Exploring the Need and Strategy for Intraoperative Freezing to Identify Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lungs

Objective: To explore the necessity and strategy of intraoperative freezing to identify primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzes the impact of failing to make a definitive diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung on the clinical surgical approach in four cases of intraoperative freezing. It also examines the reasons for this failure and reviews the relevant literature. Results: All 4 cases of intraoperative freezing were diagnosed as invasive adenocarcinoma, and none of them made a definitive diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: It is difficult to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung by intraoperative frozen section, and the combination of patient history, rapid immunohistochemistry, and histological morphology of intraoperative frozen section for its identification can guide the surgeon to adjust the surgical approach in time and provide evidence for the establishment of surgical protocols for reference.

Dimensionless Study on Secretion Clearance of a Pressure Controlled Mechanical Ventilation System with Double Lungs

A pressure controlled mechanical ventilator with an automatic secretion clearance function can improve secretion clearance safely and efficiently.Studies on secretion clearance by pressure controlled systems show that these are suited for clinical applications.However,these studies are based on a single lung electric model and neglect the coupling between the two lungs.The research methods applied are too complex for the analysis of a multi-parameter system.In order to understand the functioning of the human respiratory system,this paper develops a dimensionless mathematical model of doublelung mechanical ventilation system with a secretion clearance function.An experiment is designed to verify the mathematical model through comparison of dimensionless experimental data and dimensionless simulation data.Finally,the coupling between the two lungs is studied,and an orthogonal experiment designed to identify the impact of each parameter on the system.

Entropy Change of Lungs: Determinant of the Static Properties of the Lungs

The static properties of the lungs have been explained by energy-change considerations on the elasticity, but this article explains the elasticity of the lungs by entropy-change considerations. Entropy of the individual lobule was defined by application of stochastic geometry on aggregated alveolar polyhedrons. Entropy of the lungs is the result of integrating a number of lobular entropies through the fractal bronchial tree. Entropy of the lungs was thus determined by the individual lobular entropy and the connectivity of the bronchial tree to the lobular bronchioles. Thermody-namic considerations on the static conditions of the pulmonary system composed of the lungs and the chest wall have provided a theoretical approach to understand the subdivisions of lung volume as the entropy-change of lungs. Entropy-change considerations on the elasticity of the lungs have shown that alveolar collapse and subsequent alveolar induration as the primary pathway for the loss of elasticity in the lungs is an acceptable hypothesis.

Angiotensin Receptor Type I Blockade Inhibits Apoptosis in Meconium-Instilled Rabbit Lungs

Background and objectives: In prior studies we demonstrated that meconium-induced lung cell death by apoptosis was associated with activation of the local pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (RASL). Alveolar epithelial apoptosis requires the authocrine synthesis and proteolytic processing of angiotensinogen (AGT) to Angiotensin II (ANG II). Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) block meconium-induced apoptosis. ANG II plays an essential role in vascular homeostasis and lung injury. The objectives of this study were to evaluate expression of AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 in meconium and saline treated newborn lungs and to study mechanisms of its inhibition by a selective antagonist of the AT1 receptor. Methods: Two week old rabbits were studied. Three treatment groups were studied (six rabbit pups in each group): Group 1: rabbits instilled with saline;Group 2: rabbits instilled with 10% meconium;Group 3: Losartan pretreated followed by meconium-instillation. Three groups of A549 human lung epithelial cells were studies as well. Group 4: AGT pretreated and then meconium-exposed cells;Group 5: ANG II pretreated and then meconium exposed cells and Group 6: Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk pretreated and then meconium exposed cells. AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 were evaluated and compared with and without inhibitors in meconium and control groups. Results: In Situ End Labeling (ISEL) and Caspase 3 assays showed that purified ANG II induced dose dependent apoptosis in rabbit lung lavage cells and the human A549 lung epithelial cell line. Apoptosis also was induced by purified AGT. The increase in apoptotic cells was accompanied by increases in ANG II and Caspase 3 activities. In both airway epithelium and alveolar wall cells, measures of apoptosis were attenuated by Losartan or by the Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the presence of a functional ANG II and Caspase 3 dependent apoptotic pathways in newborn meconium-instilled lungs. They also imply that meconium-induced apoptosis is modulated by the pulmonary RASL system in which ANG II plays a critical role. Both losartan and the Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk pretreatment significantly decreased meconium-induced Caspase-3 activation and lung cell apoptosis.

Erratum to: An advanced segmentation using area and boundary tracing technique in extraction of lungs region

Erratum to：J.Cent.South Univ.（2014）21：3811-3820DOI：10.1007/s11771-014-2366-9The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.The mistakes are corrected as follows：1）The spelling of third author is incorrect.The correct name is Jae-Young PYUN.2）The information of corresponding author is incorrect.The correct information should be Goo-Rak KWON,Professor,PhD;Tel/Fax：＋98-711-7264102;E-mail：grkwon@chosun.ac.kr

The Correlation between the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Markers in the Inhibition of the Lungs Carcinogenesis Growth by Mahkota Dewa Polyphenols on Balb/c Mouse

Phytochemical analysis shows that mahkota dewa fruit contains polyphenols. Mahkota dewa polyphenols have the ability to disrupt or reverse the stages of cancer or a carcinogenesis process by affecting the intracellular signaling tissue molecules involved in an initiation and/or promotion. This chemopreventive potential is highly anticipating. The use, effectiveness, and benefits of the polyphenol have been empirically and pre-clinically proved without side effects. A multivariate analysis using Spearman’s test was conducted to examine the correlation between variables. Meanwhile, to determine which dependent variables played the strong role, a discriminant function analysis was performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 and a reliability level of 95%. The results showed that the mahkota dewa polyphenols acted as the suppressor agent by inducing apoptosis. This finding proved that polyphenols addition might result in death signal transduction through an apoptosis pathway which is either mediated by death receptor or mitochondria. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between apoptotic cell death mediated by death receptor and mitochondria through the administration of mahkota dewa polyphenols, it can be argued that mahkota dewa polyphenols can function in lung cancer chemoprevention in mice strain Balb/c.

Expression of high mobility group protein B1 in the lungs of rats with sepsis

BACKGROUND： Vibrio vulnifi cus inside the body could activate the NF-!B signaling pathwayand initiate the inflammatory cascade. The lung is one of the earliest organs affected by sepsisassociated with acute lung injury. High mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1） is an important late-actingpro-infl ammatory cytokine involving in the pathophysiology of sepsis. It is also involved in the injuryprocess in the lung, liver and intestine. There has been no report on the involvement of HMGB1 inVibrio vulnifi cus sepsis-induced lung injury.METHODS： Sixty rats were randomly divided into a normal control group （group A, n=10） anda Vibrio vulnificus sepsis group （group B, n=50）. Sepsis was induced in the rats by subcutaneousinjection of Vibrio vulnificus （concentration 6×108 cfu/mL, volume 0.1 mL/100g）） into the left lowerlimbs. The rats in group B were sacrifi ced separately 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the infection.Their lungs were stored as specimens, lung water content was measured, and lung pathology wasobserved under a light microscope. The expressions of the HMGB1 gene and protein in the lungswere detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance（ANOVA） and the LSD method for pair-wise comparison between the two groups. P〈0.05 wasconsidered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS： Compared to group A （0.652±0.177）, HMGB1 mRNA expression in the lungs ofgroup B was signifi cantly higher at 0 hour （1.161±0.358, P=0.013）, 24 hours （1.679±0.235, P=0.000）,and 48 hours （1.258±0.274, P=0.004） （P〈0.05）, and peaked at 24 hours. Compared to group A（0.594±0.190）, HMGB1 protein expression at 6 hours （1.408±0.567, P=0.026） after infection wassignificantly increased （P〈0. 05）, and peaked at 24 hours （2.415±1.064, P=0.000） after infection.Compared to group A （0.699±0.054）, lung water content was significantly increased at 6 hours（0.759±0.030, P=0.001）,12 hours （0.767±0.023, P=0.000）, 24 hours （0.771±0.043, P=0.000） and 48hours （0.789±0.137, P=0.000） after infection （P〈0.05）. Compared to group A, pathological changesat 12 hours in group B indicate marked pulmonary vascular congestion, interstitial edema andinfl ammatory infi ltration. Alveolar cavity collapse and boundaries of the alveolar septum could not beclearly identifi ed.CONCLUSION： Vibrio vulnifi cus sepsis can lead to injury in rat lungs, and increased HMGB1expression in lung tissue may be one of the mechanisms for injury from Vibrio vulnifi cus sepsis.

Simulation of an imaging system for internal contamination of lungs using MPA-MURA coded-aperture collimator

The nuclides inhaled during nuclear accidents usually cause internal contamination of the lungs with low activity.Although a parallel-hole imaging system,which is widely used in medical gamma cameras,has a high resolution and good image quality,owing to its extremely low detection efficiency,it remains difficult to obtain images of inhaled lung contamination.In this study,the Monte Carlo method was used to study the internal lung contamination imaging using the MPA-MURA coded-aperture collimator.The imaging system consisted of an adult male lung model,with a mosaicked,pattern-centered,and anti-symmetric MURA coded-aperture collimator model and a CsI(Tl)detector model.The MLEM decoding algorithm was used to reconstruct the internal contamination image,and the complementary imaging method was used to reduce the number of artifacts.The full width at half maximum of the I-131 point source image reconstructed by the MPAMURA coded-aperture imaging reached 2.51 mm,and the signal-to-noise ratio of the simplified respiratory tract source(I-131)image reconstructed through MPA-MURA coded-aperture imaging was 3.98 dB.Although the spatial resolution of MPA-MURA coded-aperture imaging is not as good as that of parallel-hole imaging,the detection efficiency of PMA-MURA coded-aperture imaging is two orders of magnitude higher than that of parallel-hole collimator imaging.Considering the low activity level of internal lung contamination caused by nuclear accidents,PMA-MURA coded-aperture imaging has significant potential for the development of lung contamination imaging.

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p56 in lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids(ω-3FA) on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56(NF-κBp56) signal pathway in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SAP-saline group, SAP-soybean oil group and SAP-ω-3FA group. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the lungs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in lungs and of inflammatory cytokines in serum significantly increased in the SAP group compared with the control group(P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with the soybean oil group at 12 and 24 h(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION During the initial stage of SAP, ω-3FA can efficiently lower the inflammatory response and reduce lung injury by triggering the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signal pathway.

Fasudil alleviates LPS-induced lung injury by restoring aquaporin 5 expression and inhibiting inflammation in lungs

Fasudil, a selective rho kinase(ROCK) inhibitor, has been reported to play a beneficial role in systemic inflammation in acute lung injury, but its mechanism for ameliorating pulmonary edema and inflammation remains unclear. Using hematoxylin-and-eosin(H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting, we found that fasudil attenuated LPS-induced lung injury, decreased lung edema, and suppressed inflammatory responses including leukocyte infiltration and IL-6 production. Further,fasudil upregulated LPS-induced aquaporin 5 reduction and inhibited NF-κB activation in the lungs of mice. Our results suggest that fasudil could restore the expression of aquaporin 5 to eliminate LPS-induced lung edema and prevent LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation by blocking the inflammatory pathway. Collectively, blockade of the ROCK pathway by fasudil may be a potential strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury.

Temporal Expression of Notch in Preterm Rat Lungs Exposed to Hyperoxia

Summary: To explore the mechanism of Notch in hyperoxia-induced preterm rat lung injury, 2-days-old preterm SD rats were randomized into control and hyperoxia group (FiO 2≥0.85). On day 1, 7, 14 and 21, 8 rat pups of each time point were used to assess histopathological changes of lung with HE staining and to evaluate the expression of Notch1 and Notch3 with immunohistochemistry. Notch1, Notch3, Aquaprin5 (AQP5) and surfactant protein C (SP-C) mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the lung injury in the hyperoxia group was characterized by retarded lung alveolization and differentiation of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱcells (AEC Ⅱ). Positive staining of Notch1 in hyperoxia group was weaker than controls at every time point (except for day 7), while positive staining of Notch3 was much stronger (P<0.05, P<0.01). Notch1, Notch3 mRNA level showed similar change as protein level. AQP5, SP-C mRNA decreased significantly as compared with that of the controls (P<0.01). We are led to conclude that hyperoxia results in abnormal expression of Notch, which is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of lung injury through regulating proliferation and transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial cells.

A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rhubarb in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the syndrome type phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of oral administration of the traditional Chinese herb rhubarb to treat acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Method:This was a multicenter randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study that took place in 7 provinces of China that enrolled 244 patients(aged 18e80 years)who had acute exacerbation of COPD with the traditional Chinese syndrome pattern of phlegm-heat obstructing lung.Participants were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group received 4.5 g of rhubarb granules twice daily and the control group received placebo granules.Both groups also received conventional Western therapy consisting of oxygen therapy,an antibiotic,expectorant,and a bronchodilator.Treatment lasted 10 days.Symptom scores for cough,sputum volume and color,wheezing and chest tightness before treatment and on days 3,5,7,and 10 during the treatment were recorded.Lung function,arterial blood gas and levels of serum inflammatory factors,interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a),before and after treatment were measured.Results:The sample size of the full analysis set(FAS)was 244 participants,and the sample size of per protocol set(PPS)was 235.Following 10 days’treatment,symptom scores of the experimental group were markedly lower than those of the placebo group(FAS:mean difference
1.67,95%CI:e2.66 to
0.69,P Z 0.001;PPS:mean difference
1.55,95%CI:
2.56 to
0.54,P Z 0.003).Lung function in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the placebo group(FEV1,FAS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI:0.06 to 0.18;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI 0.05 to 0.18;P<0.001.FVC:FAS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.26;P Z 0.002;PPS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI 0.05 to 0.26;P Z 0.003.FEV1%,FAS:mean difference 5.95,95%CI:3.36 to 8.53;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 5.92,95%CI 3.28 to 8.56;P<0.001.).PaO2,PaCO2,as well as serum inflammatory factors were also improved when compared to the placebo group.There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the two groups.Conclusions:Compared with placebo,rhubarb granules significantly reduced symptom scores,improved blood oxygen level,controlled systemic inflammatory response,without significant adverse effects.Thus,rhubarb may be a beneficial adjuvant method for treating the phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome pattern of AECOPD.

Introducing 3D-potting:a novel production process for artificial membrane lungs with superior blood flow design

Currently,artificial-membrane lungs consist of thousands of hollow fiber membranes where blood flows around the fibers and gas flows inside the fibers,achieving diffusive gas exchange.At both ends of the fibers,the interspaces between the hollow fiber membranes and the plastic housing are filled with glue to separate the gas from the blood phase.During a uniaxial centrifugation process,the glue forms the“potting.”The shape of the cured potting is then determined by the centrifugation process,limiting design possibilities and leading to unfavorable stagnation zones associated with blood clotting.In this study,a new multiaxial centrifugation process was developed,expanding the possible shapes of the potting and allowing for completely new module designs with potentially superior blood flow guidance within the potting margins.Two-phase simulations of the process in conceptual artificial lungs were performed to explore the possibilities of a biaxial centrifugation process and determine suitable parameter sets.A corresponding biaxial centrifugation setup was built to prove feasibility and experimentally validate four conceptual designs,resulting in good agreement with the simulations.In summary,this study shows the feasibility of a multiaxial centrifugation process allowing greater variety in potting shapes,eliminating inefficient stagnation zones and more favorable blood flow conditions in artificial lungs.

LipL21 mRNA expression in lungs of hamsters infected with pathogenic Leptospira

Objective:Pulmonary haemorrhage is an increasing cause of death in leptospirosis patients.However,molecular mechanism underlying pathologies in this organ is not clearly understood.It has been shown that sodium transport was disturbed following Leptospira infection.LipL21 is the second abundant outer membrane protein found only in pathogenic Leptospira.Its expression in vivo has been shown which suggests that this protein may be involved in survival in hosts or pathogenesis.However,the expression of this protein in host organs and its role in lung pathology has not been demonstrated.In this study we demonstrated the expression of LipL21 in lungs of hamsters infected with pathogenic Leptospira.Methods:Lung tissues were collected from Golden Syrian hamsters injected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Pyrogenes at days 3,5 and 7 post-infection.Four hamsters were used for each time point.Lungs from non-infected hamsters were collected as a control group.LipL21 mRNA expression in lung tissues was investigated by reverse transcription and nested PCR.Results:LipL21 mRNA expression was detected in all lung tissues from hamsters infected with pathogenic Leptospira.No PCR product was detected when tissues from non-infected hamsters were investigated.Conclusion:Our data demonstrated that LipL21 is expressed in lungs of hamsters infected with pathogenic Leptospira.Additional experiments such as quantitation and localization of LipL21 expression in lungs will provide further information whether this protein is involved in pathogenesis.

A Morphometric Study of the Lungs after Blast lnjury in Rats

A lot of research work has been carriod out on thc lungs after blast injury, but nomorphomctric study of the blast-injured lungs has ever been reported so far.The authors quantifiedthe morphological changes of the lungs with blast injury in rats with stereological methods.t wasfound that following the blast injury,the pulmonary capillary volume and the intcmal surface arca de-creased significantly,while the arithmetic and harmonic mean thickness of the air-blood barrier andthe volume of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets in the capillaries incrcased markedly.Themorphometric oxygen diffusion capacity of the lungs was remarkably reduced mainly due to the de-crease of the conductance of the air-blood barrier and erythrocytcs.In addition,the changes of theoxygen diffussion capacity of the lungs were closely related to the partial pressure of arteria/blood oxy-gen.These facts imply that the damage to the pulmonary capillaries was one of the main causes ofalveolar bleeding and early respiratory insufficiency.It is possible that a mathematic relationshipcould be established between the intensity of the blast impact and the consequent morphologicalchanges of the injured lungs.

Stereological study of quantitative relationships between morphological and functional changes of the lungs in early phase of blast injury in rats

The morphological and functional changes of the lungs in the early phase of blast injurywere analyzed and related quantitatively in rats with microcomputer-assisted morphometry.It wasfound that（1）significant or partial correlation exists between stereological and functional indices,（2）changes of the endothelium and epithelium rather than the interstitium contribute to the increase ofharmonic and arithmetic thickness(Tht,Tat)of the air-blood barrier,and（3）the regression equa-tions are as follows:（a）PaO2=3.56+1.62DL（O2）,r=0.678,P=0.032:（b）PaO2=2.99+3.49DL（O2）-0.0005SA+0.003Sc-38.2Vc-0.257Tap-0.028Dt（O2）,ry=0.9999,P=0.008;（c）PaCO2=7.69+0.0001SA-4.35Tat+19.7Tht-46.2Thp-4.4Taen-5.87Taep,ry=0.9999,P=0.014;（d）pH=3.068+0.0005SA-1.79Tat+12.2Tht-50.8Thp-2.52Taint+0.69DL（O2）,ry=0.9999,P=0.10.The significance and application of stereology in theestablishment of the quantitative relationship between morphological and functional indices are dis-cussed.Mathematical models to relate morphometric parameters to functional changes are possible.

Effects of amniotic fluid embolism-like plasma on isolated perfused rabbit lungs

<Abstract>Effects of amniotic fluid embolism-like plasma (AFEP) on the isolated perfused rabbit lungs (IPRL)were studied. It was found that AFEP could induce elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and development of lung edema, which could be partially prevented by ibuprofen, a cycloxygenase inhibit0r, but amniotic fluid itself could not cause elevation of PAP and lung edema. The result suggests that AFEP-induced mediator from whole blood cells may be the important factor resulting in above-mentioned pathological changes.

The effect of low dose radiation on cytokine correlated to injury of lungs induced by Bleomycin A5

Objective： The aim of this study was to explore the effect of low dose radiation on cytokine excreted by mice inbreathing of atomization of PYM. Methods： Kunming male mice were randomly divided into three groups： blank group, PYM group （P group）, low dose radiation ＋ PYM group （P ＋ L group）. Mice of P ＋ L group were given whole body low dose radiation 75 mGY, dose rate were 12.5 mGY/min. After 6 h, mice in both P ＋ L group and P group were given inbreathe of atomization of PYM, concentration was 2 mg/mL. Mice were sacrificed after the dl, d7, d14, d21 and d28, IL-6 were detected in alveolar irrigating solution. The tissue samples of mice lung were fixed in 10% formalin, TNF-α and TGF-β were analyzed by immuno- histochemistry. Results： Compared with P group, IL-6 in low dose radiation ＋ PYM group were lower, near to blank group, the difference had notable statistical significance on the dl and the d7, while on the d14, d21, d28, the difference had not statisti- cal significance. It suggested that low dose radiation could reduce the resection of IL-6 at the begin of lung injure induced by low dose radiation. The expression of TGF-β and TNF-α in P ＋ L group were lower than that in P group, but the difference in the two groups had statistical significance by gray analysis P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： In the early stage of lung injure caused by PYM in mice, low dose radiation of 75 mGY can reduce the secretion of IL-6, decrease the production of TGF-β and TNF-α.

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ON PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW AFTER RETROGRADE FLUSH AND COLD STORAGE OF LUNGS

Objective To determine the effects of prostaglandin El (PGEl ) on the pulmonary bind flow by using retrograde flush (RF) in lung preservation. Methods Twelve canine donor lungs were treated with RF with UW solution. In group A (n = 6 ), 250μg of PGE1 wes infused into the pulmonary artery (PA ) before RF and another 250μg wes mixed with UW solution. No PGE1 wes used in group B (n = 6 ). After storage in the mine solution at 4℃ for 22 ~ 25h, the left lung wus transplanted to a recipient followed by 120min reperfusion. Pulmonary bind flow was determined by a microsphere technique. Colored microspheres were infused into the right atrium at the following time: before RF and donor lungs procurement (red ), prior to resecting the recipient left lung (red, served as vaseline), and 120min after donor lung implantation (yellow). Micro- sphere distribution was expressed by optical density per gram lung tissue (OD/g). Results The red microsphere distribution after transplantation in group A wus reduced as compered with baseline (P < 0. 05 ). And more bind flew to the right lung (P < 0. 05 ). The yellow microsphere distribution was also significantly reduced in group A when compered with that of group B (P < 0. 01 ). The hemodynamic bata and bind gases for the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion After single left lung transplantation, more bind flows to the right side. Pretreatment with PGEl further reduces the flow distribution in the left side.

THE EFFECT OF ANISODAMINE ON THE MICROVASCULAR PERMEABILITY OF THE LUNGS DURING ARDS

The rats model with ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome)was produced by the way of injecting Eschericbia coli, the effect of anisodamine onthe microvascular permeability of lungs in the rats with ARDS was studied with themethod of Albumin labeled 125I. The experimental results shown that the microvascular permeability of lung in rat with ARDS increased distinctly,but it recovered tothe control arter injecting anisodamine into rat. The function of anisodamine thatrecovered the microvascular Permeability of lungs in rats with ARDS to the controlmay be one of the main principles of anisodamine for curerability of ARDS. It isshown that the anisodamine has profound value for some of diseases with increasingmicrovascular permeability or tissues or organs in clinic.