Identification of overlay differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats with blast lung injury through comparative transcriptomics

Purpose:To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury(BLI)for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:This is an experimental study.The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment,which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats.Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria ofq≤0.05 and|log2 fold change|≥1.Following that,enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways.The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid,erythrocytes,and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity.Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats.Notably,49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern,with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation.Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI.Furthermore,the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes,including anterior gradient 2,ankyrin repeat domain 65,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1,and keratin 4,which exhibited up-regulation.Conclusions:Anterior gradient 2,ankyrin repeat domain 65,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1,and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis,diagnosis,and treatment of BLI.

Biomechanical modeling for the response of human thorax to blast waves

A simplified finite element model of a human thorax had been developed for probing into the mechani- cal response in simple and complex blast environments. The human thorax model was first created by CT images with blast loading applied via a coupled arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian method, allowing for a variety of loads to be considered. The goal is to analyze the maximum stress distri- butions of lung tissue and peak inward thorax wall velocity and to know the possible regions and levels of lung injury. In parallel, a mathematical model has been modified from the Lobdell model to investigate the detailed percentage of lung injury at each level. The blast loadings around the human tho- rax were obtained from the finite element model, and were then applied in the mathematical model as the boundary con- ditions to predict the normalized work of the human thorax lung. The present results are found in agreement with the modified Bowen curves and the results predicted by Axels- son＇s model.

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Purpose:Blast lung injury(BLI)is the most common damage resulted from explosion-derived shock wave in military,terrorism and industrial accidents.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying BLI induced by shock wave are still unclear.Methods:In this study,a goat BLI model was established by a fuel air explosive power.The key genes involved in were identified.The goats of the experimental group were fixed on the edge of the explosion cloud,while the goats of the control group were 3 km far away from the explosive environment.After successful modeling for 24 h,all the goats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and RNA sequencing.Gene ontology(GO)and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)analysis were performed to identify the main enriched biological functions of differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to verify the consistency of gene expression.Results:Of the sampled goat lungs,895 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed,and they were involved in 52 significantly enriched GO categories.KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were highly enriched in 26 pathways,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,antifolate resistance,arachidonic acid metabolism,amoebiasis and bile secretion,JAK-STAT,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Furthermore,15 key DEGs involved in the biological processes of BLI were confirmed by qRTPCR,and the results were consistent with RNA sequencing.Conclusion:Gene expression profiling provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BLI,which will help to set strategy for treating lung injury and preventing secondary lung injury induced by shock wave.