Air Pollution Exposure Based on Nighttime Light Remote Sensing and Multi-source Geographic Data in Beijing

Air pollution is a problem that directly affects human health,the global environment and the climate.The air quality index(AQI)indicates the degree of air pollution and effect on human health;however,when assessing air pollution only based on AQI monitoring data the fact that the same degree of air pollution is more harmful in more densely populated areas is ignored.In the present study,multi-source data were combined to map the distribution of the AQI and population data,and the analyze their pollution population exposure of Beijing in 2018 was analyzed.Machine learning based on the random forest algorithm was adopted to calculate the monthly average AQI of Beijing in 2018.Using Luojia-1 nighttime light remote sensing data,population statistics data,the population of Beijing in 2018 and point of interest data,the distribution of the permanent population in Beijing was estimated with a high precision of 200 m×200 m.Based on the spatialization results of the AQI and population of Beijing,the air pollution exposure levels in various parts of Beijing were calculated using the population-weighted pollution exposure level(PWEL)formula.The results show that the southern region of Beijing had a more serious level of air pollution,while the northern region was less polluted.At the same time,the population was found to agglomerate mainly in the central city and the peripheric areas thereof.In the present study,the exposure of different districts and towns in Beijing to pollution was analyzed,based on high resolution population spatialization data,it could take the pollution exposure issue down to each individual town.And we found that towns with higher exposure such as Yongshun Town,Shahe Town and Liyuan Town were all found to have a population of over 200000 which was much higher than the median population of townships of51741 in Beijing.Additionally,the change trend of air pollution exposure levels in various regions of Beijing in 2018 was almost the same,with the peak value being in winter and the lowest value being in summer.The exposure intensity in population clusters was relatively high.To reduce the level and intensity of pollution exposure,relevant departments should strengthen the governance of areas with high AQI,and pay particular attention to population clusters.

Quantifying urbanization levels on the Tibetan Plateau with high-resolution nighttime light data

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is undergoing rapid urbanization.To improve urban sustainability and construct eco-logical security barriers,it is essential to quantify the spatial patterns of urbanization level on the TP,but the existing studies on the topic have been limited by the lack of socioeconomic data.This study aims to quantify the urbanization level on the TP in 2018 with Luojia1-01(LJ1-01)high-resolution nighttime light(NTL)data.Specifically,the compounded night light index is used to quantify spatial patterns of urbanization level at mul-tiple scales.The results showed that the TP had a low overall urbanization level with a large internal difference.The urbanization level in the northeast,southeast and south of the TP was relatively high,forming three hotspots centered in Xining City,Lhasa City and Shangri-La City,while the urbanization level in the central and western regions was relatively low.The analysis of influencing factors,based on the random forest model,showed that transportation and topography were the main factors affecting the TP’s spatial patterns of urbanization level.The comparison analysis with socioeconomic statistics and traditional NTL data showed that LJ1-01 NTL data can be used to more effectively quantify the urbanization level since it is more advantageous for reflecting the spatial extent of urban land and describing the spatial structure of socioeconomic activities within urban areas.These advantages are attributed to the high spatial resolution of the data,appropriate imaging time and unaf-fected by saturation phenomena.Thus,the proposed LJ1-01 NTL-based urbanization level measurement method has the potential for wide applications around the world,especially in less-developed regions lacking statistical data.Using this method,we refined the measurement of the TP’s urbanization level in 2018 for multiple scales including the region,basin,prefecture and county levels,which provides basic information for the further urban sustainability research on the TP.

Population Spatial Distribution Based on Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Image:A Case Study of Beijing

With the continuous development of urbanization in China,the country’s growing population brings great challenges to urban development.By mastering the refined population spatial distribution in administrative units,the quantity and agglomeration of population distribution can be estimated and visualized.It will provide a basis for a more rational urban planning.This paper takes Beijing as the research area and uses a new Luojia1-01 nighttime light image with high resolution,land use type data,Points of Interest(POI)data,and other data to construct the population spatial index system,establishing the index weight based on the principal component analysis.The comprehensive weight value of population distribution in the study area was then used to calculate the street population distribution of Beijing in 2018.Then the population spatial distribution was visualize using GIS technology.After accuracy assessments by comparing the result with the WorldPop data,the accuracy has reached 0.74.The proposed method was validated as a qualified method to generate population spatial maps.By contrast of local areas,Luojia 1-01 data is more suitable for population distribution estimation than the NPP/VIIRS(Net Primary Productivity/Visible infrared Imaging Radiometer)nighttime light data.More geospatial big data and mathematical models can be combined to create more accurate population maps in the future.

基于珞珈一号夜间灯光数据的人口空间化研究

夜间灯光数据被越来越多地应用于人口空间化领域的研究中。珞珈一号夜间灯光数据是最新一代的夜间灯光数据,为探究其在人口空间化方向的应用价值和潜力,以珞珈一号夜间灯光数据和土地利用数据为源数据,在乡镇(街道)尺度上分区建立了渐进回归模型,进而得到北京市人口空间化结果,并与NPP/VIIR的结果进行对比。结果表明,珞珈一号夜间灯光数据回归结果的拟合程度和精度均优于NPP/VIIRS回归结果,且这种优势在人口密度小的区域更明显;基于珞珈一号夜间灯光数据的人口空间化结果能清晰展示城市内部人口空间分布的差异,对城市资源、环境管理具有实际意义。

佛冈县农村空心化判别与宅基地优化设计

以清远市佛冈县为典型分析区进行空心化程度研究,并提出了空心化治理的优化设计方案。基于农村地籍调查数据和较高分辨率的珞珈一号夜间灯光数据,利用熵值赋权法判别了佛冈县村庄的空心化情况;提出了农村空心化治理方案和农村宅基地优化设计体系;并为农村空心化集约发展给出了改造策略和建议,为广东省农村宅基地调查成果深度挖掘提供了应用示范,进一步推进了乡村振兴战略的实施。

基于夜光遥感的人口空间化估算

精细的空间化人口数据能够充分展示人口的空间分布和人口密集程度。本文利用珞珈一号夜间灯光数据,通过人口格网化和区域化两种空间化处理方法得到沈阳市不同尺度大小的格网人口数据和区县人口数目。对利用130 m空间分辨率的珞珈一号影像进行人口数目空间化的格网大小进行试验,得出结论:人口数目估算精度随着格网尺度的增大而变低,250 m大小的格网能够较好地描述市级人口空间分布和估算人口数目。根据处理结果的精度可以得出利用珞珈一号夜间灯光数据进行市级人口空间化是可行的。