The Impact of Delays during the Pandemic Months on Survival of Lung Cancer Patients in Canada in 2020

Background and Purpose: Most cancer deaths in the world are due to lung cancer and diagnosis and treatment delays sharply reduce survival in lung cancer patients. This study examined the impact of delays during the early months of the pandemic on the survival of newly identified lung cancer patients in Canada in 2020. Method: This was a secondary data analysis from published literature and openly available data sources. Cancer Statistics from existing literature were used as a proxy for the month-wise distribution of lung cancer cases in Canada. The incidence of lung cancer, using population statistics from Statistics Canada and incidence rates from the Canadian Cancer Statistics in 2020, was estimated. The population-based Excel model employed compounded cuts on the incidence to arrive at the outcomes. Plotdigitzer.com tool was used to digitize the survival versus time curves for each stage from secondary sources. Stage-wise incidences for each sex were calculated for each age group for each month of 2020. Using delay impact on each stage the final results were calculated. Results: A total of 5004 life years would have been lost due to 448 deaths in the long term (40 months) attributed to the delays caused during March, April, May and June in Canada. The estimated incidence for all stages of lung cancer for these months was 9801 although the observed incidence was expected to be 6571 due to reduced screenings. Hence, it was within the missing 3231 cases that delays would occur. Over the short term (10 months) there are expected to be 151 early deaths and 273 deaths in the intermediate-term (20 months). Conclusions: This study using a mathematical model showed that in 2020, the COVID epidemic resulted in higher mortality and fewer lung cancer diagnoses in Canada. As a result of the delays in assessment, screening, and treatment that accompanied the pandemic lockdowns, there has been a rise in total life years lost due to lung cancer, demonstrating the pandemic’s huge impact on lung cancer patients.

Elderly Lung Cancer Patients and Radiochemotherapy: A Review

More than 60% of lung cancer patients in Europe and the USA are older than 65 years at the time of diagnosis. Despite this, elderly patients are generally under-represented in clinical trials. That being so, a general consensus on how to treat elderly patients is still far from being achieved. In this review, we address some of the issues and challenges surrounding the treatment of older cancer patients and radiochemotherapy. We discuss the existing evidence related to radio-chemotherapy in the elderly, focusing primarily on the lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC) most commonly seen in older patients, and making general treatment recommendations.

Implantable Venous Access Ports for Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients: Comparison of the Femoral and Subclavian Vein Approaches without Guidance

Background: The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare the initial success rate and rate of intraoperative and late complications between the femoral and subclavian vein approaches used to implant venous access ports without guidance in lung cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of total 163 lung cancer patients who underwent implantations of a central venous access port for chemotherapy. 95 patients received the ports by the femoral vein blind-puncture technique and 68patients had the port implanted via the subclavian vein blind-puncture technique. The initial success rate of port implantation and the frequency of occurrence of complications were calculated. Results: The primary success rate of venous port implantation was 93.7% for femoral approach and 88.2% for the subclavian approach respectively (p < 0.05). Intraoperative complications developed in two patients (2.1%) in the femoral approach group and in five patients (7.4%) in the subclavian approach group. Although a higher intraoperative complication ratio for the subclavian approach was encountered compared to that for the femoral vein approach, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.103). Nor was there any statistically significant difference in terms of the occurrence of late complications. Conclusions: Venous access port implantation via the femoral vein approach is safe, and its success rate is very high, with the equal complication rates comparable to the subclavian approach. This approach avoids many of the intraoperative complications. Thus, the femoral vein approach for implanting a venous access port in lung cancer patients should be considered a valid, and safe technique.

Quality of life of hospitalized patients after lung cancer operation and analysis of influencing factors

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of quality of life in patients with lung cancer after surgery in a tertiary hospital in Hainan province.Methods:To investigate the influencing factors of quality of life of lung cancer patients after surgery in a tertiary hospital in Hainan province by cross‑sectional survey method.Results:The scores of insomnia,appetite loss,constipation and pain in 186 lung cancer patients after surgery in a tertiary hospital in Hainan Province were significantly higher than the reference value.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that older patients(>60 years)had lower scores in physical function domain(β=-0.193),and female patients had more appetite loss symptoms(β=0.245).Compared with other minority ethnic groups,Han ethnic group had lower scores in role function domain(β=0.179),more severe fatigue symptoms(β=-0.162),and higher general health level(β=0.166).Patients with employee medical insurance had lower scores of emotional function(β=0.194),cognitive function(β=0.281),the lowest score in social function(β=0.188),and severe pain in other parts(β=-0.227).Smokers had less cough symptoms(β=0.175)and more arm and shoulder pain symptoms(β=-0.21)than non‑smokers.Patients with secondhand smoke exposure had lower cognitive function scores(β=-0.158)and more obvious symptoms of oral ulcer(β=0.185).Patients who drank alcohol frequently(drinking frequency>1 time/day)had more severe cough symptoms(β=0.27).Patients with small number of children(0‑1)had milder cough symptoms(β=0.178).Patients who did not understand the disease had obvious symptoms of arm and shoulder pain(β=0.151).Patients with early pathological stage(stageⅠ‑Ⅱ)had more severe shortness of breath(β=-0.159)and pain(β=-0.181).The symptoms of appetite loss were more obvious in patients living in cities(β=0.192).The symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were more obvious(β=0.174).Patients who often consumed pickulated food had severe pain symptoms(β=-0.219),and pain in other parts was obvious(β=-0.149).Male patients had obvious alopecia symptoms(β=-0.306).Conclusion:Age,ethnicity,residence,type of medical insurance,number of children,pathological stage of lung cancer,smoking,second‑hand smoke exposure,alcohol consumption,and frequent consumption of pickled food were related to the quality of life of lung cancer patients in hospital after surgery.Medical staff and family members should pay attention to the emotional communication of patients during the treatment of lung cancer patients in hospital after surgery.Patients should avoid exposure to smoking,alcohol and second‑hand smoke,and reduce consumption of pickled food.

The Process of How Elderly Patients with Lung Cancer Who Are Receiving Molecularly Targeted Therapy with Oral Agents Establish Self-Management

Purpose: In Japan, many elderly cancer patients are receiving chemotherapy using oral molecularly targeted drugs. They receive treatment in outpatient setting and have a need to self-manage at home. The purpose of this study was to clarify how elderly patients with lung cancer who are undergoing treatment with molecularly targeted drugs in outpatient setting establish self-management. Methods: The study used Kinoshita’s Modified Grounded Theory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients (eight males and nine females). Results: This study identified six categories: Accepting life with cancer, Maintaining activities of daily living without feeling shackled by cancer, Reconsidering how to continue being themselves in daily life until life comes to an end, Using trial and error to integrate treatment and daily living, Formulating their criteria for continuing treatment, and Obtaining help from caregivers. Conclusion: The self-management process in elderly patients consisted of maintaining treatment and integrating treatment with daily living. And they are exploring the effects of treatment and side effects in order to live their own life. Implications for Nursing: In many elderly patients with lung cancer the purpose of treatment is curative extension of survival and improved quality of life. Our findings suggest that is important we help patients to identify how patients want to live, identify ways to improve their quality of life, and share the goals of treatment between the patient and the caregiver.

Are the data on quality of life and patient reported outcomes from clinical trials of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer important?

Majority of the patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)experience two or more disease related symptoms,which may have a negative impact on their health-related quality of life(HR QOL).These patients prefer a therapy that would improve disease related symptoms,as opposed or treatment that slightly prolongs their survival without improving symptoms.The improvements of the symptoms augment the significance of improved response rates or progression free survivals.The choice of the questionnaires to evaluate patients-reported outcomes(PROs)and HRQOL benefits and methods of collecting the data and their interpretations are very important and are discussed in this manuscript.PROs and HR QOL outcomes are important in patients with advanced NSCLC only when the data are collected and analyzed correctly.Then they can be viewed as components of the total value of a treatment,providing a comprehensive picture of the benefits and risks of anticancer therapies.Enabling the patients to feel during the last months of their lives more comfortable and not be dependent on their loved ones is a very important task in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Perioperative considerations in patients with non small cell lung cancer and metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes

Since the latest revision of the TNM system reclassified T3N0 tumours into the ⅡB stage, N2 lesions became the major determinant of the ⅢA stage. Concerning the minority of patients with T3N1 tumours in this stage,

Risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years

Objective This study is to analyse the clinical feature and risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years. Methods The clinical records of 222 patients older than 70 years who had undergone pulmonary resection for their lung cancer were reviewed. The patients were divided into 3 groups,group I including the patients who had

The Results Observation on Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Microwave Hyperthermia and Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Retreated Elderly Patients with Advanced (III/IV Stage) Lung Cancer

Objective: To evaluate the significance of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (Gamma-knife) in the elderly patients with retreated advance lung cancer. Methods 83 patients (age 50 to 81 years) with retreating advanced (III/IV stage) lung cancer were divided into three groups according to patients received treating by different methods. The cases were treated by synchronous chemo-radiotherapy (A group), sequentially chemo-radiotherapy (B group) and continuous systematized chemotherapy alone (C group). The systemic 3-dimensional orientation apparatus was used in radiotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen in combined radiotherapy was given by common first line regimen on lung cancer. The regimen of chemotherapy combated with whole body hyperthermia by using micro-wave on abodeman about 2 or 3 line was used in C group only. Results: The overall responses rates (RR) of A, B and C groups were 17.1%, 11.5% and 31.8%, but it was non-significance difference (P > 0.05). Overall responses rates (RR) of III and IV stage groups were 18.2% and 20.0%. The average overall survival time (OS) and median survival time (MST) of the patients treated by chemotherapy (C group) were highest about 14.2 and 9.3 months (respectively at A group 6.7 and 6.0 months. P < 0.01), in which B group was longer than A group (P < 0.05), and 95.5% CI value was not overlap. The total survival time of postoperative patients was longer in the various groups by different treated than that in non-operations. Conclusion: The rates (RR) of III and IV stage groups were non-significance difference. The higher of ORR, OS and MST in a few patients of re-treated advanced lung cancer was presented in case with treated by continuous system chemotherapy. There were survival superiority in initial postoperative patients groups by different treated. It is a profitable and effect treatment that the pure reasonable systemic chemotherapy was used for elderly case with advanced retreated lung cancer.

Expression of endostatin in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with lung cancer

Objective To evaluate the expression of endostatin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum in patients with lung cancer,and to analysis the relationship between endostatin expression and clinical prognosis as well as pathophysiological characteristics. Methods The samples of serum and BALF were obtained from 57

Determination of Carboplatin Dose by Area Under the Curve in Combination Chemotherapy for Senile Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin (CBP) at AUC of 5 mg·Ml-1·min-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty-five Chinese senile patients with NSCLC in advanced stage (Ⅲ/Ⅳ) were given 96 cycles of combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy schedules included Taxol+CBP, Gemzar+CBP and NVB+CBP. The dose of CBP was at 5 mg·mL-1·min-1 of area under the concen- tration-time curve (AUC). Side effects and quality of life were observed before and after the chemo- therapy. Myelosuppression was severe and commonly observed. Grade 3/4 of granulocytopenia was found in 47.9% (46/96) of the patients and grade 3/4 of thrombocytopenia was noted in 28.1% (27/96) of the subjects. However, other side effects were slight. The mean score of quality of life (QOL), ac- cording to the criteria of QOL for Chinese cancer patients had reduced 6.8. At 5 mg·mL-1·min-1 by AUC, the hematological toxicity of CBP was severe and it had some negative effects on the QOL. The administration of CBP at 5 mg·mL-1·min-1 by AUC may be too high for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

基于信息技术的肺癌患者报告结局研究:范围综述

目的:对信息技术在肺癌患者报告结局中的应用研究进行范围综述,以了解当前研究现状,为未来相关研究及应用提供参考。方法:检索PubMed、EMbase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库,检索时限为建库至2024年1月。对纳入文献进行文献筛选、数据提取、总结并报告研究结果。结果:共纳入19篇文献。从研究设计特征、患者报告结局评估方法及评价指标等方面进行总结。结论:基于信息技术的肺癌患者报告结局具有一定的临床可行性,有助于及时了解肺癌患者治疗前后的症状体验,及时采取管理措施。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂免疫治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌二线及以上患者预后转归的影响

目的探究真实世界中程序性死亡蛋白1(Programmed Death Protein 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡蛋白配体1(Programmed Death Protein Ligand 1,PD-L1)抑制剂治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,NSCLC)二线及以上患者预后转归的影响。方法选取2019年1月—2023年7月涟水县人民医院就诊的112例晚期NSCLC二线及以上患者为研究对象,依据治疗方法分为两组,每组56例,对照组接受二线及以上单药化疗,观察组接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂免疫治疗,对比两组生存质量、无进展生存期、总生存期及不良反应发生率。结果化疗4个周期后,观察组生存质量评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组无进展生存期、总生存期显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,且观察组高血压发生人数显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论晚期NSCLC患者二线治疗中PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂免疫治疗能提升患者生存质量,降低其不良反应发生率。

卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗在EGFR/ALK野生型的晚期非鳞状非小细胞肺癌老年患者中的临床观察

目的:观察表皮生长因子受体/间变性淋巴瘤激酶(EGFR/ALK)野生型的晚期非鳞状非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)老年患者接受卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗的疗效和安全性。方法:选取2021年8月至2023年2月重庆医科大学附属第一医院133例接受卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗的EGFR/ALK野生型的晚期非鳞状NSCLC患者,按照年龄分为老年组(≥65岁)和非老年组(<65岁),对两组患者的治疗效果和安全性进行回顾性分析。结果:老年组患者的中位无进展生存期长于非老年组(44.14周vs.37.71周),两组患者生存曲线经Log-rank法检验比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组患者的客观缓解率和疾病控制率低于非老年组[客观缓解率:5.33%(4/75)vs.6.90%(4/58);疾病控制率:74.67%(56/75)vs.75.86%(44/58)],但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组患者所有级别治疗相关不良事件(TRAE)发生率为97.33%(73/75),高于非老年组的84.48%(49/58),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年组和非老年组患者3级以上治疗相关不良事件发生率分别为10.67%(8/75)和5.17%(3/58),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗用于EGFR/ALK野生型的晚期非鳞状NSCLC老年患者的治疗效果与用于非老年患者相当;老年患者的TRAE发生率更高;初步判断老年患者接受治疗时不需要对卡瑞利珠单抗的剂量进行调整。

PDCA循环管理联合多元化健康指导对肺癌患者围手术期的护理效果

目的探究PDCA循环管理联合多元化健康指导对肺癌患者围手术期的护理效果。方法选择2020年12月至2022年12月期间在河南省胸科医院手术治疗的肺癌患者82例,应用随机数表法将其分为对照组(常规护理)及观察组(PDCA循环管理联合多元化健康指导)各41例,对比两组焦虑、抑郁、自我效能评分、肺功能指标、继发性感染发生率、自护能力评分、护理质量评分。结果观察组焦虑、抑郁、自我效能评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组肺功能指标水平低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组继发性感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组自护能力评分低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对肺癌患者围术期进行PDCA联合多元化健康指导,可强化患者自我效能感,改善不良情绪、肺功能指标,降低继发性感染发生率,提高患者自护能力,提升护理质量评分。

ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式在肺癌根治术后老年患者康复中的应用效果

目的探讨ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式在肺癌根治术老年患者中的康复效果。方法选取河南省胸科医院,郑州大学附属胸科医院2021年10月至2022年10月收治的78例肺癌根治术患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各39例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用ERAS护理联合病友互助模式。比较两组干预后的围手术期指标、疼痛评分、肺功能指标、希望水平及病耻感评分。结果观察组围手术期指标改善优于对照组;观察组术后12 h、后24 h、后72 h疼痛评分低于对照组;观察组二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))水平高于对照组;观察组希望水平评分高于对照组,病耻感评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ERAS护理模式联合病友互助模式有效改善老年肺癌根治术患者围手术期指标和肺功能,降低疼痛程度,提高希望水平,降低病耻感。

基于Stacking集成学习的肺癌患者存活性预测模型研究

为提高肺癌患者存活性预测的准确率,提出一种基于Stacking集成学习的肺癌患者存活性预测模型.先对数据集进行预处理、特征选择、变量转换等,然后以XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)、SVM(Support Vector Machine)和LR(Logistic Regression)3种算法为基学习器,以朴素贝叶斯为元学习器构造模型,再运用Grid Search网格搜索方法优化超参数,并利用交叉验证方法对SEER公开的肺癌数据集进行仿真实验.研究结果表明,该模型的预测准确率达85%,比单一模型高10%.该模型在肺癌患者存活性预测上有着更好的准确性和解释性,可以很好地为肺癌患者预后提供决策支持,以弥补经验的不足.

舒芬太尼PCIA复合艾司氯胺酮对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者疼痛及疲劳水平的影响

目的:观察舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)复合艾司氯胺酮对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者疼痛及疲劳水平的影响。方法:选择2022年4月—2023年4月莆田市第一医院收治的82例肺癌患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,各41例。对照组给予舒芬太尼PCIA,观察组给予舒芬太尼PCIA复合艾司氯胺酮。比较两组术后不同时点疼痛评分、疲劳状况评分及术后不良反应发生情况。结果:术后24 h、48 h、72 h,观察组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、围手术期疲劳测评量表(ICFS)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组头晕、嗜睡发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼PCIA复合艾司氯胺酮可缓解胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者术后疼痛程度,改善术后疲劳状况,且可减少术后不良反应的发生,安全性更高。

基于护患合作的干预模式在老年肺癌患者中的效果及对自我管理能力的影响

目的 探讨老年肺癌患者应用基于护患合作的干预模式的效果。方法 选取2023年1月至2023年12月漳州市第二医院收治的老年肺癌患者78例,随机分为两组。对照组应用常规护理,研究组在此基础上应用基于护患合作的干预模式,对比两组的肺功能、术后一般资料、卡氏评分、心理状态评分、自我管理能力及生活质量。结果 与对照组比较,研究组排痰、下床活动及住院时间均更短,且干预后肺功能相关指标更优,抑郁和焦虑评分更低,自我管理能力、生活质量及卡氏评分更高(P <0.05)。结论 老年肺癌患者给予基于护患合作的干预模式可以有效改善其不良心理状态,提高其自我管理能力,且在缩短康复周期、改善肺功能指标方面有积极作用,有利于患者行动能力及生活质量的提高,应用价值较高。