Current Situation of the Collection of Lycium L.Plant Resources in the United States

Most of the Lycium L. plants are medicinal plants, and L. barbarum in this genus is an important Chinese medicinal material. The United States is one of the largest countries in the world in conservation of plant germplasm resources and conservation types. The United States has collected 50 plant resources from 13 species and 1 variety of Lycium L. from all over the world. If we can introduce and utilize these plant resources, it is very important to Chinese wolfberry germplasm resources innovation and genetic improvement.

Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Vitrification of Lycium barbarum L. Plantlets in Tissue Culture

The tender stems from new Lycium barbarum L. cultivar ＂Ningqi 3＂ released by Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were regarded as explants to investigate the vitrification of Lycium barbarum plantlets in tissue culture under different concentrations of 6-BA, sucrose, agrose, culture temperature, and illumination duration with MS as basic medium. The results show that the conditions for maximal proliferation coefficient and min- imal vitrification are as following： the basic medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 3% sucrose and 0.65% agarose; culture at 25℃; 12 h/d（ daylight lamp, 2 000 lx） illumination.

药用植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)土壤细菌群落演替特征

【目的】研究土层、季节和树龄对宁夏枸杞土壤细菌群落结构的影响,对揭示枸杞种植区域土壤质量变化规律具有重要意义。【方法】以宁夏枸杞之乡—宁夏回族自治区中宁县为研究区,采用高通量测序分析了不同土层、季节和树龄条件下枸杞土壤细菌生物量及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化趋势。【结果】随着枸杞树龄增加,与幼龄(种植当年,<1年)枸杞土壤相比,春季和夏季0—20 cm中龄(6年)和老龄(12年)土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)及0—40 cm土壤总有机氮(total organic nitrogen,TON)含量先增加后减少;春季不同树龄0—20 cm土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)一直增加,但春季和秋季20—40 cm则呈相反趋势。夏季中龄植株表层土壤MBC最高,但MBN却最低。随着树龄增加,枸杞表层土壤细菌多样性普遍呈先增加后减小的趋势。枸杞土壤变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidete在细菌群落中占绝对优势。相同季节老龄土壤Proteobacteria相对丰度普遍高于幼龄和中龄,幼龄土壤Planctomycetes和绿弯菌门Chloroflexi丰度高于中龄和老龄。变形杆菌中黄色单胞菌Xanthomonadales、红杆菌Rhodobacterales和根瘤菌Rhizobiales占主导地位,尤其是在秋季中龄和3个季节的老龄枸杞土壤。土层、季节和树龄对土壤微生物数量影响不同。【结论】随着树龄增加,宁夏枸杞表层土壤微生物生物量和细菌多样性呈先增加后降低的趋势。老龄植株土壤Xanthomonadales数量相对最多。土层对枸杞土壤碳分布有极显著影响,树龄主要显著影响土壤氮源和细菌群落多样性,季节对枸杞土壤碳源、微生物量碳氮均有极显著影响。

中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的核型分析

报道了中宁枸杞( Lycium barbarum L.)的核型.核型公式为K(2n)=2 X=24=2 2 m(4 SAT)+2 sm.核型类型为1A，为较原始的对称核型，并与前人的报道结果进行了对比分 析.

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Pollination Compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L.Varieties

[Objective] The aim was to research pol ination compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Method] Self-fertilization and reciprocal cross fertilization tests were conducted among the Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Result] Ningqi No.3 was of self-incompatibility and the self-fertilization fruit set ratio was only 1.33%; the self-compatibility of Ningqi No.2 was only 31.74%; the rest kept self-compatibility higher than 50%. The six varieties al showed better compatibility in general, espe-cial y for Ningqi No.3, whose fruit set ratio and weight of single fruit can be im-proved once a suitable pol inizer is found. [Conclusion] The research providers refer-ences for pol inizer-trees in production.

Preliminary Study on the Anther Culture in Lycium barbarum L.

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Primary Substances and Secondary Substances of Lycium barbarum L.

[Objective] The aim was to provide certain theoretical basis for stuides on the high yield and high quality cultivation of Lycium barbarum L..[Method] Under yield conditions,the accumulation of primary substances and secondary substances of Lycium barbarum L.was studied under different mulching treatments.[Result] Different mulching methods all had a certain effects on the contents of main primary substances and main secondary substances in Lycium barbarum L.fruit.Among them,carbohydrates and flavonoids contents in Lycium barbarum L.were both obviously increased under straw-film mulching;carotenoid content was decreased relatively;hundred leaf weight,1 000-grain weight and yield of Lycium barbarum L.were increased to a certain extent,but there was no obvious effect on the shape of fruit.Besides,the yield of Lycium barbarum L.had no significant positive correlation with total carbohydrate and polysaccharide,almost had no correlation with flavonoids,and had no significant negative correlation with carotenoid.[Conclusion] The reasonable mulching could improve the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L..

Changes of the Main Carotenoid Pigment Contents During the Drying Processes of the Different Harvest Stage Fruits of Lycium barbarum L.

The test analyzed the regularity of biosynthesis and degradation of the main functional components, such as zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and esterified carotenoids in the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in order to provide theoretical basis for improvement of processing condition, appearance quality, and preservation of carotenoids. RP-HPLC was adapted to assay the changes of the main carotenoids of the different harvested stage fruit during the drying processing. Quantification was realized using external standard with gradient elution. The results showed that zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased dramatically, 2-22 times that of fresh fruits at the beginning of the drying period. In the middle of drying period, degradation occurred to a some extent, and the fall fruit degraded to a large extent. At the end of drying period, zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents increased to a little extent until a balanced state is obtained. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content had a total degradation to more than 40% at the beginning of the drying period, and increased a little at the middle period, then reached a balanced state finally. The total carotenoid content analysis showed that the summer fruit had higher carotenoid content than the fall fruit. The experiments demonstrated zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased and zeaxanthin dipalmitate decreased during the drying process, which had an effect on the production appearance.

Preliminary Studies on Identification of Lycium Linn.Germplasm Resources by nrDNA ITS Sequencing

[Objective] The study aimed to identify woltberry （Lycium Linn.） germplasm resources at molecular level by analyzing the nrDNA ITS sequence. [Method] Genomic DNA from woltberry leaves extracted by modified CTAB method were regarded as templates for PCR amplification by specific primer, clone and sequencing. [Result] The nrDNA ITS sequences were obtained and then differentiated among three tested materials. [Conclusion] PCR amplification and sequencing on nrDNA ITS is a feasible approach to identify different woltberry germplasm resources.

Review on the Diseases and Insects of Lycium barbarum L.

With the increasing planting area of Lycium barbarum L. , influence of diseases and pests has grown more serious, and the researches on the diseases and pests of L. barbarum L. have become increasingly important. This study reviewed the found diseases and pests of L barbarum L. and corresponding control measures, proposed the problems, suggestions and prospects, in order to provide references for the sustainable healthy development of L. barbarum L. industry in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

Determination of the Composition and Content of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides by Chromatography

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides （LBP） were obtained after Lycium barbarum, the study object, went through chloroform-methanol degreasing, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, acetone and ether wash and dry, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, deproteinization by savage method. Determined LBP molecular weight by HPLC was 73950-138090Da. And the monosaccharides in LBP determined by IC mainly included glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and mannose, in which glucose, arabinose and galactose had larger contents, while the contents of other monosaccharides were low.

QuEChERS联合UPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS测定枸杞子中33种禁用农药残留

以2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》农药残留量测定法第五法中的快速处理法(QuEChERS)作为前处理方法,采用UPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS测定枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)子中33种禁用农药的残留量。结果表明,该方法线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9950,加样回收率均在60%以上,20批枸杞子仅克百威检出,检出率为70%,合格率为60%。该方法灵敏度高,检测限低,可满足痕量分析要求。

枸杞子产地加工研究进展

目的:为枸杞子产地加工的现代化研究提供理论依据,为其新药开发和质量评价奠定基础。方法:通过数据库的检索,对近些年枸杞子产地加工过程中所涉除蜡及干燥工艺的相关文献资料进行整理与总结。结果:枸杞子除蜡主要包括Na2CO3除蜡、碱性油酸乙酯溶液除蜡等化学除蜡法和超声除蜡、研磨除蜡等物理除蜡法;枸杞子干燥主要包括自然晾干、热风干燥等热力干燥和微波干燥、冷冻干燥等非热力干燥。经实地调研和相关文献查阅发现,除蜡过程与干燥过程所涉工艺存在一定差异,且相关工艺参数缺乏统一标准。结论:目前枸杞子的产地加工研究较为全面,工艺研究多是对枸杞子干果营养成分及品质的影响,目前暂未见对药理、药效影响的报道。

宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的研究与应用进展

酚类化合物是植物中重要的一类次生代谢物,具有多种生物活性,被认为是营养、功能食品的主要功效成分。宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)作为重要的药食同源滋补品,富含酚类化合物及其衍生物。本文综述了国内外宁夏枸杞酚类化合物及其衍生物的研究进展,包括宁夏枸杞酚类化合物的提取、分离、分析与鉴定方法及生物活性;同时也总结了酚类物质对枸杞食药风味/五味的贡献、合成代谢及其深加工应用研究进展,并对枸杞酚类化合物研发存在的问题提出建议及展望。以期为宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的深入研究提供参考依据,为特色资源枸杞开发利用提供理论指导。

恰玛古枸杞复合饮料的研发及配方优化

采用恰玛古、枸杞、浓缩苹果汁为原料,白砂糖、柠檬酸为辅料,并加入黄原胶等稳定剂,研发一款恰玛古枸杞复合饮料。以感官品质评价为指标,通过单因素实验与正交试验对原辅料配比进行优化,在此基础上,再以沉淀率为指标,确定不同稳定剂添加量。最终由实验结果得出最优配方为:恰玛古原汁添加量12%,枸杞原汁添加量24%,浓缩苹果汁添加量0.6%,白砂糖添加量5%,柠檬酸添加量0.18%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)添加量0.04%,黄原胶添加量0.03%,β-环状糊精(β-CD)添加量0.03%。此配方制得的恰玛古枸杞复合饮料感官品质最佳,口感爽滑,糖酸协调,风味独特,状态稳定。

枸杞叶片酚酸类物质的自毒作用分析

自毒作用是植物连作障碍形成的主要原因之一,严重影响植物生长和粮食生产。前期研究结果表明,土壤微生物多样性下降、土传病害加重是枸杞园连作障碍形成的重要原因,但枸杞残体的自毒作用及其物质基础目前仍不明确。为探讨自毒物质的主要来源,本研究对比分析了枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)叶、茎、根等组织浸提液对枸杞幼苗生长的影响。浓度梯度试验结果表明,叶片浸提液的抑制效应高于根、老根皮及茎浸提液。向无枸杞种植历史的农田土壤中添加枸杞叶片干粉能够显著抑制枸杞幼苗生长及叶片光合作用,证实了枸杞叶片具有自毒作用。联合UPLC-QTOF-MS和GC-TOF-MS技术对生长季末期枸杞叶片进行代谢组分析,共鉴定出有机酸112种、醇类41种、氨基酸37种、醛酮类28种和糖类48种。对其中24种有机酸及衍生物的分析发现,20种有机物能够不同程度抑制枸杞幼苗初生根生长。其中水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香豆素在浓度低至10μmol/L时仍具显著抑制效应。UPLC结果进一步显示,长期连作导致枸杞园土壤香豆素、水杨酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸积累。此外,土壤总酚酸含量也随种植年限增加显著增加。这些结果表明土壤中枸杞叶片酚酸能够在长期连作下积累并诱发自毒作用,这为进一步探索枸杞连作障碍形成机制提供了研究基础。

枸杞子在我国保健食品中的应用

枸杞子属于食药同源物质,富含多糖、甜菜碱、花色苷、类胡萝卜素等活性成分,在免疫力提升、缓解视疲劳、抗氧化等保健功能中具有良好的应用价值,也因此受到了国内外研究者和消费者的喜爱。目前,枸杞子在我国保健食品中的应用频率较高,但缺乏系统的整理和分析。基于此,本文分析了枸杞子在我国保健食品中的应用现状、合规性使用依据、主要功效成分的影响因素,并详细论述了枸杞子主要的保健功能和作用机制,以期为枸杞子在我国保健食品中的研究开发和应用提供一定的参考及依据。

枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用

目的 研究枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用。方法 在Cu2 +诱导的LDL氧化模型中测定了脂质过氧化产物硫代巴比妥酸反应物质 (TBARS)的含量及LDL在琼脂糖凝胶电泳上的迁移率以反映从枸杞子中分离、纯化得到的糖缀合物及糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用。结果 枸杞子糖缀合物及糖链抗LDL氧化的能力是不同的 ,其中LbGp5可明显的抑制LDL的氧化。结论 枸杞子糖缀合物具有抗LDL氧化作用 。