotic vertebral bodies around the cages, which may result in cage subsidence.

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion versus Posterolateral Fusion in Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolithesis

Background: The optimal surgical technique for lumbar spondylolithesis remains debated. Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) theoretically offers more advantages than posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF), the evidence remains inconclusive. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of PLIF versus PLF in patients with lumbar spondylolithesis. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 38 patients with lumbar spondylolithesis (degenerative and isthmic) who underwent PLIF (N = 19) or PLF (N = 19). We collected operative data and performed follow-up for 12 months after the surgery. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software to detected significant differences between both groups. Results: The PLF and PLIF groups exhibited similar pre-operative characteristics between both groups in terms of age (p = 0.57), sex (p = 0.73), clinical presentation (p = 1), required levels of fixation (p = 1), pre-operative VAS score (p = 0.43) or muscle weakness (p = 1). However, the PLIF group had significantly more blood loss and longer operative time than the PLF group. Moreover, both groups had similar levels of postoperative pain (up to six months after surgery), and post-operative complications. The rates of arthrodesis were higher in PLIF group than PLF group within six months while no significant difference within 12 months of follow-up. Conclusion: In our comparative study, we achieved comparison between pedicle screw fixation with posterolateral fusion alone (PLF) in compare with pedicle screw fixation with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Results indicate better results of fusion rate in PLIF as regards arthrodesis with slightly more rate of complication than PLF. So we recommend PLIF in cases of lumbar spondylolithesis than PLF.

Surgical Results of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Fixation in Management of Spondylolisthesis

Objective: To evaluate the surgical results of posterior lumber interbody fusion with transpedicular fixation with rod screw system in management of spondylolisthesis. Study Design: Retrospective study reviewed all patient treated by lumber interbody fusion with transpedicular fixation with rod screw system. Patients and Methods: They were 40 patients operated for lumber and lumbosacral spondylolisthesis from Feb 2014 to April 2017 in Al-Azhar university hospital. These patients followed postoperatively clinically for improved neural function and for fusion stability and hardware fixation by radiological investigation. Data about pain intensity (by Visual Analogue Scale) was collected pre- and postoperatively;and outcome was assessed by Oswetry disability index (ODI). Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Pre- and Post-operative data were statistically compared. Results: The mean age was 45 years (range between 30 - 60 years) with female sex predominance (male:female = 1:3). They had lytic (n = 30) or degenerative (n = 10) spondylolisthesis;and all underwent PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). In lytic group, the level was L4/L5 in 19 patients and L5/S1 in 11 patients, while in degenerative group the level was L4/L5 in 4 patients, L5/S1 in 3 patients, L2/L3 in 2 and L3/L4 in one patient. The spondylolisthesis grade was grade I among 25 subjects, grade two among 11 subjects and retrolisthesis among 4 subjects. Sensory deficits reported in 22 subjects (19 had lytic and 3 had degenerative spondylolisthesis);while motor deficits reported among 10 subjects and reduced reflexes among 8 subjects. The outcome was excellent, good, and fair among 30, 7, and 3 subjects respectively. The return to previous levels of activity was reported among 32 patients. VAS was 3.5 ± 2.94 at the end of follow up, while ODI was 28% and 36.0% and 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion: PLIF associated with transpedicular rod screw fixation system for management of spondylolisthesis is considered a safe and effective surgical intervention in both lytic and degenerative types.

Nuances of oblique lumbar interbody fusion at L5-S1:Three case reports

BACKGROUND Oblique lumbar interbody fusion is a mini-open retroperitoneal approach that uses a wide corridor between the left psoas muscle and the aorta above L5.This approach avoids the limitations of lateral lumbar interbody fusion,is considered less invasive than anterior lumbar interbody fusion,and is similarly effective for indirect decompression and improving lordosis while maintaining a low complication profile.Including L5-S1,when required,adds to these advantages,as this allows single-position surgery.However,variations in vascular anatomy can affect the ease of access to the L5-S1 disc.The nuances of three different oblique anterolateral techniques to access L5-S1 for interbody fusion,namely,left-sided intra-bifurcation,left-sided pre-psoas,and right-sided pre-psoas approaches,are illustrated using three representative case studies.CASE SUMMARY Cases of three patients who underwent multilevel oblique lumbar interbody fusion including L5-S1,using one of the three different techniques,are described.All patients presented with symptomatic degenerative lumbar pathology and failed conservative management prior to surgery.The anatomical considerations that affected the decisions to utilize each approach are discussed.The pros and cons of each approach are also discussed.A parasagittal facet line objectively assesses the relationship between the left common iliac vein and the L5-S1 disc and assists in choosing the approach to L5-S1.CONCLUSION Oblique retroperitoneal access to L5-S1 in the lateral decubitus position is possible through three different approaches.The choice of approach to L5-S1 may be individualized based on a patient’s vascular anatomy using preoperative imaging.While most surgeons will rely on their experience and comfort level in choosing the approach,this article elucidates the nuances of each technique.

One Stage Anterior Reconstruction and Posterior Instrumentation in Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

Background: The different methods of anterior reconstruction and posterior instrumentation in surgical management of thoracolumbar spine fractures are PLIF, TLIF, lateral extracaviatary and transpedicular techniques which are increasingly used to perform partial or total corpectomies and anterior reconstructions from a posterior approach. These techniques were being alternative to the standard anterior approach with less morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: This study was performed between 2011 and 2014 on 100 patients with acute unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures which were divided into four groups: 30 patients underwent (TLIF), 28 patients underwent (PLIF), 28 patients underwent (PA) and 14 patients underwent (TPA). Neurological outcome, complications, operative times, kyphotic angle, vertebral height loss, spinal canal compromise, pulmonary functions, Denis pain and work scale, VAS score, ODI score, hospital stay, and estimated blood loss (EBL) were evaluated and compared in between the four groups. Results: There was a higher complication rate, increased EBL, and longer operative time with posteroanterior (PA) compared with PLIF, TLIF and (TPA). Patients undergoing PLIF, TLIF and TPA had a greater recovery of neurological function than those in whom PA were performed. Conclusion: TPA appeared to have more favorable results in improving the clinical and radiological outcome and no complications were reported apart from superficial wound infection which healed rapidly. The PLIF, TLIF and TPA appeared to have a comparable morbidity rate to PA. The different methods of anterior reconstruction from posterior approach are more favorable, applicable and convenient than PA approach.

后路腰椎椎体间融合术后融合器脱出的危险因素分析

目的:探讨腰椎椎体间融合内固定术后融合器脱出(cage retropulsion,CR)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月~2021年9月在我院因腰椎椎体间融合内固定术后CR行翻修手术的17例患者,其中男13例,女4例,年龄63.7±9.9岁,纳入CR组。根据相同的融合及固定节段、初次手术时间(±1年)、性别、年龄(±2岁)在无融合器脱出及移位的患者中按照2∶1的比例进行配对共匹配34例作为对照组,其中男26例,女8例,年龄65.2±10.2岁。CR组初次手术平均固定节段数为1.8±0.8个,融合节段数为1.5±0.6个;发现CR距离初次手术时间为7个月(0.75~132个月);17例患者中单个节段CR 15例,两个节段CR 2例。在两组患者术前全脊柱X线片上测量腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、腰椎侧位X线片上测量病变节段椎间高度(disc height,DH)、屈伸位X线片上测量椎间隙活动度(range of motion,ROM);通过术前腰椎CT检查测量腰椎椎体CT值;通过腰椎MRI检查定义椎间盘形态;在术后即刻腰椎X线片上测量融合器位置(融合器后缘标记线到下位椎体后上缘的距离与下位椎体上终板前后径的比值)。采用配对样本t检验的方法对两组间资料进行单因素分析,对单因素分析有统计学意义的参数进行Logistic回归分析,寻找CR的独立危险因素。结果:CR组椎体CT值小于对照组(124.8±39.7 vs 147.7±38.2,P=0.011),术后即刻X线片上融合器位置较对照组更靠后(0.15±0.09 vs 0.31±0.07,P<0.001);两组间术前LL(40.8°±12.9°vs 42.4°±7.5°,P=0.717)、PT(19.6°±7.1°vs 17.1°±6.7°,P=0.356)、SS(27.7°±6.5°vs 31.0°±4.3°,P=0.144)、PI(44.3°±13.8°vs 44.7°±13.9°,P=0.926)、DH(10.1±2.4mm vs 8.8±1.4mm,P=0.066)、ROM(4.3°±2.8°vs 4.4°±2.2°,P=0.950)、梨形椎间盘比例(33.3%vs 21.4%,P=0.40)均无统计学差异。Logistic回归分析结果提示椎体CT值低(骨质疏松)(OR=0.975,P=0.043)和融合器位置靠后(OR=28.393,P=0.003)是CR的独立危险因素。结论:骨质疏松与融合器放置靠后是后路腰椎椎体间融合术后CR的危险因素。

腰椎融合术选择策略及发展趋势

腰椎融合术已经在腰椎退行性病变、畸形、腰椎骨折或脱位等疾病中广泛应用,是消除或缓解症状、维持疗效的重要方法,也是脊柱外科最重要的技术之一。目前,腰椎融合术式种类繁多,根据不同手术入路分为前侧入路、经侧方入路、后侧入路及椎间孔入路等;微创手术包括关节镜辅助、脊柱内窥镜等手术方式;根据不同植骨融合位置又分为椎体外植骨融合和椎体间植骨融合[1]。临床上腰椎融合手术方式的选择方面尚无完全定论。本文回顾、分析不同腰椎融合术的优缺点,结合脊柱微创融合技术等发展趋势展开评论,旨在为临床腰椎融合术的合理实施提供参考,期待未来深入探索、优化手术方法、提高融合效率,降低并发症的新策略,为腰椎疾病患者带来更好的疗效。

Wiltse与后正中入路经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及近期效果研究

目的比较分析Wiltse与后正中入路经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的安全性及近期效果。方法回顾性分析2019-01—2022-12于郑州大学第二附属医院骨一科行TLIF治疗的86例LDH患者的临床资料,根据手术入路方式分为Wiltse组(38例)和后正中组(48例)。比较2组患者的基线资料。记录手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间。评估术前、术后6个月患者的腰椎功能JOA评分和数字评定量表(NRS)评分。结果2组患者的基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Wiltse组的手术时间、下床活动时间均短于后正中组,术中出血量少于后正中组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前2组患者的JOA、NRS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月时,Wiltse组患者的JOA评分高于后正中组,NRS评分低于后正中组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经Wiltse入路与后正中入路实施TLIF,均有良好的安全性和近期效果。但Wiltse入路改善腰椎功能、缓解疼痛的效果更佳,且手术时间短、术中出血量少,更利于患者术后康复。

OLIF治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期效果分析

目的分析斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术(OLIF)治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的近期疗效。方法48例LDH患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各24例。对照组经后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)治疗,观察组经OLIF治疗。比较两组围术期指标、疼痛程度、功能障碍情况及影像学参数。结果观察组手术用时为(150.23±17.45)min,对照组为(145.23±13.25)min。两组手术用时比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组术中出血量(274.15±52.34)ml少于对照组的(356.56±53.24)ml,住院用时(8.10±1.89)d短于对照组的(12.25±3.61)d(P<0.05)。治疗后,对照组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分分别为(2.29±0.35)、(15.53±2.12)分,观察组VAS、ODI评分分别为(2.13±0.33)、(14.51±2.44)分;相较对照组,观察组治疗后VAS、ODI评分更低,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,对照组椎间隙前、后缘高度分别为(11.52±2.13)、(7.22±1.35)mm,观察组椎间隙前、后缘高度分别为(12.05±2.31)、(7.95±1.53)mm;相较对照组,观察组椎间隙前、后缘高度更高,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论应用OLIF治疗LDH效果显著,患者术中出血量少,术后恢复快,临床可推广。

伴或不伴马尾冗余征腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术的疗效分析

目的:探讨伴或不伴马尾冗余征(redundant nerve roots,RNRs)腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术(oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF)联合后路经皮内固定术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年6月于本院采用斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术治疗的92例腰椎管狭窄症患者,男32例,女60例,年龄44~82(63.67±9.93)岁。根据冗余与否将所有患者分为RNRs阳性组和RNRs阴性组。RNRs阳性组38例,男15例,女23例;年龄45~82(65.45±10.37)岁;病程24.00(12.00,72.00)个月。RNRs阴性组54例,男17例,女37例;年龄44~77(62.42±9.51)岁;病程13.50(9.00,36.00)个月。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症;手术前后影像学参数,包括狭窄节段数、椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、硬膜囊面积;采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行背部和腿部疼痛评价,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估日常生活活动障碍。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8~18(11.04±3.61)个月,随访期未见并发症。RNRs阳性组狭窄节段数(1.71±0.46)个,多于阴性组(1.17±0.38)个(P<0.05)。RNRs阳性组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI分别为(1.11±0.19)cm、(0.46±0.17)cm^(2)、(5.39±1.00)分、(5.05±1.01)分、(55.74±4.05)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(0.97±0.23)cm、(0.69±0.26)cm^(2)、(4.50±0.77)分、(4.00±0.58)分、(47.33±3.43)%。RNRs阳性组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI评分分别为(1.60±0.19)cm、(0.74±0.36)cm^(2)、(3.39±0.72)分、(3.05±1.01)分、(46.74±4.82)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(1.48±0.25)cm、(1.12±0.35)cm^(2)、(3.00±0.82)分、(3.00±0.82)分、(37.67±3.58)%。两组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。两组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但两组手术前后椎间隙高度差值、ODI差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后硬膜囊面积、手术前后硬膜囊面积差值、术后腰痛VAS、手术前后腰痛VAS差值、手术前后腿痛VAS差值等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:OLIF联合后路经皮内固定术对于伴或不伴RNRs的患者均有较好疗效。多节段腰椎管狭窄、硬膜囊面积减小可能会导致RNRs的发生,伴RNRs的LSS患者症状更重。伴RNRs的LSS患者较不伴RNRs的患者手术疗效要差。

经椎间孔入路与经关节突入路脊柱内镜下腰椎椎间融合术的疗效与安全性比较

目的:比较单孔同轴大通道内镜下单节段腰椎椎间融合术(镜下融合)经椎间孔入路与经关节突入路的疗效与安全性。方法:纳入2018年6月~2022年2月共46例单节段镜下融合病例,男18例、女28例;年龄40~80岁,平均60.9±10.5岁,术后随访时间3~47个月。按手术入路不同分为两组,其中18例为经椎间孔入路,28例为经关节突入路,均采用工作内径7.1mm的大通道脊柱内镜。术前、术后3d及末次随访时使用腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、腰痛及腿痛的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评价临床疗效。术后3d复查腰椎正侧位X线片及腰椎CT评价减压与内固定情况。术后随访超6个月且复查腰椎CT者,按照Bridwell标准判断融合情况。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别、术前诊断、术前椎间隙高度、手术节段,术前ODI评分、VAS评分及JOA评分等均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经椎间孔入路组72.2%的患者术前存在单侧根性症状,而经关节突入路组则有64.3%术前为双侧根性症状,二者存在统计学差异(P=0.020)。经椎间孔入路组手术时间平均327.7±89.9min,住院时间平均14.8±6.0d;经关节突入路组手术时间平均385.9±96.7min,住院时间平均19.5±7.8d,两组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.047;P=0.038)。经关节突入路组75%的患者接受了单侧入路双侧减压。两组术后及末次随访ODI评分、腰痛及腿痛VAS评分、JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但各评分在两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组术后椎间隙高度与术前比较显著增加(P<0.001),组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组术中、术后均无严重并发症发生,并发症发生率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时间大于6个月且复查CT者共21例,其中20例(95.2%)达到骨性融合,两组融合率比较无统计学差异。结论:经椎间孔入路与经关节突入路单孔同轴大通道内镜下行单节段腰椎椎间融合均安全、有效,经椎间孔入路的手术时间较短,住院时间较短。

后路腰椎椎间融合术后伤口渗出的治疗转归

目的探讨后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)后伤口渗出的治疗转归,为临床治疗提供理论支持。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2021年4月收治的因腰椎退行性疾病导致神经或脊髓损伤且经历PLIF术后出现伤口渗出的23例患者资料,根据其临床资料分为感染组(n=10)和非感染组(n=13)。总结比较两组患者的临床表现及治疗过程。结果与非感染组相比,感染组患者术中出血较多(P<0.05),术后感染确诊时间及伤口愈合时间较长(P<0.05),术后第3天血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)较低(P<0.05),而血白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数、中性粒细胞计数(absolute neutrophil count,ANC)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)较高(P<0.05)。所有患者均治愈出院,且经过1年以上随访无复发。结论PLIF术后伤口渗出后早期正确的鉴别和干预,可取得较好的临床疗效。

右美托咪定联合地塞米松对腰椎术后炎症反应的影响

目的通过检测腰椎术后炎症因子水平、记录患者术后疼痛评分,探讨右美托咪定联合地塞米松对腰椎术后炎性反应和疼痛的影响。方法选取腰椎手术患者85例,将其随机分为对照组(C组,n=20)、地塞米松组(Dex组,n=21)、右美托咪定组(Dxm组,n=22)和联合组(Dex+Dxm组,n=22)。C组和Dex组在麻醉诱导前分别静脉注射生理盐水2 mL和地塞米松0.15 mg/kg;Dxm组麻醉诱导前以0.6μg/(kg·h)泵速泵注右美托咪定,10 min后改为0.3μg/(kg·h)的泵速维持至手术结束;而Dex+Dxm组在Dxm组的基础上,麻醉诱导前静脉注射地塞米松0.15 mg/kg。检测各组患者术前1天(T 0)、术后第1 d(T 1)、第2 d(T 2)、第3 d(T 3)血清中白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;记录各组患者术后8 h、T 1、T 2和T 3静息与活动(VAS)评分。结果术后炎症因子水平比较:与T 0比较,4组患者血清中IL-1、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平在T 1时均显著升高(P<0.05),Dex+Dxm组患者血清中IL-1、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平在T 1和T 2时显著低于C组、Dex组和Dxm组(P<0.05),Dex组和Dxm组血清中IL-1、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平在T 1、T 2和T 3时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后VAS评分比较:Dex+Dxm组患者静息与活动VAS评分在术后8 h、T 1、T 2和T 3时显著低于C组和Dex组(P<0.05),在T 2和T 3时显著低于Dxm组(P<0.05)。结论在腰椎手术中应用右美托咪定联合地塞米松可减轻患者术后炎症反应,改善患者术后急性疼痛。

围术期个体化营养干预对存在营养风险的高龄腰椎后路椎间融合术患者的影响

目的 探讨围术期个体化营养干预对存在营养风险的高龄腰椎后路椎间融合术患者的影响。方法 选取2018年1月-2019年12月于首都医科大学宣武医院行腰椎后路椎间融合术的181例年龄>75岁的老年患者作为研究对象,将NRS2002≥3分的85例患者纳入干预组,NRS2002<3分的96例患者纳入对照组。对照组予以常规饮食宣教,患者根据自己的饮食模式及喜好自行订餐;干预组予以进一步营养评估,制定个体化营养治疗方案。比较两组的营养指标(血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白)、可能致术后低蛋白血症的潜在高危因素(是否伴随糖尿病、衰弱状态、手术时间及术中出血量)及术后感染情况。结果 两组性别、病程、合并糖尿病比例及衰弱状态比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组年龄高于对照组,体质量指数、术中出血量及术前血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,手术时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术后血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白水平均较术前有所下降,干预组各指标的下降水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在住院时间及术后感染情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对存在营养风险的行腰椎后路融合术的高龄患者进行术前营养干预,可减少术后营养指标的下降。