Microvascular alterations of the ocular surface and retina in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease

AIM:To examine the disparities in macular retinal vascular density between individuals with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease(CTD-ILD)and healthy controls(HCs)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and to investigate the changes in microvascular density in abnormal eyes.METHODS:For a retrospective case-control study,a total of 16 patients(32 eyes)diagnosed with CTD-ILD were selected as the ILD group.The 16 healthy volunteers with 32 eyes,matched in terms of age and sex with the patients,were recruited as control group.The macular retina’s superficial retinal layer(SRL)and deep retinal layer(DRL)were examined and scanned using OCTA in each individual eye.The densities of retinal microvascular(MIR),macrovascular(MAR),and total microvascular(TMI)were calculated and compared.Changes in retinal vascular density in the macular region were analyzed using three different segmentation methods:central annuli segmentation method(C1-C6),hemispheric segmentation method[uperior right(SR),superior left(SL),inferior left(IL),and inferior right(IR)],and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)methods[superior(S),inferior(I),left(L),and right(R)].The data were analyzed using Version 9.0 of GraphPad prism and Pearson analysis.RESULTS:The OCTA data demonstrated a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in macular retinal microvessel density between the two groups.Specifically,in the SRL and DRL analyses,the ILD group exhibited significantly lower surface density of MIR and TMI compared to the HCs group(P<0.05).Furthermore,using the hemispheric segmentation method,the ILD group showed notable reductions in SL,SR,and IL in the superficial retina(P<0.05),as well as marked decreases in SL and IR in the deep retina(P<0.05).Similarly,when employing the ETDRS method,the ILD group displayed substantial drops in superficial retinal S and I(P<0.05),along with notable reductions in deep retinal L,I,and R(P<0.05).In the central annuli segmentation method,the ILD group exhibited a significant decrease in the superficial retinal C2-4 region(P<0.05),whereas the deep retina showed a notable reduction in the C3-5 region(P<0.05).Additionally,there was an observed higher positive likelihood ratio in the superficial SR region and deep MIR.Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between conjunctival vascular density and both deep and superficial retinal TMI(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Patients with CTD-ILD exhibits a significantly higher conjunctival vascular density compared to the HCs group.Conversely,their fundus retinal microvascular density is significantly lower.Furthermore,CTD-ILD patients display notably lower superficial and deep retinal vascular density in comparison to the HCs group.The inverse correlation between conjunctival vascular density and both superficial and deep retinal TMI suggests that detecting subtle changes in ocular microcirculation could potentially serve as an early diagnostic indicator for connective tissue diseases,thereby enhancing disease management.

The Differences of Interstitial Lung Diseases in High-Resolution Computerized Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test among Different Connective Tissue Diseases, and the Correlated Factors

Objective. To study the difference of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in high-resolution computerized tomography and pulmonary function test among different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods. 209 patients with different CTDs were recruited and underwent lung HRCT and PFT. Eerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), anti-SSA, and so on were tested. Based on HRCT, a patient was classified into ILD group (CTD+ILD) or non-ILD group (CTD-ILD). HRCT, PFT, and laboratory markers were compared according to CTDs and CTD-associated ILDs. Results. The incidences of ILD were 79.6%, 82.0%, 89.7%, and 97.1% respectively for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjogren’s symptom (pSS), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) groups. RA and pSS patients exhibited more nodules, patching, ground-glass opacity, and cord shadow foci in HRCT, DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more reticular opacity and honeycombing foci. RA and pSS patients exhibited more obstructive ventilatory disorder, small airway dysfunction and emphysema in PFT, and DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more restrictive ventilatory disorder, mixed ventilatory disorder. ESR, CRP and SF were significantly higher in total CTD+ILD group than in total CTD-ILD group (P = 0.047, 0.006, 0.004, respectively), and higher in different CTD+ ILD groups than in comparable CTD-ILD groups (P = 0.049, 0.048, and 0.023, pSS+ILD, SSc+ILD and RA+ILD compared to pSS-ILD, SSc-ILD and RA-ILD, respectively for ESR, CRP, SF). The positive rate of anti-SSA was significantly higher in DM/PM+ILD group than in DM/PM-ILD group (P = 0.025). Conclusions. The manifestations and incidences of ILDs differ among different CTDs in HRCT and PFT, and inflammation and anti-SSA are positively correlated with ILDs in different CTDs, which provide important evidences for judging disease condition and prognosis.

Promising new treatment targets in patients with fibrosing lung disorders

The processes of lung fibrogenesis and fibrotic healing are common to a number of conditions with different etiologies. The lungs are the only affected organ in some cases, whereas in others, several organ systems are involved. Therapeutic options can be discussed from various perspectives. In this review, we address the localization of therapeutic targets with regard to cell compartments, including secreted ligands, cell surface, plasma membrane-cytosol interplay, cytosol and nucleus. Complex approach using stem cell therapy is also discussed. As the prognosis of patients with these disorders remains grim, treatment combinations targeting different molecules within the cell should sometimes be considered. It is reasonable to assume that blocking specific pathways will more likely lead to disease stabilization, while stem cell-based treatments could potentially restore lung architecture. Gene therapy could be a candidate for preventive care in families with proven specific gene polymorphisms and documented familial lung fibrosis. Chronobiology, that takes into account effect of circadian rhythm on cell biology, has demonstrated that timed drug administration can improve treatment outcomes. However, the specificrecommendations for optimal approaches are still under debate. A multifaceted approach to interstitial lung disorders, including cooperation between those doing basic research and clinical doctors as well as tailoring research and treatment strategies toward(until now) unmet medical needs, could improve our understanding of the diseases and, above all, provide benefits for our patients.

Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Connective Tissue Pathologies: Radiologic Features

Introduction: The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an important part in the diagnostic approach of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) by providing detailed information on the elementary lesion and the radiological pattern of ILD. Aim: to point out the role of HRCT in the diagnosis of ILD associated with CTD (ILD-CTD). Methods: A Retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2008 and 2017. Data of 24 patients presenting ILD-CTD were collected. A review of HRCT was performed by a radiologist without knowledge of the CTD. Results: Predominant elementary lesion of ILD associated with dermatomyositis (9 cases) was ground glass opacity (n = 9) followed by consolidation (n = 6). Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) was the most reported pattern (5 cases). Ground glass opacity was also the predominant elementary lesion for the 2 cases of scleroderma and in Sj&#246gren’s syndrome (4 cases/5). NSIP was the predominant radiological presentation in these two CTD. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia revealed Sj&#246gren’s syndrome in one case. In rheumatoid arthritis (6 cases), the elementary HRCT lesions were irregular interlobular septal thickening (n = 4) and honeycombing (n = 4) consistent with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) in 2 cases. Similarly UIP has been described for the 2 patients with lupus and mixed connective tissue disease. Conclusion: HRCT plays an important role in the management of ILD-CTD. Description of the HRCT elementary lesions and the radiological pattern of ILD can be helpful for CTD’s diagnosis.

A Novel Apprehension of the Primary Lung Meridian, Sinew Channel, Divergent Channel, Luo-Connecting Channel Acting as a Single Unit System to Serve Respiration Function Based on Modern Neurophysiology and Kinesiology

The TCM philosophy of a meridian and associated channels pertains to the specific function of one or more organs. We define the Lung Primary Meridian (LUM) together with the Lung Sinew (LUSC), Divergent (LUDC), Luo-connecting (LULCC) Channels as a system of routes plus some parts of the body (such as muscles) to fulfil respiration, as a main function under different situations. There is very limited information about the Lung associated channels in classical literature of TCM. With a clear focus on the function of respiration, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the biomedical consequence of stimulating the LUM, analysed the roles played by LUSC, LUDC, and LULCC. The updated LUM and LUDC include acupoints of other meridians, serving the same purpose of performing satisfactory respiration starting from checking the quality of the inflow through the nose. The LUSC includes the respiratory muscles (plus the associated connective tissues) extending to various parts of the body. The muscles of the limb (as part of the LUSC) embrace the nerves that provide routes for somatosensory reflexes and play the role of locomotion, providing voluntary respiration via the pectoralis muscles. The muscles of LUSC are bounded by stiff connective tissue layers, forming compartments, and are part of the pulley system for various body locomotions. Within a compartment, the interstitial fluid, blood, lymph flows must be potent to protect the associated nerves related to LUM;the healthy state of the LUSC also provides freedom of various types of locomotion. The LULCC exists because the vagus nerve has a part of it passing through the spinal cords all the way down to the sacrum domain, with exiting nerve innervating two-third of the large intestine. The crucial steps of our deductions are supported by experimental evidence based on modern neurophysiology and kinesiology. We discover that all the four channels stated above work as a unit system to allow respiration to be possible under various postures/conditions. The complexity of structures and processes is eased off by providing 29 figures and 13 tables for the relevant muscles and nerves. In addition to respiration, the Lung system in TCM context includes interaction of this system with the sweat gland and neuroendocrine system;such aspects will be left to another study.

姜虎汤对结缔组织病相关间质性肺病模型小鼠免疫炎性损伤的影响

[目的]探讨姜虎汤对博来霉素(BLM)诱导结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)模型小鼠肺间质病变的影响。[方法]采用SPF级雄性C57/BL6小鼠,经BLM(2 mg/kg)气管内滴注诱导间质性肺病模型,将造模成功的30只小鼠随机分为模型组6只、阳性药组6只、姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组各6只,另选6只未造模小鼠作为正常对照组。正常对照组和模型组予蒸馏水10 mL/(kg·d),阳性药组予泼尼松7.5 mg/(kg·d),姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组分别予姜虎汤26.66、13.33、6.67 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃给药,其中姜虎汤高剂量组每日分2次灌胃给药。干预4周后处死小鼠,采集肺组织标本。以苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)观察肺组织病理改变;蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)技术检测肺组织高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、单磷酸腺苷(AMP)活化蛋白激酶α1(AMPKα1)、磷酸化AMPKα1(pAMPKα1)蛋白表达水平。[结果]模型组小鼠较正常对照组有明显病理改变(P<0.01),主要表现在肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化;阳性药组肺组织炎症病变较模型组有改善(P<0.05);姜虎汤中、低组小鼠肺组织炎症细胞浸润较模型组有改善(P<0.05),姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组小鼠肺组织间质纤维化较模型组有改善(P<0.05)。Western Blot结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),AMPKα1、pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,姜虎汤中、低剂量组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),阳性药组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05),姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织中pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05);与阳性药组比较,姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织中TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显下调(P<0.05);姜虎汤各剂量组间比较,姜虎汤高剂量组TGF-β1蛋白表达水平与姜虎汤中剂量组差异明显(P<0.05)。[结论]姜虎汤中、低剂量组在改善小鼠肺组织炎症病理损伤,及抑制免疫炎性因子高表达的作用更具优势;姜虎汤高剂量组在改善小鼠肺组织间质纤维化、抑制纤维化生成因子高表达及上调免疫炎性抑制因子的作用更强。其分子机制可能与激活AMPK,从而抑制HMGB1/NF-κB/TGF-β1免疫炎性信号通路相关。

虎杖苷对间质性肺病模型小鼠免疫炎性代谢性损伤的影响

目的 探讨虎杖苷(Polydatin, PD)对博来霉素(Bleomycin, BLM)诱导肺间质病变小鼠的干预作用及机制。方法 采用SPF级雄性C57/BL6小鼠,体质量(20±2)g,经BLM气管内滴注诱导间质性肺病模型,将造模成功的30只小鼠按随机数表法分为模型组6只、阳性药组6只、PD高、中、低剂量组各6只,另选6只未造模小鼠作为正常对照组。正常对照组和模型组予蒸馏水10 ml/(kg·d),阳性药组给予泼尼松7.5 mg/(kg·d),PD高、中、低剂量组分别给予PD 200 mg/(kg·d)、100 mg/(kg·d)、50 mg/(kg·d)剂量灌胃给药,其中PD高剂量组2次/d灌胃给药。干预4周后处死小鼠,采集肺组织标本。以HE染色观察肺组织病理改变;RT-PCR技术检测肺组织AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平;Western Blot技术检测肺组织AMPKα1、pAMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α、HMGB1、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果 模型组小鼠较正常对照组有明显病理改变(P<0.01),主要表现在肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化;阳性药组肺组织炎症病变较模型组有改善(P<0.05);PD各治疗组小鼠出现肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化较模型组有改善(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示模型组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平较正常对照组有下降趋势,阳性药及PD各治疗组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平较模型组均有升高趋势;阳性药组及PD各组间变化无明显差异。Western Blot结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),AMPKα1、pAMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,阳性药组及PD高剂量组AMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PD高、低剂量组pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PD中剂量组PPARγ蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);阳性药组HMGB1、PD低剂量组NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05),其余各治疗组HMGB1、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65较模型组均有下降趋势;阳性药组及PD各组间变化无明显差异。结论 PD能够改善CTD-ILD模型小鼠肺组织炎症病理损伤,改善肺间质纤维化病理改变,抑制免疫炎性损伤,其作用机制可能是通过激活AMPKα1/PPARγ/PGC-1α信号通路,抑制下游免疫炎性因子HMGB1、NF-κB的高表达,改善肺组织免疫炎性损伤;抑制纤维化细胞因子TGF-β1的释放,改善肺组织免疫炎性损伤及间质纤维化。

CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者肺部微生物菌群特点及对肺纤维化的影响

目的探讨结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病(CTD-ILD)合并肺部感染患者肺部微生物菌群特点及对肺纤维化的影响。方法选取2021年2月至2022年5月在医院治疗的45例CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者作为观察组,同时选取45例CTD-ILD未合并肺部感染患者作为对照组,比较两组肺功能、高分辨CT(HRCT)肺纤维化评分,同时分析观察组病原菌分布情况。结果观察组用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%pred)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV 1%pred)、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(DLCO%pred)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(MEF)和残气容积(RV)低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组HRCT影像学斑片状、支气管扩张比率高于对照组(P<0.05),CT纤维化评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组病原菌分布:细菌分布中以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主,分别占24.44%和15.56%,病毒检出巨细胞病毒、人类疱疹病毒,分别占11.11%和6.67%,真菌检出白念珠菌,占11.11%。观察组年龄≥60岁患者CT纤维化评分高于年龄<60岁患者(P<0.05)。结论CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者以细菌感染为主;相比较未合并肺部感染患者,合并肺部感染患者肺纤维化较重。

智联无人船内河水深测量与抗水流能力评估

利用无人船无验潮测深与网络RTK技术开展内河水深测量试验,并从测深精度、路径跟踪及最大抗水流能力三个方面评估该自主研发无人船性能。结果表明,无人船水深测量精度高,满足相关规范要求,且无人船在水流速<2.0 m/s条件下,抗水流速能力强,路径跟踪精度良好,外业作业最大抗水流速安全阈值为5.0 m/s。

MS19通过抑制IRF5表达调控巨噬细胞极化减轻CTD-ILD肺部炎症的作用研究

目的 探讨MS19通过靶向干扰素调节因子5(IRF5)对结缔组织疾病相关肺间质病变(CTD-ILD)小鼠模型肺部炎症的治疗作用及其相关机制。方法 动物实验:构建CTD-ILD小鼠模型,予以MS19干预,研究MS19对CTD-ILD小鼠肺部炎症的影响。细胞实验:对RAW264.7细胞进行OE-IRF5转染,然后予以MS19干预,研究MS19对IRF5调控的巨噬细胞M1型极化及炎症反应的影响。结果 动物实验:CTD-ILD小鼠出现明显的肺部炎症,小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IRF5的表达增高、巨噬细胞M1型极化增加及促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)的表达升高;而MS19干预后,CTD-ILD小鼠的肺部炎症减轻,BALF中IRF5表达降低、巨噬细胞M1型极化减少及促炎因子表达下降。细胞实验:脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞M1型极化、促炎因子表达增加;转染OE-IRF5后,巨噬细胞M1型极化增加、促炎因子表达增加;MS19干预后,巨噬细胞M1型极化减少、促炎因子表达减少。结论 MS19通过靶向抑制IRF5调控巨噬细胞极化及炎症反应,从而改善CTD-ILD的肺部炎症,为防治CTD-ILD提供潜在靶点和候选药物。

Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory of lung being connected with large intestine

OBJECTIVE:The theory of lung being connected with large intestine,which is a major topic in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),has guided clinical practice for thousands of years in China.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed the history,main contents,clinical application,and material basis of the theory,to attempt to improve the potential clinical significance of "lung being connected with large intestine" in China.RESULTS:The lung being connected with large intestine was first described in "Huang Di Nei Jing",and formed one of the basic theories of TCM.For thousands of years,the majority of TCM practitioners explored this theory continuously,leading to its development and use as an important theory in the guidance of TCM clinics In the last decade,researchers in the field of integrated TCM and Western medicine have studied clinical applications and biomedical mechanisms with experimental methods to explore the implications of the theory.CONCLUSION:With the further development of science and technology,research concerning the theory of lung being connected with large intestine will be greatly stimulated and contribute to the modernization of TCM.

从气血同治探讨慢性气道疾病的异病同治

支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)同属慢性气道炎症疾病,在病机和治法上有一定的相似性,其都可通过调节气血以恢复肺气宣肃,行使正常生理功能。针对肺的生理功能和气血的关系,探讨支气管哮喘和慢阻肺的共同病机:支气管哮喘的基本病机是痰伏于肺,外邪引动,痰气互结,肺失宣降,并可兼有瘀血阻络之象;慢阻肺的病机以久病肺虚为本,加之痰浊、水饮、瘀血等病理产物,使得肺失宣降,本虚标实的病机随病程持续进展;进而从气血同治角度探讨支气管哮喘和慢阻肺2种慢性气道疾病的异病同治,得出“气血同治,畅通气道”的治疗理念。结合成药的应用,分析以此病机为指导的丹龙口服液组方特点和功效主治,为丹龙口服液异病同治2种气道疾病提供理论依据。

基于密集残差连接的肺结节检测方法

针对目前基于深度学习的肺结节检测算法中不同深度与尺寸的特征信息间没有相互交流的问题,提出了一种基于密集残差连接的肺结节检测模型。本模型在3D U-Net网络的基础上引入密集连接,充分利用网络中肺结节特征图,实现不同层的特征信息的结合,提高结节特征的利用率;同时结合残差结构,避免了网络加深后出现的梯度消失问题;引入通道注意力机制,对不同通道的结节特征赋予权重,提高结节的识别率;在3D U-Net网络的编码解码部分间的跳跃连接中使用转置卷积,融合不同尺度与不同深度的特征。所提算法在肺结节公共数据集LUNA16上进行十折交叉验证,以无限制受试者操作特征为评价指标,实验结果表明,在假阳率为0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8这7个点上,平均敏感度为0.852,相较于基准模型提升5.5%。所提出的肺结节检测算法相比基准模型提高了检测敏感度,较好的实现对肺结节的检测。

麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期的疗效

目的:探究麻杏泻白散联合西药对结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者临床疗效、肺功能、肿瘤标志物以及安全性的影响,为提升该疾病的临床治疗效果提供依据。方法:随机数字表法将安阳市中医院2022年2月—2023年2月收治的100例结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者分为2组,采用西药(醋酸泼尼松片+复方环磷酰胺片)治疗为对照组,采用麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗为观察组,每组均为50例,2组均连续治疗6个月。比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后2组肺功能(第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量、CO弥散量)、肿瘤标志物(癌胚抗原、神经原特异性烯醇化酶、糖类抗原199、糖类抗原125)、血清学指标(白细胞介素6、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值),以及治疗期间发生不良反应的情况。结果:观察组有效率高于对照组;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量、CO弥散量水平均上升,观察组比对照组高;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者癌胚抗原、神经原特异性烯醇化酶、糖类抗原199、糖类抗原125水平均下降,观察组比对照组低;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者白细胞介素-6、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值均下降,观察组比对照组低,差异均有统计学意义;治疗期间观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义。结论:麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者疗效显著,能够改善患者肺功能,减轻机体炎症反应,降低机体肿瘤标志物表达水平,且安全性良好。

抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体在结缔组织病中的临床价值分析

目的探讨抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体在结缔组织病(connective tissue disease,CTD)中的临床意义,分析其对结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD associated interstitial lung disease,CTD-ILD)的风险预测价值。方法纳入2019年10月至2021年1月在河北医科大学第二医院风湿免疫科住院并明确诊断为CTD的患者785例,并收集其临床资料。依据患者抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体的表达情况分为4组:Ro52^(+)Ro60^(-)组(n=94)、Ro52^(-)Ro60^(+)组(n=80)、Ro52^(+)Ro60^(+)组(n=251)和Ro52^(-)Ro60^(-)组(n=360);依据有无ILD将患者分为两组:CTD合并ILD组(n=243)和CTD不合并ILD组(n=542)。比较各组临床资料差异,采用logistic逐步回归进行多因素分析,评估抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体对CTD,尤其CTD-ILD的临床风险评估。结果患者抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体表达情况存在差异,不同组别间一般资料、临床症状、细胞因子、免疫球蛋白、补体和自身抗体方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性发生ILD的概率增加了56.7%;年龄每增加1岁,发生ILD的风险将增加3.8%;抗Ro52^(+)Ro60^(-)抗体的CTD患者比其他患者发生ILD的概率高。结论抗Ro52抗体阳性、男性和高龄是CTD患者发生ILD的独立危险因素。抗Ro52和抗Ro60抗体在CTD中作用复杂,应该替代传统的抗SSA抗体分别做为独立的抗体来进行检测。

补阳还五汤治疗气虚血瘀型结缔组织病相关间质性肺病临床研究

目的观察补阳还五汤加减治疗气虚血瘀型结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)的临床效果。方法将60例气虚血瘀型CTD-ILD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组予以常规西医治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用补阳还五汤加减治疗,共治疗4周。观察2组6 min步行试验、用力肺活量(FVC)。结果治疗后,2组的6 min步行试验、FVC均较治疗前改善,且治疗组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤加减治疗气虚血瘀型CTD-ILD能改善患者的呼吸困难症状,增强肺功能。

基于“肺与大肠相表里”理论和“整体观念”探讨慢性肺系病合并功能性便秘的诊治思路

慢性肺系病和功能性便秘均是临床常见的难治性疾病,且易合并出现。对二者分别进行干预是现代医学的常规治疗模式,但疗效及安全性均不能令人满意。课题组在临床实践中发现,中医药治疗慢性肺系病合并功能性便秘具有独特的优势。笔者在中医“肺与大肠相表里”理论和“整体观念”指导下,提出慢性肺系疾病合并功能性便秘的病机涉及肺失宣肃致腑气不通、大肠传导失司致肺气上逆、脾失健运、肾精亏损、气血两虚、久病瘀滞等方面,治疗当以“肺肠合治”为总则,辅以健脾益肾、补气养血以扶本虚,行气化瘀以祛实邪,并据此整理临床常用方药,系统总结了本病的中医诊治思路。

基于“肺合大肠”理论探讨肺纤维化中医病机

肺纤维化是一种以肺泡上皮细胞损伤、成纤维细胞病理性增殖转型、细胞外基质过度沉积导致肺组织结构破坏及功能丧失的呼吸系统疾病,病死率高且尚无较好治疗方法。本文以“肺合大肠”的中医认识即“肺与大肠相表里”理论为基础,以“肺合大肠”的现代医学认识即“肠-肺轴”理论为关键点,结合二者探讨相关机制,初步阐述中医药调控“肠-肺轴”治疗肺纤维化的内涵,为临床通过“肠-肺轴”治疗肺纤维化提供新思路。

托珠单抗在结缔组织病相关间质性肺病治疗中的进展及展望

结缔组织病(connective tissue disease,CTD)是一类累及多个器官和系统的自身免疫性疾病,肺部是其常见受累部位。间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)作为CTD的主要临床表现之一,常表现为肺间质的炎症或纤维化,导致患者肺功能受损,出现呼吸困难,生活质量降低。白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)可促进炎症反应,促进成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成,影响纤维化过程,在结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease,CTD-ILD)的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。托珠单抗是IL-6受体拮抗剂,近年来被广泛用于类风湿关节炎等CTD治疗,在CTD-ILD中也取得了一定的疗效。本文介绍了托珠单抗在CTD-ILD治疗中的进展,以期为CTD-ILD治疗策略的制定提供理论依据。

痰液检测评估结缔组织相关间质性肺病局部免疫的临床意义及进展

痰液检测作为一种应用广泛的无创性检查,可用于评估肺组织局部的免疫状态,但目前其在非感染性肺实质性疾病中的应用有限。本文回顾了近20年间关于肺间质病患者痰液的相关研究,总结痰液的获取方式和组成成分,以及痰液在多种结缔组织相关间质性肺病中的研究成果,探讨其临床诊断、治疗及随访应用价值。