Observation on the Effect of Integrated Medical and Nursing Care in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Combined with Lung Cancer

Objective:To explore the effect of integrated medical and nursing care in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer.Methods:From August 2021 to August 2022,60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer were admitted.All patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis according to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and with lung cancer by pathology.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received daily nursing care,whereas the study group received integrated medical and nursing care.The sputum conversion rate,tumor remission rate,and quality of life of patients were observed and analyzed.Results:The item function score and symptom function score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the sputum conversion rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer,the application of integrated medical and nursing care can help consolidate the treatment effect and improve the quality of life of patients;thus,it is worthy of promotion and application.

Preoperative Exercise Testing Is a Better Predictor of Postoperative Complications than Pulmonary Function Testing for Patients with Lung Cancer

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of exercise testing (ET) for predicting postoperative complications in patients with impaired pulmonary function. Methods: Thirteen patients were prospectively enrolled. The enrollment criteria were FEV1.0% 8 by the Goddard classification or interstitial pneumonia on chest computed tomography. Patients underwent testing for pulmonary function, six-minute walking test (6MWT), and stair-climbing test (SCT). Postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (PCPCs) were recorded. Results: Four patients developed PCPCs. There were no significant differences between the patients with PCPCs (n = 4) and those without PCPCs (n = 9) for background data and PFT. The distances achieved in the 6MWT were 503 ± 72.7 m for patients without PCPCs and 369 ± 50.7 m for patients with PCPCs (p = 0.011). The SCT climbing heights were 20.4 ± 5.3 m for patients without PCPCs and 14.9 ± 4.0 m for patients with PCPCs (P = 0.187). Cut-off points, including a 6MFT distance of less than 400 m, SCT height lower than 15 m, and SCT climbing speed less than 8.5 m/min, were predictive of CPCP. Conclusions: Exercise testing is more feasible for predicting postoperative cardiopulmonary complications than stationary pulmonary function testing.

Radiomics model for distinguishing tuberculosis and lung cancer on computed tomography scans

BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)and lung cancer(LC)are common diseases with a high incidence and similar symptoms,which may be misdiagnosed by radiologists,thus delaying the best treatment opportunity for patients.AIM To develop and validate radiomics methods for distinguishing pulmonary TB from LC based on computed tomography(CT)images.METHODS We enrolled 478 patients(January 2012 to October 2018),who underwent preoperative CT screening.Radiomics features were extracted and selected from the CT data to establish a logistic regression model.A radiomics nomogram model was constructed,with the receiver operating characteristic,decision and calibration curves plotted to evaluate the discriminative performance.RESULTS Radiomics features extracted from lesions with 4 mm radial dilation distances outside the lesion showed the best discriminative performance.The radiomics nomogram model exhibited good discrimination,with an area under the curve of 0.914(sensitivity=0.890,specificity=0.796)in the training cohort,and 0.900(sensitivity=0.788,specificity=0.907)in the validation cohort.The decision curve analysis revealed that the constructed nomogram had clinical usefulness.CONCLUSION These proposed radiomic methods can be used as a noninvasive tool for differentiation of TB and LC based on preoperative CT data.

Postoperative Elevations of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and Platelet-to- lymphocyte Ratios Predict Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)are found to increase in patients who develop postoperative complications(PCs).The aim of the present study was to explore the association of the perioperative changes of NLR(ANLR)and PLR(OPLR)with PCs in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Clinical data of 509 patients,who were diagnosed with NSCLC and underwent thoracoscopic radical resection between January 1,2014 and July 31,2016 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery,West China Hospital,were reviewed.Patients were divided into PC and non-PC groups,and clinical characteristics including ANLR and APLR were compared between them.The optimal cut-off values of ONLR and APLR were determined by receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curves and patients were assigned to high ANLR/APLR and low ONLR/OPLR groups in terms of the cut-off values.Clinicopathologic characteristics and the incidence of different PCs were compared between the dichotomized groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for PCs.The results showed that the ANLR and APLR in the PC group were significantly higher than those in the non-PC group(P<0.001 for both).The optimal cutoff values of ANLR and APLR were 6.6 and 49,respectively.Patients with ANLR>6.6 or 0PLR>49 were more likely to experience postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)(P<0.001 for both).Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that smoking[odds ratio(OR):2.450,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.084--5.535,P=0.031)],tumor size(OR:1.225,95%CI:1.047-1.433,P=0.011),ANLR>6.6(OR:2.453,95%CI:1.2244.914,P-0.011)and APLR>49(OR:2.231,95%CI:1.182-4.212,P-0.013)were predictive of PPCs.In conclusion,the ONLR and APLR may act as novel predictors for PPCs in NSCLC patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung resection,and patients with ONLR>6.6 or APLR>49 should be treated more actively to prevent or reduce PPCs.

Pulmonary <i>Mycobacterium avium </i>Complex Disease Requiring Differentiation from Recurrence of Lung Cancer during the Follow-Up Period for Lung Cancer

Case 1 was a 49-year-old woman who visited with a dry cough. She had an underlying disease of lung adenocarcinoma and received cancer immunotherapy because of an ALK-positive response and several cancer chemotherapies. The clinical effect was a complete response. Chest CT was performed because of continuous dry cough, and a new tumor shadow was recognized in the lingula portion of the left upper lobe. We performed CT-guided lung biopsy and could aspirate pus-fluid. The culture test for acid-fast bacilli was positive and the causative microorganism was identified as Mycobacterium avium by the DDH method. The final diagnosis was pulmonary abscess due to M. avium. Treatment using combined chemotherapy including CAM was performed and a good clinical response was obtained. Case 2 was a 67-year-old man who had a past history of surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma eight and two years ago and received several cancer chemotherapies and radiation therapy. Because a new nodular shadow appeared in the right middle lobe one year ago and showed strong positivity on PET/CT, surgical resection was performed with the suspected recurrence of lung cancer. Subsequently, the histological diagnosis was epithelioid granuloma and a culture test of acid-fast bacilli was positive, with the identification of Mycobacterium intracellulare by the DDH method. Combined chemotherapy was not performed because the lesion was completely resected. Afterwards, a new nodular shadow appeared in the left lower lobe again and bronchoscopy was performed. Because M. intracellulare was isolated from the local specimen, we diagnosed the patient with recurrence of pulmonary MAC disease and combined chemotherapy including CAM was performed for one year. Finally, the nodular lesion disappeared. It is difficult to differentiate pulmonary MAC disease from lung cancer. Therefore, careful follow-up of patients with lung cancer while keeping in mind the possible complication of pulmonary MAC disease is necessary.

肺癌合并肺结核的蛋白组学图谱及差异表达蛋白功能分析

目的旨在分析肺癌合并肺结核(LC-PTB)患者的外周血蛋白组学特征,寻找其与肺癌(LC)患者的差异蛋白并对差异蛋白进行功能分析。方法研究共纳入8例LC-PTB患者和10例LC患者,LC均为经病理确诊且未接受任何治疗的初诊患者,PTB均为采样时结核杆菌病原性阳性。应用液相色谱-质谱串联技术对上述患者的外周血样本进行蛋白质组学检测,并评估其间的差异蛋白,进而通过生物信息学进行功能分析。结果两组共检测到5185种蛋白质,识别出190种差异蛋白,其中58种表达上调,132种表达下调。亚细胞定位分析显示,差异蛋白主要集中在细胞质、细胞核和细胞外基质。KEGG通路及GO分析进一步揭示了差异蛋白在免疫反应、新陈代谢和分泌调控等生物过程中的作用。蛋白质互作网络分析指出SORT1、SAR1B、RPS6KB1、VWF、SHC1、SRPRB、CTSD、TARDBP、RPLP0、PSMA2、RPS6、XPO1、PRKACB、HLA-DRB1等可能在LC-PTB发生发展中发挥重要作用。此外,ADA2、MAP3K1、GLS2等蛋白的表达变化也可能与LC-PTB的发展密切相关。结论蛋白组学图谱全面描述了LC-PTB的蛋白组学特征并发现众多表达差异蛋白,有望为LC-PTB生物学机制研究提供进一步的线索。

MSCT对肺结核合并肺癌漏诊、误诊分析及治疗转归评估

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对肺结核合并肺癌漏诊、误诊分析及治疗转归。方法选取河南省胸科医院2018年1月至2023年7月收治的60例肺结核合并肺癌患者作为观察组,40例单纯肺结核患者作为对照组。分析两组患者临床症状、影像学表现、漏诊和误诊情况,比较两组患者MSCT参数和肺功能检查仪检查结果,分析MSCT参数与肺功能参数的相关性;对观察组患者进行预后追踪随访,随访时间均在3年以上,比较预后不良组与预后良好组MSCT参数,受试者特征曲线(ROC)曲线分析MSCT各项参数预测肺结核合并肺癌临床疗效的价值。结果临床症状方面,观察组咳嗽患者多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);影像学方面,观察组钙化、空洞低于对照组,分叶征、毛刺征、肺不张多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌漏诊6例,误诊10例;观察组深吸气末全肺容积(Vin)、深呼气末全肺容积(Vex)、肺容积比(Vex/Vin)、深吸气末平均肺密度(MLDin)、深呼气末平均肺密度(MLDex)、单位体积密度高于对照组,肺容积差(Vin-Vex)低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Vin与肺总量(TLC)相关性最佳,呈正相关(r=0.75,P<0.05),Vex与残气容积(RV)相关性最佳,呈正相关(r=0.84,P<0.05),Vex/Vin与用力肺活量(FVC)相关性最佳,呈负相关(r=-0.82,P<0.05),Vin-Vex与FVC相关性最佳,呈正相关(r=0.79,P<0.05);预后不良组Vin、Vex、Vex/Vin高于预后良好组,Vin-Vex低于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Vin、Vex、Vex/Vin、Vin-Vex的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.633、0.758、0.782、0.870;敏感度分别为70.00%、47.50%、62.50%、92.50%;特异度分别为56.67%、95.00%、83.33%、71.67%。结论MSCT对肺结核合并肺癌的漏诊率、误诊率较低,MSCT参数与肺功能存在良好相关性,其对预测患者治疗效果有一定价值。

ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预在肺癌手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预在肺癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法 选取在笔者所在医院胸外科行手术治疗的96例肺癌患者为研究对象。按照入院先后顺序,将2023年5月-6月收治的48例肺癌患者设为对照组,将2023年7月-8月收治的48例肺癌患者设为观察组。对照组接受肺癌围术期常规护理,观察组接受ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预,比较2组肺功能指标、术后肺部并发症发生率、胸管留置时间及住院时间。结果 干预后,观察组第1秒用力呼气量、用力肺活量和第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值均高于对照组(t=5.913,P<0.001;t=2.616,P=0.010;t=3.317,P=0.001),术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组(χ2=9.095,P=0.003),胸管留置时间及住院天数均短于对照组(t=5.071,P<0.001;t=5.309,P<0.001)。结论 将ADOPT护理模式及呼吸训练导航干预联合应用于肺癌手术患者中,可降低术后肺部并发症的发生率,促进患者术后肺复张,缩短胸管留置时间及住院天数。

临床常用指标在肺结核高发地区对结核性及恶性孤立性肺结节的鉴别诊断效能评价

目的:探讨临床常用指标在肺结核高发地区对孤立性肺结核结节鉴别诊断的价值。方法:收集2019年12月至2023年4月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸外科收治并手术切除病理为肺结核和肺癌的536例SPN患者作为研究对象,对比记录并统计分析临床常用指标的危险因素,获得一个预测模型。结果:结核组男性发病率、非老年患者(<60岁)、少数民族比例、毛刺征、入院时血清CRP、ESR、T-SPOT、AFP、CEA高于肺癌组,均无血管集束征,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);建立二元Logistic回归模型,结果显示男性、<60岁、少数民族、有临床症状、SPN毛刺征、血清CRP、ESR、T-SPOT呈高表达是SPN恶性病变的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线结果显示,T-SPOT AUC值为0.7,预测价值较理想,其余单个危险因素AUC均>0.5,预测价值一般;但联合诊断AUC为0.905,特异度为0.823,灵敏度为0.922,预测价值高。结论:新疆作为肺结核病高发地区,结核和肺癌SPN目前难以通过单一检测手段明确鉴别,对于男性、中青年、少数民族、有明显临床症状、胸部CT检查考虑良性可能、血清CRP、ESR、T-SPOT呈高表达的SPN患者,若无明显倍增或其他恶性征象,可考虑定期随访,暂缓手术。

呼吸训练器对胸腹腔镜食道癌根治术后患者肺功能及排痰效果的影响

目的探讨呼吸训练器对行胸腹腔镜食道癌根治术治疗后患者肺功能及排痰效果的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年6月医院收治的88例经胸腹腔镜食道癌根治术治疗的患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组44例。对照组予常规呼吸锻炼,观察组在对照组基础上采用呼吸训练器锻炼,均干预7d。比较两组干预前后肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)]、干预后日均排痰量及术后肺部并发症发生率。结果干预后,两组FEV_(1)和FVC均高于干预前,且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组干预后日均排痰量多于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论呼吸训练器用于胸腹腔镜食道癌根治术后较单纯常规呼吸锻炼更有优势,不仅可改善患者肺功能,且可加快痰液排出,降低肺部并发症发生风险。

营养护理在老年肺癌合并肺结核患者中的应用效果

目的探讨营养护理在老年肺癌合并肺结核患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月九江市第三人民医院肿瘤科收治的老年肺癌合并肺结核患者90例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分组,将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上,采用营养护理干预。比较两组的营养指标、免疫指标、生活质量评分。结果观察组护理后的体重高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组护理后的白蛋白、血红蛋白、前白蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组护理后的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05)。两组护理前后的生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组护理后的生活质量评分高于对照组护理后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年肺癌合并肺结核患者而言,营养护理干预措施,便于改善营养指标水平,提高机体免疫功能与生活质量,值得临床采纳。

术前强化呼吸训练对肺癌患者术后肺功能、肺相关并发症的影响

目的:探讨术前强化呼吸训练对肺癌患者术后肺功能、肺相关并发症的影响。方法:选择鹰潭市人民医院收治的肺癌患者80例为研究对象,病例来源时间为2020年1月—2022年10月,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各40例。所有患者均实施肺癌根治术治疗,对照组实施围手术期常规护理,此基础上,观察组患者开展术前强化呼吸训练。比较两组第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV_(1)%pred)、FEV_(1)占用力肺活量百分比(FEV_(1)/FVC%)、Borg评分、6分钟步行试验(6MWT)距离,以及术后肺不张、胸腔积液、肺部感染及低氧血症发生情况。结果:干预前,两组FEV_(1)%pred、FEV_(1)/FVC%、Borg评分、6MWT距离比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,两组FEV_(1)%pred、FEV_(1)/FVC%、6MWT距离均低于干预前,Borg评分均高于干预前,但观察组FEV_(1)%pred、FEV_(1)/FVC%、6MWT距离均高于对照组,Borg评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组肺相关并发症发生率(7.50%)低于对照组(25.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前强化呼吸训练可减少肺癌患者术后相关并发症的发生,预防肺功能恶化,利于肺功能恢复,干预效果满意。

肺癌合并肺结核患者营养风险及其影响因素研究

目的 探讨肺癌合并肺结核感染患者的营养风险及影响因素,为肺癌合并肺结核感染患者的营养管理提供参考。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年12月浙江省中西医结合医院收治的174例肺癌合并肺结核患者为研究对象,收集其一般情况、临床资料及营养风险评价,并对其营养风险情况进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果 肺癌合并肺结核患者不同体重指数(BMI)、结核菌涂片/培养、血红蛋白、白蛋白及C反应蛋白的营养风险评价差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺炎合并肺结核患者不同年龄、性别、吸烟史、结核类型、耐药结核的营养风险评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多因素logistic分析,结果显示BMI(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.239~1.863)和血红蛋白(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.517~0.757)是肺癌合并肺结核患者营养风险评价情况的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 不同BMI和血红蛋白是肺癌合并肺结核感染患者的营养风险及影响因素,可制订计划,在营养管理方面为肺癌合并肺结核感染患者提供更好的方案,为其提供理论依据。

老年早期肺癌患者应用胸腔镜肺叶切除术的效果及安全性

目的:探究老年早期肺癌患者应用胸腔镜肺叶切除术的效果和手术安全性。方法:选择2020年3月—2023年3月泗洪中信医院胸外科收治的76例老年早期肺癌患者作为研究对象。根据计算机随机编号分为对照组与试验组,各38例。对照组实施常规开胸手术,试验组行胸腔镜肺叶切除术。比较两组围手术期相关指标、炎症指标、术后并发症发生情况。结果:试验组引流时间、手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组C反应蛋白(CRP)、前清蛋白(PA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组CRP、IL-6高于术前,PA低于术前,但试验组CRP、IL-6低于对照组,PA高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组并发症发生率为2.63%,显著低于对照组的15.79%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:同常规开胸手术相比,老年早期肺癌患者应用胸腔镜肺叶切除术的效果显著,可以显著缩短引流时间、住院时间,降低炎症水平和术后疼痛程度,术后安全性良好。

老年肺癌患者术前气道定植菌及术后肺部并发症发生的相关因素研究

目的探讨老年肺癌患者术前定植菌及术后肺部并发症发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析80例老年肺癌患者的临床资料。所有患者术前均行气道定植菌筛查,依据是否存在气道定植菌分阳性组与阴性组,分析老年肺癌患者术前气道定植菌的危险因素;术后依据是否发生肺部并发症分为发生组与未发生组,分析影响老年肺癌患者术后肺部并发症的危险因素。结果80例老年肺癌患者中气道定植菌阳性率为37.50%(30/80),术后肺部并发症发生率为36.25%(29/80);单因素分析显示,SP-D、吸烟史与老年肺癌患者术前气道定植菌有关(P<0.05);多因素显示,SP-D<30 ng/ml、吸烟为影响老年肺癌术前气道定植菌的高危因素(P<0.05且OR>1);单因素显示,年龄、SP-D、吸烟史、气道定植菌、手术时间与老年肺癌术后肺部并发症的发生有关(P<0.05);多因素显示,年龄≥70岁、SP-D<30 ng/ml、吸烟、气道定植菌阳性、手术时间≥2 h为老年肺癌术后肺部并发症发生的高危因素(P<0.05且OR>1)。结论老年肺癌患者受SP-D<30 ng/ml、吸烟等影响,术前气道定植菌阳性较高,而年龄≥70岁、SP-D<30 ng/ml、吸烟、气道定植菌阳性、手术时间≥2 h为老年肺癌术后肺部并发症发生的高危因素,临床据此在围术期采取针对性干预措施,以降低术后肺部并发症风险。

肺楔形切除术与解剖性肺叶切除术对早期肺癌患者术后康复的影响

目的探讨肺楔形切除术与解剖性肺叶切除术对早期肺癌患者术后康复的影响。方法选取2019年1月—2022年1月大理白族自治州人民医院收治的84例早期肺癌患者作为研究对象,根据不同术式将其分为对照组和研究组,各42例,对照组行胸腔镜下解剖性肺叶切除术,研究组行胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术,比较两组患者手术相关指标、炎症反应、并发症发生率、术后肺功能指标及术后随访1年的复发率、转移率、病死率及累计生存率。结果研究组疼痛持续时间、胸腔引流时间、首次下床时间及住院时间均较对照组短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后两组患者白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、超敏C-反应蛋白(Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein,hs-CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Mecrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)水平较术前均明显升高,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,占,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后两组患者第一秒用力呼气容积(Forced Expiratory Volumem One Second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity,FVC)、呼气峰流速(Peak Expiratory Flow,PEF)、最大通气量(Maximum Ventilation Volume,MVV)及肺活量(Vital Capacity,VC)水平较术前均明显降低,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访期间研究组与对照组患者在复发率、转移率、病死率及累积生存率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在早期肺癌患者治疗中肺楔形切除术较解剖性肺叶切除术更有利于降低机体炎症反应,对肺功能影响小,术后并发症少,恢复时间短,对患者术后康复具有促进作用。

呼吸运动康复护理对肺结核患者自护能力及肺功能的改善分析

目的探讨肺结核患者呼吸运动康复护理的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月—2021年12月本院收治的122例肺结核患者为研究对象,并按照随机分组法分为研究组和对照组。对照组实施常规干预,研究组在对照组基础上实施呼吸运动康复护理。就两组自护能力、肺功能和并发症情况予以对比、分析。结果研究组各项自护能力评分均较对照组高(P<0.05);研究组干预后FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC指标均较对照组高(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论对肺结核患者施以呼吸运动康复护理,有助于提高患者的自护能力,改善其肺功能,整体实施效果较好。

Inter-Observer Variability in the Detection and Interpretation of Chest X-Ray Anomalies in Adults in an Endemic Tuberculosis Area

Purpose: To assess the inter-observer agreement in reading adults chest radiographs (CXR) and determine the effectiveness of observers in radiographic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a tuberculosis endemic area. Methods: A quasi-observational study was conducted in the Pneumology Department of Yaounde Jamot Hospital (Cameroon) from January to March 2014. This included six observers (two chest physicians, two radiologists, two end-training residents in medical imaging) and 47 frontal CXRs (4 of diffuse interstitial lung disease, 6 normal, 7 of lung cancers, 7 of bacterial pneumonia, 23 of PTB). The sample size was calculated on the basis of an expected 0.47 Kappa with a spread of 0.13 (α = 5%, CI = 95%) for six observers and five diagnostic items. The analysis of concordance was focused on the detection of nodules, cavitary lesions, pleural effusion, adenomegaly and diagnosis of PTB and lung cancer. These intervals of kappa coefficient were considered: discordance (0.81). Results: The average score for the detection of caverns was the highest (58.3%) followed by that of the correct diagnosis of tuberculosis (49.3%). Pneumologists had the highest proportions of correct diagnosis of tuberculosis (69.6% and 73.9%) and better inter-observer agreement (k = 0.71) for PTB diagnosis. Observers were more in agreement for the detection of nodules (0.32 - 0.74), adenomegalies (0.43 - 0.69), and for the diagnosis of cancer (0.22 - 1) than for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (0.19 - 0.71). Disagreements were more frequent for the detection of pleural effusions (-0.08 - 0.73). Conclusion: The inter-observer agreement varies with the type of lesions and diagnosis. Pneumologists were most effective for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Observers were more in agreement for the detection of nodules and the diagnosis of cancer than for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Innovative integration of lung ultrasound and wearable monitoring for predicting pulmonary complications in colorectal surgery:A prospective study

BACKGROUND Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)are common in patients who undergo colorectal surgery.Studies have focused on how to accurately diagnose and reduce the incidence of PPCs.Lung ultrasound has been proven to be useful in preoperative monitoring and postoperative care after cardiopulmonary surgery.However,lung ultrasound has not been studied in abdominal surgeries and has not been used with wearable devices to evaluate the influence of postoperative ambulation on the incidence of PPCs.AIM To investigate the relationship between lung ultrasound scores,PPCs,and postoperative physical activity levels in patients who underwent colorectal surgery.METHODS In this prospective observational study conducted from November 1,2019 to August 1,2020,patients who underwent colorectal surgery underwent daily bedside ultrasonography from the day before surgery to postoperative day(POD)5.Lung ultrasound scores and PPCs were recorded and analyzed to investigate their relationship.Pedometer bracelets measured the daily movement distance for 5 days post-surgery,and the correlation between postoperative activity levels and lung ultrasound scores was examined.RESULTS Thirteen cases of PPCs was observed in the cohort of 101 patients.The mean(standard deviation)peak lung ultrasound score was 5.32(2.52).Patients with a lung ultrasound score of≥6 constituted the high-risk group.High-risk lung ultrasound scores were associated with an increased incidence of PPCs after colorectal surgery(logistic regression coefficient,1.715;odds ratio,5.556).Postoperative movement distance was negatively associated with the lung ultrasound scores[Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(r),-0.356,P<0.05].CONCLUSION Lung ultrasound effectively evaluates pulmonary condition post-colorectal surgery.Early ambulation and respiratory exercises in the initial two PODs will reduce PPCs and optimize postoperative care in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Anesthesia Management for Pulmonary Cryoablation

Lung tumors represent a major health impact globally. Pulmonary cryoablation treatment as a palliative measure for patients with non-operable pulmonary lesions has gained popularity over the last decade. With increasing case load and patients medical status becoming more complex, preparation for pulmonary cryoablation requires the implementation of an enhanced perioperative anesthetic plan. Current literature as well as our institutional experience shows that this patient population presents with multiple comorbidities raising the challenge of providing anesthetic care. These procedures are done under challenging conditions with limited resources and in remote locations in the hospital. A team approach by the anesthesiologist, thoracic surgeon, and interventional radiologist is critical to the success of this treatment. The present review examines our institution’s anesthetic management of percutaneous cryoablation treatment (PCT) in the treatment of non-operable lung cancer and metastases. The objective of this article is to review the current literature guidelines and to discuss our retrospective institutional experience in anesthesia management of PCT procedures.