Flow Injection Analysis of Histidine with Enhanced Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Luminol

A simple and sensitive flow injection method is presented for the determination of histidine based on its enhancement of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol. After optimization of the experimental parameters, the working range for histidine was in 1.0 x 10-6 to 1.0 x 10 -3 mol/L with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.56 mmol/L. The relative standard deviation was 1.6% for 11 measurements of 5 x 10 5 mol/L histidine solution. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of histidine in real pharmaceutical preparation.

Recent advances in electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing methods for pharmaceuticals

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence(electrochemiluminescence, ECL) generates species at electrode surfaces, which undergoes electron-transfer reactions and forms excited states to emit light. It has become a very powerful analytical technique and has been widely used in such as clinical testing, biowarfare agent detection, and pharmaceutical analysis. This review focuses on the current trends of molecular recognition-based biosensing methods for pharmaceutical analysis since 2010. It introduces a background of ECL and presents the recent ECL developments in ECL immunoassay(ECLIA), immunosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, aptamer-based biosensors, and molecularly imprinted polymers(MIP)-based sensors. At last, the future perspective for these analytical methods is briefly discussed.

Chemiluminescence detection of permanganate index (COD_(Mn)) by a luminol-KMnO_4 based reaction

A novel chemiluminescence （CL） system for determination of permanganate index （CODMn） combined with flow injection analysis has been proposed in this study. On the basis of the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol-KMnO4 system, light emission caused by luminol-KMnO4 system was detected by the photomultiplier tube, and its intensity caused by the appearance of KMnO4 after sample digestion was inversely proportional to CODMn. Effects for CODMn determining such as pH, concentrations and interference were investigated in detail. A detection limit of 0.3 mg/L CODMn with a linear range of 0.3-200 mg/L for its theoretical CODMn was obtained under the optimized experimental conditions. The relative standard deviation was 4.3% for 5.0 mg/L CODMn （n = 11）. This CL flow system for determining CODMn was simple, rapid, and suitable for automatic analysis. The data obtained by the present method were fairly in good agreement with those obtained by the standard titrimetric method. It has been applied to determine real samples with satisfactory results.

Chemiluminescence Sensor for the Determination of Hydroxylamine by Electrostatically Immobilizing Luminol and Periodate

A novel chemiluminescence(CL) sensor, which can be used for hydroxylamine determination in combination with flow injection analysis, was developed by electrostatically immobilizing luminol and periodate on anion exchange resin respectively. Hydroxylamine was sensed by its enhancing effect on the weak CL reaction between luminol and periodate, which were eluted from the ion exchange column. The response of the sensor to hydroxylamine was linear in the concentration range of 8.0×10^(-8)-2.0×10^(-6)mol/L with a detection limit of 4.0×10^(-8)mol/L hydroxylamine(3σ).The relative standard deviation(RSD) was 2.0% for 9 repetitive determinations at a hydroxylamine concentration of 5.0×10^(-7) mol/L. The sensor could be reused for over 400 times with a good reproducibility and was used to determine hydroxylamine in wastewater.

Investigations on the Chemiluminescence Reaction Between Luminol and Reductant

The chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and reductant was investigated by a flow-injection system. The results show that this reaction can be used for the determination of the reductant which is active to chemiluminescence in alkaline lumminol, and of the substance which can, in appropriate manner, be converted into the active reductant. The mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction may be that the reductant reduces dissolved oxygen to O2 , then O2 reacts with alkaline luminol to generate chemiluminescence.

Luminol-K_3Fe(CN)_6 chemiluminescence system for the determination of glipizide

A rapid and sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence（CL） method for the determination of glipizide was developed on the basis of finding that glipizide can enhance the CL intensity of the luminol-K3Fe（CN）6 system.In optimum condition,the increased CL intensity was directly proportional to the concentration of glipizide in the range from 4.0×108 g/mL to 1.0×106 g/mL and the detection limit was 1.0×108 g/mL glipizide.The relative standard deviation（RSD） of the developed method was 2.1% with 11 repeated measurements of 1.0×107 g/mL glipizide.The developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of glipizide in its pharmaceutical preparations.

Chemiluminescence of Luminol-potassium Ferricyanide with Benserazide and Application in Analytical Chemistry

The enhancing effect of benserazide on the chemiluminescence of luminol-potassium ferricyanide in alkaline medium was investigated, and a sensitive method for detecting benserazide has been developed by flow-injection chemiluminescence＇s. The experimental results showed that the emission intensity is proportional to the concentration of benserazide in the range of 0.01-1.0 μg/mL, The detection limit （S/N=3） for benserazide turned out to be 0.9 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation for 11 determinations of a 0.10μg/mL benserazide was 2.4%. The method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of benserazide in spiked urine samples.

Study on Quenching Effect of Holmium (Ⅲ) Ion in Chemiluminescence System of Luminol H_2O_2-Cr(Ⅲ) by Flow Injection Technique

A new chemiluminescence (CL) analytical method for determination of rare earth Ho(Ⅲ) ion is reported. It is based on the quenching effect of Ho(Ⅲ) ion on CL intensity of Luminol H 2O 2 Cr(Ⅲ) system. The detection limit is 3×10 -8 mol/L, the linear range is from 1×10 -7 to 1×10 -4 mol/L; the relative standard deviation is less than 3% (for 2×10 -7 mol/L Ho, n=11). The method was applied to determination of Ho(Ⅲ) in pure samples with satisfactory results.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for the determination of metoclopramide using ordered mesoporous carbon for immobilizing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium

A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence(ECL)sensor for the determination of metoclopramide was developed by employing ruthenium complex as an ECL signal producer and an ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC)material as modified material.The ECL sensor was fabricated by adsorption ruthenium complex into a mixture of OMC and Nafion,which showed good electrochemical and ECL behaviors.It was found that the ECL intensity of the sensor fabricated was greatly enhanced in the presence of metoclopramide.Based on this finding,a highly sensitive and reproducible ECL method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide.The result showed that the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of metoclopramide in the range from 1.0×10-10 to 5.0×10-7M and the detection limit was 3×10-11M.The ECL sensor exhibited a long-term stability and a fine reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 1.0 % for 1.0×10-10M metoclopramide in 18 continuous determinations.The developed method has been applied to the determination of metoclopramide in tablet samples with satisfactory results.

CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF THE LUMINOL—H_2O_2—C10^- SYSTEM

The chemiluminescence (CL)behavior of luminol —H_2O_2—CIO^- system was studied,and the CL system can be used to determine hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2).Optimium data for the determination of H_2O_2 were provided and the effect of foreign ions was also discussed.

Chemiluminescence Behavior of Luminol-KIO₄-Ag Nanoparticles System and Its Analytical Applications

It was found that silver nanoparticles could strongly enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol-KIO4 system in the presence of Co2+. The most intensive CL signals were obtained with silver nanoparticles in diameter of 22 nm. The studies of UV-visible spectra and CL spectra were carried out to explore the possible CL enhancement mechanism. Moreover, the influences of 17 amino acids and 25 organic compounds on the luminol-KIO4-Co2+-Ag NPs CL system were studied by a flow injection procedure, which led to an effective method to detect these compounds.

Microfluidic Analytical System with On-Line Luminol Chemiluminescence Detection Based on Annular Flow of Phase Separation Multiphase Flow

Microfluidic analytical system was developed based on annular flow of phase separation multiphase flow with a ternary water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent solution. The analytical system was combined with on-line luminol chemiluminescence detection for catechin analysis. The water (10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.3)-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixed solution (3:8:4, volume ratio) containing 60 μM luminol and 2 mM hydrogen peroxide as a carrier was fed into the capillary tube (open-tubular fused-silica, 75 μm inner diameter, 110 cm effective length) at a flow rate of 1.0 μL·min-1. The carrier solution showed stable chemiluminescence as a baseline on the flow chart. Eight catechins were detected as negative peaks for their antioxidant potential with different detection times. The system was applied to analyze the amounts of catechin in commercially available green tea beverages.

Luminol-KIO_4-Triton X-100一Ru(Ⅳ)化学发光体系的研究及Au-Os-Ru中微量Ru的测定

本文首次用Triton X-100敏化Luminol-KIO_4-Ru(Ⅳ)发光体系,配合反相纸色谱法(PTSO为固定相)分离,化学发光法测定了Au-Os-Ru混合液中微量Ru,使Ru(Ⅳ)的检出限降至3.9×10^(-4)μg/mL,比文献值降低了近一个数量级。回收率可达95％～106％。 1 试剂和仪器 Luminol(Merk,95％);Triton X-100(Rohm-Maas,上海化学试剂厂分装);

流动注射-鲁米诺-KMnO_(4)化学发光抑制法测定鸡蛋中氟苯尼考残留含量

在碱性条件下,基于氟苯尼考会抑制鲁米诺-KMnO4化学发光,并且随着氟苯尼考浓度的增加,其抑制化学发光强度随之增强,从而建立流动注射-鲁米诺-KMnO4化学发光体系检测氟苯尼考的方法。分别探讨试剂用量、蠕动泵流速等参数条件对该发光强度的影响。优化条件下,在1.0×10^(-6)℃~1.0×10^(-4)g·mL^(-1)质量浓度范围内,氟苯尼考质量浓度与相对化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限(3σ)3.0×10^(-7)g·mL^(-1);对质量浓度8.0×10^(-5)g·mL^(-1)的氟苯尼考平行测定11次,RSD为4.88%。结果表明,建立的流动注射-化学发光分析方法简单快速,并将该方法应用于动物源性食品鸡蛋样中兽药氟苯尼考残留的分析,方法灵敏、准确、可靠,结果令人满意。

Luminol-H_2O_2化学发光体系检测铁蛋白

酸性介质中,铁蛋白（Ferritin）催化luminol-H2O2反应并产生很强的化学发光（CL）信号.基于此,建立了简便灵敏的化学发光检测铁蛋白的分析方法,其线性范围为0.5-10μg/L,检出限（3σ）为0.36μg/L,为铁蛋白作为纳米粒子标记物并直接检测提供了一种新的途径.

K_2S_2O_8-luminol化学发光体系检测银纳米粒子寡聚核苷酸探针研究

实验将3’端修饰巯基的寡聚核苷酸标记在纳米银粒子上，并基于银纳米粒子溶解后产生的Ag^＋对K2S2O8-luminol化学发光体系的催化作用，对标记寡聚核苷酸的银纳米粒子进行了定量检测．探讨了各种实验条件对该体系的影响并建立了最佳分析条件．其线性范围为5×10^-9～1×10^-6／mL，检出限（3σ）为2．0×10^-9g／mL．该方法操作简便，灵敏度高，为进一步的DNA杂交分析提供了一种新的检测手段．

科普实验——荧抚波澜,旖旎的化学发光

化学发光广泛存在于我们的生活中,因其具有无需激发光源、背景干扰小、灵敏度高等优势,而被广泛应用于临床诊断、食品检验、环境监测等领域。鲁米诺是一种最常用的液相化学发光试剂,以鲁米诺和维生素B_(2)为载体,分别在实验室和居家条件下开展了科普实验,利用铜丝、过氧化氢溶液、荧光素等简单原料,设计出“魔法召唤术”“化学之触手可及”“点亮中国”“动态地球”等多种展示方案。在展示过程中,从现象观察到发光机制阐释,再以动画形式推介相关生活小百科,循序渐进,在传递化学之美的同时传递出“人类命运共同体”的理念。该科普方案将化学与生活紧密联系,绿色安全、简便易行、现象诱人,具有很强的可操作性和体验性。

鲁米诺化学发光抑制法测定阿洛酮糖

建立一种流动注射化学发光测定阿洛酮糖的方法。基于碱性条件下,阿洛酮糖对鲁米诺-H_(2)O_(2)体系的发光强度具有显著的抑制作用,且发光信号的降低值(即相对发光强度)ΔI与阿洛酮糖浓度的对数在一定范围内成线性关系,建立了一种流动注射化学发光法测定阿洛酮糖的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为在0.002 mg·mL^(-1)~2.0 mg·mL^(-1)(R=0.9977),方法的检出限为4.3×10^(-4) mg·mL^(-1),对0.05 mg·mL^(-1)的阿洛酮糖连续测定11次,其相对标准偏差为3.1%。该方法用于果冻中阿洛酮糖含量的测定,与高效液相色谱法测得结果基本一致。

流动注射-Luminol/Tween 20化学发光体系测定邻苯二酚

基于邻苯二酚对luminol-Tween 20化学发光体系的强烈的抑制作用,建立了一种简单、灵敏的luminol-Tween 20化学发光体系测定邻苯二酚的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,方法的检出限为5.0×10-10mol/L,线性范围为1.0×10-9mol/L～1.0×10-7mol/L,对5.0×10-8mol/L邻苯二酚进行平行测定11次,其RSD为4.1%。该方法可应用于自来水样中邻苯二酚的测定。

基于流动注射化学发光的两种Luminol体系对重楼药材中总皂苷的分析检测研究

【目的】构建流动注射化学发光的2种Luminol体系检测重楼中总皂苷的含量.【方法】基于Luminol-H_(2)O_(2)和KMnO_(4)-Luminol-H+两种体系能产生化学发光,加入重楼皂苷后可抑制体系的发光强度.因此,构建流动注射化学发光检测重楼中总皂苷的分析方法,同时开展了方法验证和干扰试验,并对两种体系分别进行了流程及条件优化.在优化条件下,Luminol-H_(2)O_(2)和KMnO_(4)-Luminol-H+两种体系的相对发光强度分别与重楼皂苷Ⅶ浓度在一定范围内呈良好线性关系.【结果】该方法的检出限分别为0.2015μg/mL和0.1021μg/mL,平均回收率分别为99.96%和97.23%;检测样品中重楼总皂苷平均得率分别为21.138 mg/g和21.317 mg/g.【结论】所构建的两种化学发光体系,其线性检测范围宽、检出限低、精密度好,可用于重楼药材的品质分析和含量检测.