Tariff cuts and new trade measures are in the works to make luxury goods more affordable in the Chinese market Where there is luxury,there are Chinese buyers.And when they arrive,cash registers ring incess antly as sa...Tariff cuts and new trade measures are in the works to make luxury goods more affordable in the Chinese market Where there is luxury,there are Chinese buyers.And when they arrive,cash registers ring incess antly as sale after sale is made.It’s particularly true at luxury shopping outlets worldwide.From Galleries Lafayette in Paris to Harrods in London and premium outlets in New York City,Chinese touristsd escend on these locales,often leaving展开更多
BACKGROUND Severely elevated intracranial pressure due to various reasons,such as decreased cerebral perfusion,can lead to devastating neurological outcomes,such as brain herniation.Decompression craniectomy is a life...BACKGROUND Severely elevated intracranial pressure due to various reasons,such as decreased cerebral perfusion,can lead to devastating neurological outcomes,such as brain herniation.Decompression craniectomy is a life-saving procedure that is commonly performed for such a critical situation,but the changes in cerebral microvessels after brain herniation and decompression are unclear.Ultrafast power Doppler imaging(uPDI)is a new microvascular imaging technology that utilizes high frame rate plane/diverging wave transmission and advanced clutter filters.uPDI significantly improves Doppler sensitivity and can detect microvessels,which are usually invisible using traditional ultrasound Doppler imaging.CASE SUMMARY In this report,uPDI was used for the first time to observe the brain blood flow of a hypoperfusion area in a 4-year-old girl who underwent decompression craniectomy due to refractory intracranial hypertension(ICP)after malignant brain tumor surgery.B-mode imaging was used to verify the increased densities of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia that were observed by computed tomography.CONCLUSION uPDI showed the local blood supplies and anatomical structures of the patient after decompressive craniectomy.uPDI is potentially a more intuitive and noninvasive method for evaluating the effects of severe ICP on cerebral microvessels.展开更多
Up till now only a few papers have been found to analyze The Age of Exuberance. It is extremely interesting for us to read The Age of Exuberance:backgrounds to eigh-teenth century English literature by Donald Greene, ...Up till now only a few papers have been found to analyze The Age of Exuberance. It is extremely interesting for us to read The Age of Exuberance:backgrounds to eigh-teenth century English literature by Donald Greene, who tries to see the eigh teenth century from a different perspective, observing it as an exuberant, luxuriant age full of variety. It is the eighteenth century that witnesses the emergence of many news things.展开更多
Betula alnoides is a fast-growing hardwood species grown in large plantations in Southeast Asia and South China.Nitrogen requirements for producing robus seedlings,growth and nutrient dynamics were investigated using ...Betula alnoides is a fast-growing hardwood species grown in large plantations in Southeast Asia and South China.Nitrogen requirements for producing robus seedlings,growth and nutrient dynamics were investigated using exponential fertilization treatments.Root collar diameter,height,dry mass and nutrient contents of seedlings increased exponentially in all fertilization treatments as time progressed.Moreover,with water soluble fertilizer(Plant Products plus microelements N–P2O5–K2O:20–20–20),300 mg N seedling-1was adequate.Vector analysis revealed that P was the most responsive nutrient element followed by N and K.Dilutions of N and K were evident in the plants without N addition,which induced initial P sufficiency and then luxury consumption probably due to the antagonistic interaction between N and P.However deficiencies of N,P and K were mostly observed in al exponential regimes during the experiment because seedling growth rate exceeded nutrient uptake rate,inferring that further study on improving the nutrient uptake efficiency is needed.Analysis of relationships among nutrient supply,dry mass,N content and N concentration demonstrated that 100–400 mg N seedling-1induced sufficiency to luxury consumption of nitrogen without significant change in dry mass,and 400 mg N seedling-1is recommended to apply for nutrient loading of seedlings before outplanting.The findings will help improve seedling quality and enhance the production of robust seedlings for plantation forestry of this species.展开更多
To examine the cognitive dissonance in Chinese luxury consumption,the paper contains a review of the research and development in the field of cognitive dissonance and the distinctive motivations applicable in Chinese ...To examine the cognitive dissonance in Chinese luxury consumption,the paper contains a review of the research and development in the field of cognitive dissonance and the distinctive motivations applicable in Chinese luxury consumption.On the basis of the review,the link between cognitive dissonance and intention to repurchase luxury goods is discussed.This research aims to investigate the impact of Chinese culture on the reflections of cognitive dissonance as well as their repurchase intentions.The study was based on quantitative research,in which the motivations and the levels of cognitive dissonance were explored in the luxury consumption domain.In the study,the effects of Chinese culture(i.e.,Mianzi,group orientation,and buying out of emotions) on luxury consumption and cognitive dissonance were also examined in order to develop a more precise research framework.This study shed light on the different levels of cognitive dissonance relative to the different dimensions of Chinese culture.展开更多
With Internet changing the luxury business landscape,new players have emerged such as the Online Private Sales Retailers(OPSRs).These offer online buyers with a choice of limited-time sales to help companies get rid o...With Internet changing the luxury business landscape,new players have emerged such as the Online Private Sales Retailers(OPSRs).These offer online buyers with a choice of limited-time sales to help companies get rid of their overstocks.Luxury brands are no exception.No research has been conducted about how luxury consumers relate with such websites,hence this paper.In an exploratory fashion,interviews with luxury buyers who also buy online on OPSRs,are conducted to get insights on consumers’perceptions and luxury brand equity that selling through OPSRs may have.We find that appropriate product and brand help consumers forget that they are buying brands’unsold stocks,that transferring the luxury webmospheres would be positively perceived,that consumers from these websites are looking for benefits such as freedom of use and brand discovery,rather than personalized offers,that multiple discounts on several OPSRs may damage the luxury-perception of a brand,that the private sales members consider the service to be good enough for the demanded price,and that personalized invitations can help increase online consumers’feelings of desirability and exclusivity.The paper concludes with practical recommendations for both luxury companies and OPSRs.展开更多
If you expect value,you should expec to pay.At least it seems that way in China.It is common knowledge tha China’s luxury goods market is boom ing,just about every brand considered to b aspirational and alluring is s...If you expect value,you should expec to pay.At least it seems that way in China.It is common knowledge tha China’s luxury goods market is boom ing,just about every brand considered to b aspirational and alluring is scrambling for piece of the action and market share.展开更多
There is no need to recall the historical origians of silk in China and its subsequenspread to other Asian countries,the Middle East and Europe.The story of silk and inparticular the famous legends of the Silk Roads a...There is no need to recall the historical origians of silk in China and its subsequenspread to other Asian countries,the Middle East and Europe.The story of silk and inparticular the famous legends of the Silk Roads are part of everyones cultual back-ground.展开更多
Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “...Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “digital” are quite incompatible [2], this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of digital marketing advertisements of luxury retailers, while also exploring consumer’s purchasing intent based on the viewing of such promotions. The overall goal is to provide a model of luxury purchase behaviour through harnessing social media. As a constructionist ontology-based researcher, I believe in multiple versions of reality which can evolve based on my target consumer experiences [3]. My epistemological stance is interpretivism with a subjective approach, inductively interacting with consumers to better understand what this “truth” means to them, incorporating textual material to support the analytical interpretations [4]. It is hoped this paper will inform fashion brands marketers about social media practice to achieve creation of purchase intention and ultimately achieve target sales. The paper is useful to both practitioners and academics in the fields of social media marketing and purchase intention. The research provides some initial insights into consumer perspectives of social media ads and online purchase behaviour.展开更多
On January 29,the Hurun Research Institute released the Hurun Best of the Best Awards 2015 in Beijing,based on the results of the Hurun Report Chinese Luxury Consumer Survey2015.This is the eleventh consecutive year H...On January 29,the Hurun Research Institute released the Hurun Best of the Best Awards 2015 in Beijing,based on the results of the Hurun Report Chinese Luxury Consumer Survey2015.This is the eleventh consecutive year Hurun Research has revealed the brand preferences,consumption habits and lifestyle trends of China’s wealthiest individuals.Widely regarded as an ISO9000 for China’s luxury sector,the CLCS has become a benchmark for the luxury sector.Hurun Report Chairman and Chief Researcher Rupert Hoogewerf said,展开更多
As the Chinese saying goes,"Courtesy requires reciprocity.It’s impolite not to give as good as one gets." Giving presents is one of China’s oldest traditions.Chinese people give presents when they meet for...As the Chinese saying goes,"Courtesy requires reciprocity.It’s impolite not to give as good as one gets." Giving presents is one of China’s oldest traditions.Chinese people give presents when they meet for the first time,part from each other,ask for a favor,do business,and want to express gratitude.展开更多
In the changing Chinese luxury car market of last year,luxury is no longer a unique characteristic of the traditional car brands and the more choices consumers have,the more difficult for the luxury car brands to surv...In the changing Chinese luxury car market of last year,luxury is no longer a unique characteristic of the traditional car brands and the more choices consumers have,the more difficult for the luxury car brands to survive throat-cut market competition.Recently,Hurun Research Institute released the White Paper on Luxury Car Brands in China 2015-2016 for展开更多
The 1994 China International Auto Exposition attracted some of the world’s famous carmakers such as Germany’s Benz, the Swedish SAAD, Japan’ s Mazda and Korea’ s Hyundai. The only Chinese enterprise rivaling these...The 1994 China International Auto Exposition attracted some of the world’s famous carmakers such as Germany’s Benz, the Swedish SAAD, Japan’ s Mazda and Korea’ s Hyundai. The only Chinese enterprise rivaling these international giants is the Shanghai Volkswagen Auto Co., Ltd. whose luxury Shanghai Santana car aroused great interest among its counterparts at home and abroad. Situated in the Anting展开更多
Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-depend...Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-dependent. There is a lack of information on optimal N loading in container production of Australian Blackwood(Acacia melanoxylon) seedlings. In this study, 7 exponential N loading at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg N seedling-1, respectively, were applied at the week 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 after transplanting to determine optimal loading approach based on seedling height, root collar diameter(RCD), biomass accumulation and N uptake in tissue-cultured Australian Blackwood(A. melanoxylon) seedlings. Seedlings did not respond to N loading 3 wk after transplanting, then the accumulative addition of N loading for improved RCD and seedling height was 12.99 and 28.02 mg N seedlings-1 in the 100 N and 400 N treatment 6 wk after transplanting, respectively, and on 9 and 12 wk, that for improved seedling growth was 63.64 and 400 mg N seedling-1 in the 200 N and 400 N treatment, respectively. Vector diagnosis of final biomass and N status indicated that the dose of 100 and 400 mg N seedling-1 was characterized to be "deficient" and "optimum" dose of exponential N loading for Blackwood seedlings. These conclusions promise to figure out a precise fertilization regime for Blackwood seedlings and the demonstration of dynamic seedling performance could be used for other tree species.展开更多
Through analysis on landscape planning and design,construction process management and control of the Ta iyuan Wanda Vista Hotel,landscape planning and design ideas,plant species selection and construction experience o...Through analysis on landscape planning and design,construction process management and control of the Ta iyuan Wanda Vista Hotel,landscape planning and design ideas,plant species selection and construction experience of the urban luxury hotel are summed up,which provides a reference for the related profession designing and constructing landscape aspect of urban luxury hotel.展开更多
Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation f...Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.展开更多
With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This pape...With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This papertries to analyze the different cultural values reflected in Chinese and Western luxury advertisements based on thetheory of Hofstede’s value dimensions. We hope that a comparative cultural study on luxury advertisements willenable us to comprehend the main cultural values and enhance the tolerance and mutual understanding betweenChina and the Western countries.展开更多
文摘Tariff cuts and new trade measures are in the works to make luxury goods more affordable in the Chinese market Where there is luxury,there are Chinese buyers.And when they arrive,cash registers ring incess antly as sale after sale is made.It’s particularly true at luxury shopping outlets worldwide.From Galleries Lafayette in Paris to Harrods in London and premium outlets in New York City,Chinese touristsd escend on these locales,often leaving
文摘BACKGROUND Severely elevated intracranial pressure due to various reasons,such as decreased cerebral perfusion,can lead to devastating neurological outcomes,such as brain herniation.Decompression craniectomy is a life-saving procedure that is commonly performed for such a critical situation,but the changes in cerebral microvessels after brain herniation and decompression are unclear.Ultrafast power Doppler imaging(uPDI)is a new microvascular imaging technology that utilizes high frame rate plane/diverging wave transmission and advanced clutter filters.uPDI significantly improves Doppler sensitivity and can detect microvessels,which are usually invisible using traditional ultrasound Doppler imaging.CASE SUMMARY In this report,uPDI was used for the first time to observe the brain blood flow of a hypoperfusion area in a 4-year-old girl who underwent decompression craniectomy due to refractory intracranial hypertension(ICP)after malignant brain tumor surgery.B-mode imaging was used to verify the increased densities of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia that were observed by computed tomography.CONCLUSION uPDI showed the local blood supplies and anatomical structures of the patient after decompressive craniectomy.uPDI is potentially a more intuitive and noninvasive method for evaluating the effects of severe ICP on cerebral microvessels.
文摘Up till now only a few papers have been found to analyze The Age of Exuberance. It is extremely interesting for us to read The Age of Exuberance:backgrounds to eigh-teenth century English literature by Donald Greene, who tries to see the eigh teenth century from a different perspective, observing it as an exuberant, luxuriant age full of variety. It is the eighteenth century that witnesses the emergence of many news things.
基金financially supported by The Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2012BAD21B0102)
文摘Betula alnoides is a fast-growing hardwood species grown in large plantations in Southeast Asia and South China.Nitrogen requirements for producing robus seedlings,growth and nutrient dynamics were investigated using exponential fertilization treatments.Root collar diameter,height,dry mass and nutrient contents of seedlings increased exponentially in all fertilization treatments as time progressed.Moreover,with water soluble fertilizer(Plant Products plus microelements N–P2O5–K2O:20–20–20),300 mg N seedling-1was adequate.Vector analysis revealed that P was the most responsive nutrient element followed by N and K.Dilutions of N and K were evident in the plants without N addition,which induced initial P sufficiency and then luxury consumption probably due to the antagonistic interaction between N and P.However deficiencies of N,P and K were mostly observed in al exponential regimes during the experiment because seedling growth rate exceeded nutrient uptake rate,inferring that further study on improving the nutrient uptake efficiency is needed.Analysis of relationships among nutrient supply,dry mass,N content and N concentration demonstrated that 100–400 mg N seedling-1induced sufficiency to luxury consumption of nitrogen without significant change in dry mass,and 400 mg N seedling-1is recommended to apply for nutrient loading of seedlings before outplanting.The findings will help improve seedling quality and enhance the production of robust seedlings for plantation forestry of this species.
基金The Key Laboratory of Ningbo Advanced Textile Technology&Fashion CAD,China(No.2013ZDSYS-R-001)
文摘To examine the cognitive dissonance in Chinese luxury consumption,the paper contains a review of the research and development in the field of cognitive dissonance and the distinctive motivations applicable in Chinese luxury consumption.On the basis of the review,the link between cognitive dissonance and intention to repurchase luxury goods is discussed.This research aims to investigate the impact of Chinese culture on the reflections of cognitive dissonance as well as their repurchase intentions.The study was based on quantitative research,in which the motivations and the levels of cognitive dissonance were explored in the luxury consumption domain.In the study,the effects of Chinese culture(i.e.,Mianzi,group orientation,and buying out of emotions) on luxury consumption and cognitive dissonance were also examined in order to develop a more precise research framework.This study shed light on the different levels of cognitive dissonance relative to the different dimensions of Chinese culture.
文摘With Internet changing the luxury business landscape,new players have emerged such as the Online Private Sales Retailers(OPSRs).These offer online buyers with a choice of limited-time sales to help companies get rid of their overstocks.Luxury brands are no exception.No research has been conducted about how luxury consumers relate with such websites,hence this paper.In an exploratory fashion,interviews with luxury buyers who also buy online on OPSRs,are conducted to get insights on consumers’perceptions and luxury brand equity that selling through OPSRs may have.We find that appropriate product and brand help consumers forget that they are buying brands’unsold stocks,that transferring the luxury webmospheres would be positively perceived,that consumers from these websites are looking for benefits such as freedom of use and brand discovery,rather than personalized offers,that multiple discounts on several OPSRs may damage the luxury-perception of a brand,that the private sales members consider the service to be good enough for the demanded price,and that personalized invitations can help increase online consumers’feelings of desirability and exclusivity.The paper concludes with practical recommendations for both luxury companies and OPSRs.
文摘If you expect value,you should expec to pay.At least it seems that way in China.It is common knowledge tha China’s luxury goods market is boom ing,just about every brand considered to b aspirational and alluring is scrambling for piece of the action and market share.
文摘There is no need to recall the historical origians of silk in China and its subsequenspread to other Asian countries,the Middle East and Europe.The story of silk and inparticular the famous legends of the Silk Roads are part of everyones cultual back-ground.
文摘Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “digital” are quite incompatible [2], this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of digital marketing advertisements of luxury retailers, while also exploring consumer’s purchasing intent based on the viewing of such promotions. The overall goal is to provide a model of luxury purchase behaviour through harnessing social media. As a constructionist ontology-based researcher, I believe in multiple versions of reality which can evolve based on my target consumer experiences [3]. My epistemological stance is interpretivism with a subjective approach, inductively interacting with consumers to better understand what this “truth” means to them, incorporating textual material to support the analytical interpretations [4]. It is hoped this paper will inform fashion brands marketers about social media practice to achieve creation of purchase intention and ultimately achieve target sales. The paper is useful to both practitioners and academics in the fields of social media marketing and purchase intention. The research provides some initial insights into consumer perspectives of social media ads and online purchase behaviour.
文摘On January 29,the Hurun Research Institute released the Hurun Best of the Best Awards 2015 in Beijing,based on the results of the Hurun Report Chinese Luxury Consumer Survey2015.This is the eleventh consecutive year Hurun Research has revealed the brand preferences,consumption habits and lifestyle trends of China’s wealthiest individuals.Widely regarded as an ISO9000 for China’s luxury sector,the CLCS has become a benchmark for the luxury sector.Hurun Report Chairman and Chief Researcher Rupert Hoogewerf said,
文摘As the Chinese saying goes,"Courtesy requires reciprocity.It’s impolite not to give as good as one gets." Giving presents is one of China’s oldest traditions.Chinese people give presents when they meet for the first time,part from each other,ask for a favor,do business,and want to express gratitude.
文摘In the changing Chinese luxury car market of last year,luxury is no longer a unique characteristic of the traditional car brands and the more choices consumers have,the more difficult for the luxury car brands to survive throat-cut market competition.Recently,Hurun Research Institute released the White Paper on Luxury Car Brands in China 2015-2016 for
文摘The 1994 China International Auto Exposition attracted some of the world’s famous carmakers such as Germany’s Benz, the Swedish SAAD, Japan’ s Mazda and Korea’ s Hyundai. The only Chinese enterprise rivaling these international giants is the Shanghai Volkswagen Auto Co., Ltd. whose luxury Shanghai Santana car aroused great interest among its counterparts at home and abroad. Situated in the Anting
基金funded by Complement Public Benefit Research Foundation of state forestry administration,P.R.China
文摘Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-dependent. There is a lack of information on optimal N loading in container production of Australian Blackwood(Acacia melanoxylon) seedlings. In this study, 7 exponential N loading at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg N seedling-1, respectively, were applied at the week 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 after transplanting to determine optimal loading approach based on seedling height, root collar diameter(RCD), biomass accumulation and N uptake in tissue-cultured Australian Blackwood(A. melanoxylon) seedlings. Seedlings did not respond to N loading 3 wk after transplanting, then the accumulative addition of N loading for improved RCD and seedling height was 12.99 and 28.02 mg N seedlings-1 in the 100 N and 400 N treatment 6 wk after transplanting, respectively, and on 9 and 12 wk, that for improved seedling growth was 63.64 and 400 mg N seedling-1 in the 200 N and 400 N treatment, respectively. Vector diagnosis of final biomass and N status indicated that the dose of 100 and 400 mg N seedling-1 was characterized to be "deficient" and "optimum" dose of exponential N loading for Blackwood seedlings. These conclusions promise to figure out a precise fertilization regime for Blackwood seedlings and the demonstration of dynamic seedling performance could be used for other tree species.
文摘Through analysis on landscape planning and design,construction process management and control of the Ta iyuan Wanda Vista Hotel,landscape planning and design ideas,plant species selection and construction experience of the urban luxury hotel are summed up,which provides a reference for the related profession designing and constructing landscape aspect of urban luxury hotel.
文摘Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.
基金This paper is sponsored by Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Project No.18TS27.
文摘With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This papertries to analyze the different cultural values reflected in Chinese and Western luxury advertisements based on thetheory of Hofstede’s value dimensions. We hope that a comparative cultural study on luxury advertisements willenable us to comprehend the main cultural values and enhance the tolerance and mutual understanding betweenChina and the Western countries.