[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different...[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different ages were re- searched to explore biomass （ground or underground） morphological shape, surface area and volume of a root system. [Result] As age grew, plant height and ground diameter increased significantly, varying dramatically upon seed provenance, and root-canopy ratio, root length, surface area and volume of seedlings were increas- ing. Specifically, seedlings at two-year-old and three-year-old kept a stable growth; moderate and big roots took higher proportions in a root system; underground parts for a plant required more photosynthetic products; root systems of young seedlings grew to moderate and big roots. [Conclusion] Ground biomass is of correlation with root system indices and the morphological characteristics of root systems are close to biomass. The accumulation capacity of biomass differed for seedlings from differ- ent provenances, even in the same environment and at the same time.展开更多
In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming ca...In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming catastrophic.The appearance of the insect was reported for the first time in 2003 in Ethiopia.However,information is scarce on the status of this species in northeast Amhara state.The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of damage,abundance and status of the cypress aphid on C.lusitanica and J.procera in the protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia.Results reveal that tree compositions of the three study areas differed.The dominant tree species were C.lucitanica(15–80%),Olea europaea(5–90%)and J.procera(14–70%).The cypress aphid showed significantly higher levels of infestation on C.lusitanica(35–90%)than on J.procera(1–16%).Moreover,there was higher C.lusitanica mortality(40–93%).In contrast,there was low infestation(1–16%)on J.procera and no mortality.The results reveal that the cypress aphid causes enormous losses of C.lusitanica.Therefore,it is recommended that insect surveillance be strengthened and the introduction bioagents be considered and integrated with other insecticides to minimize the degree of C.lusitanica infestation and loss.展开更多
Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered...Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered ring and some useful biological activities, e.g. fungicide, repellent, insecticide and so on. The biosynthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin has not yet been revealed;we have been trying to uncover it using Cupressus lusitanica cultured cells as a model. In our previous study, terpinolene was identified as a potential β-thujaplicin intermediate at the branching point to terpenoids. In this article, terpinolene metabolism in C. lusitanica cultured cells was investigated, and it was shown that the microsomal fraction from cells oxidized terpinolene into the hydroxylated compound, 5-isopropylidene-2-met-hylcyclohex-2-enol (IME). Then, IME was further oxidized by microsomal fraction to the epoxidized compound, 1,6-epoxy-4(8)-p-menthen-2-ol (EMO). These were the only two products detected from the microsomal reactions, respecttively. Moreover, microsomal reactions with monoterpenes other than terpinolene produced nothing detectable. These results show that the enzymes of these reactions had strict substrate specificity and regio-selectivity. Experiments on kinetics and with specific inhibitors confirmed that these reactions were caused by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, respectively. These results support our hypothesis that terpinolene is a putative intermediate of β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and show that IME and EMO are also putative intermediates.展开更多
采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随...采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,墨西哥柏苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量逐渐降低,且盐胁迫对苗高的影响较对地径的大;叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量则随着盐胁迫程度增加显著上升;叶绿素总含量在低强度胁迫下增大而在高强度胁迫下降低;相对电导率不能真实地反映出墨西哥柏受盐胁迫的影响程度。根据隶属函数法综合评价各种源耐盐能力,筛选出了3个强抗盐种源为:D10(‘Ejido sierra de agua’)、D3(‘La cienega’)、D4(‘La cumbre del manzano’)。展开更多
基金Supported by National Program "948"(2009-4-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different ages were re- searched to explore biomass （ground or underground） morphological shape, surface area and volume of a root system. [Result] As age grew, plant height and ground diameter increased significantly, varying dramatically upon seed provenance, and root-canopy ratio, root length, surface area and volume of seedlings were increas- ing. Specifically, seedlings at two-year-old and three-year-old kept a stable growth; moderate and big roots took higher proportions in a root system; underground parts for a plant required more photosynthetic products; root systems of young seedlings grew to moderate and big roots. [Conclusion] Ground biomass is of correlation with root system indices and the morphological characteristics of root systems are close to biomass. The accumulation capacity of biomass differed for seedlings from differ- ent provenances, even in the same environment and at the same time.
基金financially supported by Wollo University,Ethiopia
文摘In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming catastrophic.The appearance of the insect was reported for the first time in 2003 in Ethiopia.However,information is scarce on the status of this species in northeast Amhara state.The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of damage,abundance and status of the cypress aphid on C.lusitanica and J.procera in the protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia.Results reveal that tree compositions of the three study areas differed.The dominant tree species were C.lucitanica(15–80%),Olea europaea(5–90%)and J.procera(14–70%).The cypress aphid showed significantly higher levels of infestation on C.lusitanica(35–90%)than on J.procera(1–16%).Moreover,there was higher C.lusitanica mortality(40–93%).In contrast,there was low infestation(1–16%)on J.procera and no mortality.The results reveal that the cypress aphid causes enormous losses of C.lusitanica.Therefore,it is recommended that insect surveillance be strengthened and the introduction bioagents be considered and integrated with other insecticides to minimize the degree of C.lusitanica infestation and loss.
文摘Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered ring and some useful biological activities, e.g. fungicide, repellent, insecticide and so on. The biosynthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin has not yet been revealed;we have been trying to uncover it using Cupressus lusitanica cultured cells as a model. In our previous study, terpinolene was identified as a potential β-thujaplicin intermediate at the branching point to terpenoids. In this article, terpinolene metabolism in C. lusitanica cultured cells was investigated, and it was shown that the microsomal fraction from cells oxidized terpinolene into the hydroxylated compound, 5-isopropylidene-2-met-hylcyclohex-2-enol (IME). Then, IME was further oxidized by microsomal fraction to the epoxidized compound, 1,6-epoxy-4(8)-p-menthen-2-ol (EMO). These were the only two products detected from the microsomal reactions, respecttively. Moreover, microsomal reactions with monoterpenes other than terpinolene produced nothing detectable. These results show that the enzymes of these reactions had strict substrate specificity and regio-selectivity. Experiments on kinetics and with specific inhibitors confirmed that these reactions were caused by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, respectively. These results support our hypothesis that terpinolene is a putative intermediate of β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and show that IME and EMO are also putative intermediates.
文摘采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,墨西哥柏苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量逐渐降低,且盐胁迫对苗高的影响较对地径的大;叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量则随着盐胁迫程度增加显著上升;叶绿素总含量在低强度胁迫下增大而在高强度胁迫下降低;相对电导率不能真实地反映出墨西哥柏受盐胁迫的影响程度。根据隶属函数法综合评价各种源耐盐能力,筛选出了3个强抗盐种源为:D10(‘Ejido sierra de agua’)、D3(‘La cienega’)、D4(‘La cumbre del manzano’)。
