Correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer

Objective:To study the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer.Methods:60 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in this hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were divided into control group(n=30)and observation group(n=30)by random number table method.Control group received conventional intravenous chemotherapy,and observation group received intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation.The differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels and serum tumor marker contents were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment.Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor marker contents in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Results:Before treatment,the differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels,non-organ-specific tumor marker contents and vascular tumor marker contents were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After treatment,CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels of observation group were lower than those of control group(P<0.05);serum non-organ specific tumor markers CA125,CA153,CEA and CYFRA21-1 contents of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum vascular tumor markers VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1 and MMP-9 contents were lower than those of control group(P<0.05).Pearson test showed that CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer were positively correlated with serum non-organ specific tumor marker and vascular tumor marker contents.Conclusion:Adjuvant radiofrequency ablation can significantly reduce the tumor malignancy of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

The Level of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with Tumor Markers

Objective:To explore the level of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor markers.Methods:Fifty patients with NSCLC admitted to a hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects;their clinical data were sorted out and analyzed.All patients were examined for CTCs.According to their levels,the patients were divided into a positive group(30 cases,≥4%)and a negative group(20 cases,<4%).The positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different gender,age,and pathological types of NSCLC,the positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different staging of NSCLC,and the relationship between serum CEA,CA125,CYFRA21-1,and peripheral CTCs were analyzed and observed.Results:There was no significant difference in gender,age,and pathological type between the positive group and the negative group.There was also no significant difference in the T staging,N staging,and M staging between the positive group and the negative group.However,there was significant difference in the clinical staging of the positive group and the negative group.The CEA,CA125,and CYFRA21-1 of the positive group were 7.45±1.26,38.56±4.12,and 5.01±1.36,respectively,whereas those of the negative group were 5.12±1.22,32.69±4.01,and 3.87±1.25,respectively.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion:CTCs provide the possibility of detecting cancer before the use of imaging methods,guide treatment in combination with other tumor markers,monitor postoperative treatment,and predict patients’outcome.

Impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets for advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer(AGC)remains a challenging malignancy with poor prognosis.The combination of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab has shown promising results in AGC treatment.This study aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with AGC and to explore their potential as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.AIM To investigate the impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum markers and T cell subsets in patients with AGC.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients with AGC.All patients received oxaliplatin(130 mg/m^(2),every 3 weeks)and trastuzumab(8 mg/kg loading dose,followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks)for six cycles.Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and cancer antigen 72-4(CA72-4)were measured before and after treatment.T-lymphocyte subsets,including CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ratios,were also evaluated.The clinical response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.RESULTS After six cycles of treatment,the CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 serum levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels(P<0.001).The percentages of CD3+and CD4+T lymphocytes increased significantly(P<0.05),whereas the percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes decreased(P<0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ratio also significantly increased after treatment(P<0.05).Patients with a higher decrease in serum tumor markers(≥50%reduction)and a higher increase in CD4+/CD8+ratio(≥1.5-fold)showed better clinical response rates(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy effectively reduced serum tumor marker levels and modulated T lymphocyte subsets in patients with AGC.Combination therapy not only has a direct antitumor effect,but also enhances the immune response in patients with AGC.Serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for treatment response in patients with AGC receiving combination therapy.

Physical exercise reverses immuno-cold tumor microenvironment via inhibiting SQLE in non-small cell lung cancer

Dear Editor,Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced cancer incidence and cancer-associated mortality[1,2],but the underlying mechanisms are obscure.Immunometabolic regulation has emerged as one of the most prominent mechanisms explaining the effects of exercise on cancer[1,2].Physical exercise primarily lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides,and protects against cardiovascular diseases[3].However,whether physical exercise can modulate cholesterol metabolism in tumor cells is currently unknown.

Different types of tumor microvessels in stageⅠ-ⅢA squamous cell lung cancer and their clinical significance

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among malignant neoplasms.Improving the diagnosis and treatment of LC remains an urgent task of modern oncology.Previously,we established that in gastric,breast and cervical cancer,tumor microvessels(MVs)differ in morphology and have different prognostic significance.The connection between different types of tumor MVs and the progression of LC is not well understood.AIM To evaluate the morphological features and clinical significance of tumor MVs in lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study examined medical records and archival paraffin blocks of 62 and 180 patients with stage I-IIIA LUSC in the training and main cohorts,respectively.All patients underwent radical surgery(R0)at the Orenburg Regional Cancer Clinic from May/20/2009 to December/14/2021.Tumor sections were routinely processed,and routine Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34(CD34),podoplanin,Snail and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha were performed.The morphological features of different types of tumor MVs,tumor parenchyma and stroma were studied according to clinicopathological characteristics and LUSC prognosis.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 software.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for LUSC metastasis to regional lymph nodes(RLNs)and disease recurrence.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to discriminate between patients with and without metastases in RLNs and those with and without disease recurrence.The effectiveness of the predictive models was assessed by the area under the curve.Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between patient subgroups.A value of P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS Depending on the morphology,we classified tumor vessels into the following types:normal MVs,dilated capillaries(DCs),atypical DCs,DCs with weak expression of CD34,"contact-type"DCs,structures with partial endothelial linings,capillaries in the tumor solid component and lymphatic vessels in lymphoid and polymorphocellular infiltrates.We also evaluated the presence of loose,fine fibrous connective tissue(LFFCT)and retraction clefts in the tumor stroma,tumor spread into the alveolar air spaces(AASs)and fragmentation of the tumor solid component.According to multivariate analysis,the independent predictors of LUSC metastasis in RLNs were central tumor location(P<0.00001),the presence of retraction clefts(P=0.003),capillaries in the tumor solid component(P=0.023)and fragmentation in the tumor solid component(P=0.009),whereas the independent predictors of LUSC recurrence were tumor grade 3(G3)(P=0.001),stage N2(P=0.016),the presence of LFFCT in the tumor stroma(P<0.00001),fragmentation of the tumor solid component(P=0.0001),and the absence of tumor spread through the AASs(P=0.0083).CONCLUSION The results obtained confirm the correctness of our previously proposed classification of different types of tumor vessels and may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of LUSC.

The anti-tumor and mechanism of the benzoisoselenazolone derivatives on the human lung cancer adenocarcinoma A549 cells

Background:In this research,we investigated the anti-cancer effect and the related mechanism of 2-[2-(4-chlorobenzamidomethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-1,2-benziselenazol-3(2H)-one compound(CTBO)and 2-[2-(4-nitrobenzamidomethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-1,2-benziselenazol-3(2H)-one compound(NTBO),which we synthesized in our lab previously.Methods:We applied the human lung cancer adenocarcinoma A549 cells to investigate the anti-tumor effect of CTBO and NTBO.The following methods were used in the research,including methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay,one-step terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling,transcriptome sequencing analysis,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.Results:The results showed that both CTBO and NTBO significantly inhibited the A549 cells proliferation and induced the A549 cells apoptosis.The transcriptome sequencing analysis results illustrated that the two derivatives might exert the apoptotic effects through mitogen-activated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways activation.Further,the western blot results suggested that CTBO and NTBO exerted anti-cancer effect through different molecular mechanisms.Conclusion:The results above provided fundamental research evidence for the further application of benziselenazolone derivatives in clinical.

Effects of Yiqi Gu Ben Decoction combined with DC chemotherapy on serum tumor markers, inflammatory factors and immune function in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yiqi Gu decoction combined with DC chemotherapy on serum tumor markers, inflammatory factors and immune function in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A total of 95 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were selected as the research objects, according to the random data table they were divided into control group (n=48) and observation group (n=47), patients in the control group were given DC chemotherapy, On the basis of this treatment, the patients in the observation group were given Yiqi Gu decoction treatment, Comparison of the levels of serum tumor markers [antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)], inflammatory factor [C reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and immune function (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+)Results: Before treatment, there were no significant difference in the levels of CEA, CA19-9, CRP, TNF-α, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups;After treatment, the CEA, CA19-9, CRP, TNF-α, CD8+ levels of two groups were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment, and the decreased range in observation group was significantly higher than the control group, moreover the levels after treatment were obviously lower than control group;After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were (64.72±5.25)% , (39.51±5.14)% and (1.35±0.27), which were significantly higher than the same group before treatment, and significantly higher than the control group [(58.57±5.09)%, (31.34±5.06)%, (1.14±0.33)], differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: DC chemotherapy combined with Yiqi Guben Decoction in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, can effectively reduce the serum tumor marker levels, decrease inflammatory stress, improve immune function, has an important clinical value.

Effects of combined treatment of bronchial arterial chemoembolization and radioactive particle implantation on tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effects of bronchial arterial chemoembolization combined with radioactive particle implantation on the level of serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A total of 91 cases of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients according to the random data table were divided into the control group (n=45) and observation group (n=46) according to the random data table. Patients in the control group was treated with bronchial arterial chemoembolization, on the basis of the control group, patients in the observation group were treated with radioactive particle implantation, the serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results: The levels of CEA, NSE, CA125, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK in the two groups before the treatment were not statistically significant. Compared with the group before treatment, levels of CEA, NSE, CA125and CD8+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly decreased, and after treatment the level of CEA, NSE, CA125and CD8+ in the observation group was significantly lower than those of the control group;The levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK in the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those in the group before treatment, and the observation group levels were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Bronchial artery embolization combined with radioactive particle implantation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, can effectively reduce the serum tumor markers level, improve the level of T cell subsets of patients, has important clinical value.

Prognostic value and predictive model of tumor markers in stageⅠtoⅢgastric cancer patients

BACKGROUND Preoperative serum tumor markers have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients.However,few studies have evaluated the prognosis of gastric cancer patients by establishing statistical models with multiple serum tumor indicators.AIM To explore the prognostic value and predictive model of tumor markers in stage I and III gastric cancer patients.METHODS From October 2018 to April 2020,a total of 1236 patients with stage I to III gastric cancer after surgery were included in our study.The relationship between serum tumor markers and clinical and pathological data were analyzed.We established a statistical model to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer based on the results of COX regression analysis.Overall survival(OS)was also compared across different stages of gastric cancer.RESULTS The deadline for follow-up was May 31,2023.A total of 1236 patients were included in our study.Univariate analysis found that age,clinical stage,T and N stage,tumor location,differentiation,Borrmann type,size,and four serum tumor markers were prognostic factors of OS(P<0.05).It was shown that clinical stage,tumor size,alpha foetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,CA125 and CA19-9(P<0.05)were independent prognostic factors for OS.According to the scoring results obtained from the statistical model,we found that patients with high scores had poorer survival time(P<0.05).Furthermore,in stage I patients,the 3-year OS for scores 0-3 ranged from 96.85%,95%,85%,and 80%.In stage II patients,the 3-year OS for scores 0-4 were 88.6%,76.5%,90.5%,65.5%and 60%.For stage III patients,3-year OS for scores 0-6 were 70.9%,68.3%,64.1%,50.9%,38.4%,18.5%and 5.2%.We also analyzed the mean survival of patients with different scores.For stage I patients,the mean OS was 55.980 months.In stage II,the mean OS was 51.550 months.The mean OS for stage III was 39.422 months.CONCLUSION Our statistical model can effectively predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

TonEBP expression is essential in the IL-1β–induced migration and invasion of human A549 lung cancer cells

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers,in part because it readily metastasizes.The tumor microenvironment,comprising blood vessels,fibroblasts,immune cells,and macrophages[including tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)],is closely related to cancer cell growth,migration,and invasion.TAMs secrete several cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,which participate in cancer migration and invasion.p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1),an important signaling molecule,induces cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas.Tonicityresponsive enhancer-binding protein(TonEBP)is also known to participate in cancer cell growth,migration,and invasion.However,the mechanisms by which it increases lung cancer migration remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which IL-1βand TonEBP affect lung cancer cell migration and invasion.We found that A549 cocultured-MΦ-secreted IL-1βinduced A549 cell migration and invasion via the PAK1 pathway.TonEBP deficiency reduced A549 cell migration and invasion and increased responsiveness to IL-1β–induced migration and invasion.PAK1 phosphorylation,which was promoted by IL-1β,was reduced when TonEBP was depleted.These results suggest that TonEBP plays an important role in IL-1βinduction and invasiveness of A549 cells via the PAK1 pathway.These findings could be valuable in identifying potential targets for lung cancer treatment.

Clinical and molecular significance of homologous recombination deficiency positive non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese population:An integrated genomic and transcriptional analysis

Objective:The clinical significance of homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)in breast cancer,ovarian cancer,and prostate cancer has been established,but the value of HRD in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has not been fully investigated.This study aimed to systematically analyze the HRD status of untreated NSCLC and its relationship with patient prognosis to further guide clinical care.Methods:A total of 355 treatment-naïve NSCLC patients were retrospectively enrolled.HRD status was assessed using the AmoyDx Genomic Scar Score(GSS),with a score of≥50 considered HRD-positive.Genomic,transcriptomic,tumor microenvironmental characteristics and prognosis between HRD-positive and HRDnegative patients were analyzed.Results:Of the patients,25.1%(89/355)were HRD-positive.Compared to HRD-negative patients,HRDpositive patients had more somatic pathogenic homologous recombination repair(HRR)mutations,higher tumor mutation burden(TMB)(P<0.001),and fewer driver gene mutations(P<0.001).Furthermore,HRD-positive NSCLC had more amplifications in PI3K pathway and cell cycle genes,MET and MYC in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)mutant NSCLC,and more PIK3CA and AURKA in EGFR/ALK wild-type NSCLC.HRD-positive NSCLC displayed higher tumor proliferation and immunosuppression activity.HRD-negative NSCLC showed activated signatures of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-II,interferon(IFN)-γand effector memory CD8+T cells.HRD-positive patients had a worse prognosis and shorter progressionfree survival(PFS)to targeted therapy(first-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs)(P=0.042).Additionally,HRDpositive,EGFR/ALK wild-type patients showed a numerically lower response to platinum-free immunotherapy regimens.Conclusions:Unique genomic and transcriptional characteristics were found in HRD-positive NSCLC.Poor prognosis and poor response to EGFR-TKIs and immunotherapy were observed in HRD-positive NSCLC.This study highlights potential actionable alterations in HRD-positive NSCLC,suggesting possible combinational therapeutic strategies for these patients.

MicroRNAs modulation in lung cancer: exploring dual mechanisms and clinical prospects

The global incidence of lung cancer is marked by a considerably elevated mortality rate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)exert pivotal influence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate dire consequences,notably cancer.Within this context,miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes manifest a diversified impact on the landscape of lung cancer,wherein their actions may either foster angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and metastasis,or counteract these processes.This comprehensive review article discerns potential targets for the prospective development of therapeutic agents tailored for lung cancer.Tumor-suppressive miRNAs,such as miR-204,miR-192,miR-30a,miR-34a,miR-34b,miR-203,and miR-212,exhibit heightened expression and demonstrate the capacity to inhibit cellular proliferation and invasiveness.Conversely,the deleterious effects of tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR-21,miR-106a,miR-155,miR-205,and miR-210 can be attenuated through the application of their respective inhibitors.Distinct miRNAs selectively target various oncogenes,including NUAK Family Kinase 1(NUAK1),Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1(Snai1),Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1),Vimentin,Proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15(PEA-15/PED),Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1),as well as tumor suppressor genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1),Tumor protein P53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1),and PH Domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2(PHLP22).This investigative approach proves invaluable in elucidating the specific miRNAs implicated in the deregulation of crucial genes pivotal to the pathogenesis of cancer.

Progress of Immunotherapy Combined with Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most prevalent and fatal cancer in China and even around the world, and many patients are found in the late stage of lung cancer. For the treatment of advanced lung cancer, in addition to traditional chemotherapy modalities, many emerging treatments are increasingly significant, such as immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and targeted therapy. An increasing number of studies have now shown that anti-angiogenic therapy improves the immune microenvironment by enhancing tumor immunity through normalization of tumor vessels. Immunization combined with anti-angiogenic therapy can exert synergistic effects and improve the prognosis of patients. This article summarizes the extent of benefit, current clinical study data, and future prospects of immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic agents in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Nanotechnology:A New Strategy for Lung Cancer Treatment Targeting Pro-Tumor Neutrophils

Primary and metastatic lung cancers are malignant lung tumors each with of which has a different pathogenesis,although both threaten patient lives.Tumor development and progression involve communication between tumor cells and the host microenvironment.Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME);they participate in the generation of an inflammatory milieu and influence patient survival through their anti-and pro-tumor abilities.Neutrophils can be classified into various categories according to different criteria;frequent categories include N1 antitumor neutrophils and N2 immunosuppressive neutrophils.The antitumor effects of neutrophils are reported to be mediated through a combination of reactive oxygen species,tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,and receptor for advanced glycation end-products–cathepsin G association,as well as the regulation of the activities of other immune cells.There have also been reports that neutrophils can function as tumor promoters that contribute to lung cancer progression and metastasis by influencing processes including carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,cancer cell proliferation,and invasion ability,as well as having similar roles in the lung metastasis of other cancers.The rapid development of nanotechnology has provided new strategies for cancer treatment targeting neutrophils.

Circulating tumor cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of lung cancer

BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) can be clustered into three subtypes according to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) markers: CTCs with epithelial markers(E-CTCs), CTCs with mesenchymal markers(M-CTCs), and CTCs with both markers(E&M-CTCs). CTC detection has clinical implications in the diagnosis of lung cancer(LC).AIM To clarify the diagnostic value of CTCs categorized by EMT markers in LC.METHODS The study included 106 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, including 42 groundglass opacities(GGO) and 64 solid lesions, who underwent surgery between July 2015 and December 2019. Eleven patients with benign tumors and seventeen healthy controls were included. CTCs in peripheral blood and associated EMT markers were detected preoperatively using the CanPatrol TM technique. The diagnostic power of CTCs for discriminating LC cases from controls was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. The CytoploRare technique was used in 20 cases and 18 controls for validation, and Kappa values were calculated to evaluate consistency between techniques.RESULTS Of the 106 LC cases, 94(89.6%) had at least one CTC. CTCs were detectable in 35(83.3%) of 42 GGO cases. Total CTCs and E&M-CTCs were significantly more frequent in LC cases than in benign or healthy controls. The proportion of MCTCs plus E&M-CTCs increased gradually from healthy controls, to benign controls, to LC cases. The area under the ROC curve of total CTCs and E&M-CTCs was > 0.8 and > 10.75, respectively. The combined sensitivity of total-CTCs and E&M-CTCs was 85.85% for LC patients(80.95% for GGO patients) and the specificity was 78.57%.The Kappa value was 0.415,indicating relative consistency between CanPatrol TM and CytoploRare.CONCLUSION CTC detection is valuable for distinguishing LC from controls,and particularly E&M-CTC detection warrants further study.

Serum tumor markers:Can they clinically implicate in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

“Serum tumor markers expression(CA19-9,CA242,and CEA)and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus”authored by Meng and Shi presents an observational case-control study investigating the correlation between tumor markers and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The study explores the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers,particularly cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),CA242,and carcinoembryonic antigen,in poorly controlled T2DM patients with hemoglobin A1c levels exceeding 9%,employing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Though study offers valuable insights into the potential utility of tumor markers in clinical practice,caution is advised regarding routine tumor marker testing due to challenges such as limited availability and cost.Additionally,the study overlooks potential confounding factors like smoking and alcohol consumption.Variations in CA19-9 and CA242 expression underscore the complex interplay between tumor markers and systemic diseases,warranting further investigation into their diagnostic and prognostic implications.While Meng and Shi represent a significant contribution to the field,more extensive research is needed to fully elucidate the role of tumor markers in diabetes management and beyond.

Clinical utility of six serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer

Background:With the increasing prevalence of lung cancer,it has become imperative to identify reliable biomarkers that can aid in early detection and prognosis assessment.Therefore,we sought to investigate the potential utility of six serum tumor markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools for lung cancer patients.By analyzing a large cohort of patients with different stages and subtypes of lung cancer,we hoped to shed light on the predictive value and accuracy of each marker individually,as well as their combined performance.This study should not only provide valuable insights into the biology and pathogenesis of lung cancer but also pave the way for personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient profiles.Methods:The serum levels of the tumor markers progastrin-releasing peptide(ProGRP),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA)were meticulously assessed in a cohort comprising 324 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and an additional 51 patients with benign lung disease.The measurements were conducted using cutting-edge techniques such as ELISA,electrochemical luminescence,and chemiluminescence methods.Differences between groups and the impact of these markers on lung cancer diagnosis were analyzed.Results:The serum levels of ProGRP,NSE,and CEA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in patients with benign lung disease(p<0.01).NSE had the highest sensitivity for squamous cell carcinomas(SC),while CEA had the highest sensitivity for adenocarcinomas(AC).ProGRP and NSE had higher sensitivities than other markers for small cell carcinomas(SCC).Combining the six tumor markers resulted in higher sensitivities for SC(70.6%),AC(77.4%),and SCC(80%)compared with any single test.Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that ProGRP and NSE had a greater area under the curve(AUC)in SCC(0.886 and 0.775)than SC and AC,while CEA had a higher AUC in AC(0.716),and NSE had a higher AUC than other markers in SC(0.719).Conclusions:ProGRP and NSE are effective serum tumor markers for SCC,whereas CEA and NSE may aid in the diagnosis of AC and SC.Combining the detection of ProGRP,NSE,CYFRA21-1,CEA,and SCCA significantly improves sensitivity when diagnosing lung cancer.

Serum Tumor Markers Combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT Volumetric Metabolic Parameters in the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynecological malignancy, and identifying reliable prognostic indicators can help guide therapeutic treatment. Various tumor marker-guided treatment regimens can considerably improve patient prognosis with a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a molecular imaging tool that provides anatomical and functional information about the tumor, and its volume-based metabolic parameters allow for quantifiable observation of ovarian cancer recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. The combined utilization of serological and radiologic markers has been found to provide increased clinical benefit. This article reviewed the predictive value of serum tumor markers and 18F-FDG PET/CT volumetric metabolic parameters for the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.

Investigation of Combining Serum Tumor Biomarkers and Clinical Features for Elderly Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Classification

To evaluate the diagnosis model of serum tumor biomarker and several clinical features diagnose and classification for lung cancer, the solid protein chip technology (C-12) was used to detect the biomarkers of SF, CEA, CA242, NSE, CA125, CA19-9 and CA15-3 in serum and several clinical features of tumors and benign disease in elderly lung cancer patients were collected. Set up a discriminating analysis as a function diagnostic model in clinical elderly lung cancer diagnosis and sub-type discrimination. In combination of 2 obvious clinical indicators and 2 serum markers, it is possible to provide a diagnosis tool for lung cancer. With the help of mathematic model, it is promising to reduce the misjudgment risk based on the previous experience and therefore establish a reliable diagnosing function. This model is simple, cost-effective and easy to adapt in practice, and can also be used in screening of large population.

Effect of application of markers and immune function of patients with tumor of erlotinib combined with Addie injection in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of erlotinib plus Addie injection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients of tumor markers and immune function.Methods: A total of 174 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from February 2013 to February 2017 were selected. Randomly divided into 2 groups, 87 cases in each group, set as observation group and control group. The observation group received erlotinib combined with Addie injection and the control group only received erlotinib. After 6 weeks of treatment, tumor markers, vascular endothelial growth factor levels and immune function indexes were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results: The observation group after treatment of tumor markers in CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA199 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) and CYFRA21-1 (cytokeratin 19 fragment) and NSE (neuron specific enolase) than those in control group and the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of VEGFA (vascular endothelial factor-A), VEGFB (vascular endothelial factor-B) and VEGFC (vascular endothelial factor-C) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the immune index CD3+ (total T lymphocyte), CD4+ (helper T lymphocyte) and CD4+/CD8+ levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the level of NK (natural killer cell) was higher than that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of IgG (re reactive antibody), IgM (initial immune response antibody) and IgA (mucosal immune secretory antibody) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: Erlotinib combined with Addie injection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer clinical effect is good. It can improve the immune function and reduce the levels of VEGF and tumor markers. It is recommended to be widely used in clinic.