Lycium ruthenicum Murr. treatment attenuates APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mouse model-like mitochondrial dysfunction in Slc25a46 knockout mouse model

Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to be substantially associated with ageing and ageing-related diseases like Alzheimer's disease(AD). However, it is unclear whether different mouse models with mitochondrialrelated diseases have similar changes in mitochondrial morphology of the same tissues. Moreover, whether similarities in mitochondrial morphology can be a suitable marker for screening and/or discovering mitochondrial-protective substances remains unknown. Mitochondria morphology in different tissues of a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein Slc25a46 knockout mouse and a traditional APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse were examined using transmission electron microscope(TEM). Both young Slc25a46 knockout mice and aged APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mice models showed similar mitochondrial damage in cerebellum tissues. The results indicated that different mitochondrial-related diseases shared similar alteration and defects in mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, a bioactive food substance with cognition-improving property, could effectively improve muscle strength and increase body weight in the Slc25a46 knockout mice. These findings suggest that mitochondrial morphology defects in mice models, particularly in the mitochondrial compartment, represent a unified and effective marker for screening and validating natural product-derived functional substances with mitochondrial protective properties. It also holds potential application in mitochondrial-impaired senile neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD.

Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective]To study the seeds germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.under different concentrations of NaCl,as well as to find the optimal concentration of NaCl for the germination of L.ruthenicum.[Method]The seeds of L.ruthenicum were treated with different concentrations of NaCl,and the state of seed germination was measured.[Result]With the increasing of concentration of NaCl,the seed germination rate of L.ruthenicum showed an obvious increasing trend.when the concentration was of 0.3%-0.4 %,the germination rate was the highest,and when the concentration of NaCl was greater than 0.4,the germination rate showed a decline trend.[Conclusion]After treated with appropriate concentrations of NaCl before sowing,the germination rate of seeds of L.ruthenicum would increase.

Karyotype Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one was 1.31; the proportions of chromosomes with arm ratio higher than 2 was 0.08; the asymmetry index was 57.02; the karyotype type was 2A; and the karyotype formula was 2n=-24=20m＋4sm.

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of different factors on primary culture,subculture and rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets were investigated.[Result] The most appropriate medium for primary culture of L.ruthenicum was MS ＋ ZT 0.2 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which axillary buds grew well and were rarely vitrified with the germination rate of 88.73%.In addition,ZT exerted significantly better effects on subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets than 6-BA.The most appropriate medium for subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ ZT 0.15 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew rapidly and robustly without vitrification,and the proliferation multiple reached 5.83 times.The most appropriate medium for rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ IBA 1.0 mg/L,in which the rooting rate reached 100%.The most appropriate substrate for transplanting and hardening of L.ruthenicum plantlets was humus soil：perlite = 1：1,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew well with the survival rate of 92.37%.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for largescale production and popularization of L.ruthenicum.

Technical Study on Extraction of Procyanidins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Using Sub-critical Fluid 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane( R134a)and Content Determination from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction rate of procyanidins as an indicator,the influence of pressure,temperature,and extraction time on extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. Ruthenicum Murr. was studied by single factor experimental methods and orthogonal array design. [Results]The order of factors affecting extraction rate of procyanidins was extraction temperature > extraction pressure > extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. ruthenicum Murr. was the highest with extraction pressure of 1. 2 MPa,extraction temperature of 50℃ and extraction time of 90 min. The content of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr. from different producing areas was determined by vanillin-HCl method under the optimal conditions. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of easy operation,good selectivity,low extraction temperature and high extraction efficiency,which is suitable for extraction of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr.

Quality Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives]The quality of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing areas was studied.[Methods]The content of proanthocyanidins(UV spectrophotometry),water-soluble vitamins(VB 2,VB 6,VB 12,Vc,niacinamide,and folic acid)),fat-soluble vitamins(VD,and VK 1)(high performance liquid chromatography),and trace elements Cu,Zn,and Fe(flame atomic absorption method)in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia,Nuomuhong of Qinghai and Korla of Xinjiang were measured.[Results]The content of proanthocyanidins,VB 2,nicotinamide and VB 12 in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was higher,and the content of Vc,VB 6,Cu,Zn,VD and VK 1 in L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong was higher,while the content of folic acid and Fe in L.ruthenicum from Korla was higher.The proanthocyanidin content of L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was the highest,so it is an ideal plant for extracting proanthocyanidins.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the research,development and utilization of L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong,Ejin Banner and Korla.

The Effects of Different Fixation Methods on Quality of Lycium ruthenicum Murr Bud-tea

The effects of three fixation methods( steaming,blanching and microwave fixation) on chemical composition and sensory quality of Lycium ruthenicum bud-tea were investigated.The results showed the fixation technique( the leaf weight 3 g/cm^2,the time 1.5 min,and the temperature 100 ℃) was the best,which was beneficial to the conservation of free amino acid and soluble sugar in L.ruthenicum bud-tea.The loss of chlorophyll was limited,and the score of sensory quality review was higher.

Comparative Analysis of Proanthocyanidins and Polysaccharides on Wild Lycium ruthenicum

[Objectives] To compare content of proanthocyanidins and polysaccharides in wild Lycium ruthenicum. [Methods] The wild L. ruthenicum collected from different regions such as Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu Province were taken as the research objects. The conventional indicators such as proanthocyanidins and polysaccharides of the experimental materials were determined, and the proanthocyanidins and polysaccharides of the experimental materials in different regions were compared and analyzed. The difference in content and correlation, and the cluster analysis method were used to divide clusters of the experimental materials. [Results] The absorbance of proanthocyanidins in the fruit of wild L. ruthenicum was No.4>No.1>No.5>No.6>No.3>No.2, among which the absorbance of anthocyanin(2.43) of wild L. ruthenicum variety No.4 was significantly higher than other experimental materials(P<0.05), and proanthocyanidin of No.2 had the lowest absorbance value of 1.35. There was no significant difference between No.3 and No.6(P>0.05), and there were significant differences among other experimental materials(P<0.05). The content of polysaccharides was: No.3>No.7>No.2>No.4>No.5>No.6>No.1; there was no significant difference between No.3 and No.7(P>0.05), but significantly higher than other materials(P<0.05). Besides, proanthocyanidins and polysaccharides showed significant variability, but there was no consistency in the correlation between them. [Conclusions] In terms of the absorbance of proanthocyanidins, the experimental materials No.1 and No.4 can be classified into a cluster; experimental materials No.2, No.3, No.5 and No.6 can be classified into another cluster. This can provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and breeding of fine varieties.

Structural Characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum Community & Soil Properties on Different Types of Desert Rangeland in the Lower Reaches of Shiyang River

[Objectives] To study structural characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum community and soil properties on different types of desert rangeland in the lower reaches of Shiyang River, and provide theoretical basis for ecological protection and management in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. [Methods] One-way ANOVA analysis and correlation analysis were carried out with the aid of SPSS19.0 software for different types of desert rangeland soils. [Results](i) Among the communities surveyed, there are 31 species belonging to 9 families and 28 genera, including 12 shrub plants, 8 perennial herbs and 11 annual herbs. There are more single genus, occupying 50% of total genus. L. ruthenicum occupies an important position in the community with relatively higher importance value. It plays a dominated role in the community.(ii) In the soils with depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in different types of desert rangeland, the organic carbon contents in the saline alkali soil were the highest, with the values of 1.08%, 0.98%, 0.89% and 0.972%, respectively. Compared with that in sandy land, soil organic carbon in saline alkali land(0-10 cm) had the significant difference(P<0.05), available soil potassium in saline alkali land(except the depth of 20-40 cm) and the total phosphorus content in saline alkali land(0-10 cm) had the significant difference(P<0.05), the total soil nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and the total potassium content had no significant difference(P>0.05). Soil organic carbon, available soil phosphorus in saline alkali land, total soil potassium on sand dune and total soil phosphorus in saline alkali land and gravel in different soil layers of the same type of desert rangeland had distinct aggregation effect.(iii) The soil microbial biomass in different types of desert rangeland displayed from high to low as saline alkali land > sandy land > fixed and semi fixed sandy land > gravel. The discrepancy of soil microbial biomass varied in different types of desert rangeland. The four soil enzyme activities in salinization was the highest. Soil invertase activity in saline alkali land in different soil layers were the highest. For different soil layers in the same type of desert rangeland, soil microbial biomass and invertase decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer.(iv) There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, phosphatase and sucrase(P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with urease and catalase(P<0.05). Phosphorus content was significant positively correlated with urease, phosphatase and invertase(P<0.01), and positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon(P<0.05). Soil available potassium content was significant positively correlated with microbial and phosphatase(P<0.01). [Conclusions] The species of L. ruthenicum community and soil properties on different types of desert rangeland in the lower reaches of Shiyang River clearly shows that most species belong to a few families, and a few species belong to most families, and many species are single genus or single family. Soil organic carbon, soil available phosphorus, total phosphorus, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in salinization land had distinct surface aggregation effects, so salinization land provides excellent growth environment for the growth of L. ruthenicum, which is of great significance for the protection of L. ruthenicum population.

Eco-Friendly pH Indicator Based on Natural Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum

An eco-friendly and visual pH indicator was developed based on cotton fabrics dyed with natural Lycium ruthenicum extract(LRE),whose color changed from red to purple,blue and green at pH of 2-10.Three methods for dyeing cotton fabrics with LRE were attempted,namely pre-mordanting,simultaneous mordanting,and post-mordanting methods with different dyeing temperatures,dyeing times and dyebath pH values.The cotton fabrics exhibited the highest K/S value when they were dyed under a dyebath of pH 6 at 20℃for 90 min in the case of the simultaneous mordanting method.Meanwhile,the dyed cotton fabrics also showed reversible pH-dependent color changes.The developed flexible pH indicator based on renewable natural materials is suitable for multiple applications in environmental monitoring and smart textiles.

黑果枸杞香气成分和多酚类物质的组成研究

随着人类对健康和养生重视程度的不断提高,具有良好功效的药食同源植物黑果枸杞受到越来越多的关注,研究黑果枸杞中具有药理活性物质的化学成分,对其深加工和进一步开发利用具有重要的意义。该文对甘肃酒泉产的黑果枸杞鲜果的香气成分及多酚类物质的化学组成进行分析,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术定性定量分析黑果枸杞鲜果香气成分;采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆串联飞行时间质谱技术定性分析黑果枸杞鲜果中多酚类物质的组成。从黑果枸杞香气成分中鉴定出醇类、醛酮类、酯类、烃类等挥发性化学成分63种,占香气成分总量的95.4%,其中25种化合物为我国国家标准GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定的食品用合成香料;香气成分中醇类化合物共计26种,总含量占比最高(44.98%)。黑果枸杞多酚经提取和HPD-500大孔吸附树脂纯化后进行液相色谱-质谱联用测试,定性鉴别出73种多酚化合物,其主要由黄酮类和酚酸类等化合物组成。该研究初步确定了黑果枸杞香气和多酚类物质的化学成分,为黑果枸杞药用及食用功效的深入研究奠定了基础。

基于高遗传转化率及低幼苗玻璃化率的黑果枸杞叶片组合培养体系

【目的】建立高效稳定的黑果枸杞遗传转化体系,有效降低其再生幼苗玻璃化率,促进其基因功能研究和提高遗传改良效率。【方法】以黑果枸杞叶片作为外植体,利用农杆菌(LBA4404、EHA105)介导的遗传转化法,通过调整基础培养基类型并添加相应浓度的植物激素,筛选出最适愈伤组织诱导培养基、分化和选择培养基、生根诱导培养基,将黑果枸杞遗传转化率提高到65%以上,同时降低幼苗玻璃化率至10%以下。【结果】(1)黑果枸杞叶片高效组合培养体系中最佳农杆菌侵染浓度(OD_(600))为0.6,侵染时间为25 min,在此条件下侵染叶片抗性愈伤诱导率达78.2%~96%;(2)黑果枸杞遗传转化中最适分化和选择培养基为:MS+肌醇50 mg/L+烟酸0.25 mg/L+维生素B60.25 mg/L+铁盐母液1 mL/L+甘氨酸1.0 mg/L+维生素B10.05 mg/L+6-BA 0.25 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+卡那霉素30 mg/L+特美汀300 mg/L(pH=6.0);最适生根诱导培养基为:WPM+IBA 0.25 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+卡那霉素30 mg/L+特美汀300 mg/L(pH=6.0);(3)在最适分化和选择培养基中,农杆菌LBA4404-pBI121侵染叶片外植体产生的幼苗玻璃化率约为65%,而农杆菌EHA105-pBI121侵染处理则低于10%;(4)采用木本植物低盐WPM培养基可使黑果枸杞再生幼苗生根效率达到81.2%左右。(5)将阳性愈伤数量与总接种叶片数量比值作为遗传转化效率的评价指标,在最适遗传转化体系中,农杆菌LBA4404-pBI121和EHA105-pBI121侵染后遗传转化率分别为51%和65.2%。【结论】黑果枸杞叶片高效组合培养体系能够显著提高其遗传转化率,降低玻璃化幼苗的发生率。

改进和优化黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素测定的pH示差法

建立一种基于美国官方分析化学师协会(Association of Official Analytical Chemists,AOAC)方法检测黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素含量的改进pH示差法。考察了黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的最佳提取和检测条件,通过液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别出黑果枸杞中花青素的具体化学结构,并计算出混合花青素的平均摩尔质量。通过分光光度法测得混合花青素的平均摩尔消光系数,对改进后的pH示差法进行方法学验证和花青素的含量测定。结果显示,最佳提取和检测条件如下:黑果枸杞花青素提取溶剂为盐酸-80%(体积分数)乙醇(3∶97,体积比),料液比为1∶100(g∶mL),提取温度为50℃,提取时间为30 min,缓冲溶液稀释5倍后静置平衡20 min。液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别黑果枸杞中主要以矮牵牛素类花青素为主(占97.96%),黑果枸杞特有的混合花青素平均摩尔质量为912.7 g/mol,平均摩尔消光系数为29591 L/(mol·cm)。pH示差法改进后能够满足方法学验证要求,固体样品和液体样品最低检出限分别为28.2 mg/100 g、0.282 mg/100 mL。方法改进后花青素提取增长率均大于20%,静置平衡20 min后单次检测结果精密度小于0.3%。以矮牵牛素类花青素代替矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷计算花青素含量平均提高了2.41倍,能真实地反映黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的含量。

黑果枸杞中矿物元素溶出特性研究

黑果枸杞,茄科枸杞属,富含多种矿物质元素,这对人体生长发育有重要的生物学作用。黑果枸杞作为一种药食同源的物质,为了解其营养价值、指导健康食用及进一步功能开发,有必要分析矿物质溶出特性,并进行相关性分析。黑果枸杞样品制备以硝酸和过氧化氢为消解酸,微波消解仪制备消解液,以不同温度纯水浸提制备浸泡液,试验建立了电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定消解液和浸泡液中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、Li、Sr十种矿物元素含量的实验方法,并进行了矿物元素溶出特性研究及相关性分析。在优化的光谱分析条件下,十种元素线性关系好(r>0.9995)、检出限低(<0.01 mg·L^(-1))、准确度高、精密度好。加标回收率在97.2%~101.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.99%。实验发现,黑果枸杞中矿物元素含量丰富,含量最高的是K,其次是Na、Ca、Mg,然后是Fe、Li和Sr,含量较低的是Mn、Zn、Cu。黑果枸杞中K/Na值大于8,属于典型的高钾低钠食品。Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Li、Sr、Mn、Cu也是人体中多种酶、激素和维生素中不可缺少的活性因子,是一种理想的食品。黑果枸杞浸泡液中,除Li与Ca、Zn、Fe之间,Mg与Zn之间关系不明显外,其余元素间呈显著正相关或极显著正相关。表明,各矿物质元素中不存在明显的拮抗作用。矿物质元素的溶出率与浸泡时间及提取温度有关。实验采用沸水和40℃纯水浸泡黑果枸杞样品,选取浸提时间5、10和20 min三个时间点研究提取温度及时间对溶出率的影响。十种元素中K、Na、Zn溶出率最高,可能是因为三种元素多以离子形式存在,容易提取。Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Cu含量差异大,溶出率相近,可能是价态相近,提取效率相近。Li溶出率受提取温度影响很大,沸水浸泡溶出率是40℃温水的的1.5~2倍,Fe在微量元素中含量最高,溶出率却最低,主要是由于Fe与蛋白质结合,不易萃取。试验数据可为健康食用黑果枸杞及进一步开发利用提供理论参考。

叶面喷施6-BA对盐胁迫下不同种源黑果枸杞幼苗生理指标和光合特性的影响

以青海黑果枸杞和甘肃黑果枸杞实生苗为试验材料,分析不同浓度6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对盐胁迫下不同种源黑果枸杞幼苗生理指标、抗氧化系统和光合参数的影响。结果表明:(1)施加低、中浓度6-BA降低了无盐条件下两种黑果枸杞叶片和根中Na^(+)和Cl^(-)质量分数、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))质量摩尔浓度、电解质外渗率,提高了抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、硝酸还原酶(NR)和ATP硫酸化酶(ATPS)活性,以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、氮(N)、硫(S)质量分数和光合氮利用效率;高浓度6-BA对无盐条件下两种黑果枸杞上述指标却有相反的作用。(2)与青海黑果枸杞相比,甘肃黑果枸杞在盐胁迫下叶片中积累了更多的Na^(+)和Cl^(-),并遭受更大的氧化胁迫,表现为叶片中更高的H_(2)O_(2)质量摩尔浓度和电解质渗出率以及更低的光合参数。(3)受到盐胁迫后,青海黑果枸杞体内抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性高于甘肃黑果枸杞,但甘肃黑果枸杞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性更高。(4)与甘肃黑果枸杞相比,青海黑果枸杞叶中的氮和硫通过提高同化酶—硝酸还原酶(NR)和ATP硫酸化酶(ATPS)活性而积累更多,从而使叶片中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)质量分数显著提高。(5)低、中浓度6-BA有利于提高青海黑果枸杞和甘肃黑果枸杞氮硫同化效率、GSH质量分数以及APX和GR的活性,导致在无盐条件下光合作用增强,缓解了盐胁迫下光合作用的下降,限制了叶片中Na^(+)和Cl^(-)的质量分数,提高了光合氮利用效率;然而高浓度6-BA的应用对黑果枸杞的生长具有反作用;6-BA对青海黑果枸杞盐胁迫下各生理指标变化的影响比甘肃黑果枸杞更明显。因此,6-BA的施用,使青海黑果枸杞的NR和ATPS活性提高,增强了抗氧化防御系统的功能,缓解了盐胁迫引起光合作用减弱的现象。

黑果枸杞栽培株行距研究

为确定黑果枸杞栽植的株行距,以黑果枸杞为试验材料,采用实生苗进行田间栽植,分别设置3个不同株距1、1.2、1.5 m,以及3个栽植株行距1.5 m×2 m、1.5 m×3 m和2 m×2.5 m,通过测定株高、冠幅、分枝数、侧枝数、侧枝长、尖削度、坐果率、果实参数、产量等,比较不同株距和栽植株行距对黑果枸杞生长发育及果实表型性状的影响。结果表明,黑果枸杞人工栽培的合适株距为1.5 m,行距2~3 m,在保持单株占地面积相近的情况下,可根据需要适当地调整株行距;栽植株行距为1.5 m×3 m时,果型变异小,果实纵径、横径、果型指数等表型特征较稳定。以期为人工栽培管理提供技术参考。

黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞的广泛靶向代谢组学分析

目的:全面分析和鉴定枸杞果实中的代谢物,比较不同品种间代谢物的差异,为深入挖掘和利用不同品种枸杞提供参考。方法:以黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞干果为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,鉴定和比较两种枸杞的代谢物。结果:两种枸杞果实中共检测出1098种代谢产物,包括氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸、黄酮、生物碱、脂质等12类,其中酚酸、黄酮和生物碱3类代谢产物占比最高。通过主成分分析和聚类分析发现,黄果枸杞与黑果枸杞相比,存在235种差异代谢物上调和252种差异代谢物下调。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析发现,不同品种枸杞间的差异代谢物主要涉及黄酮生物合成,托烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱的生物合成,次生代谢物的生物合成,ABC转运等途径。结论:不同品种对枸杞代谢物的含量影响较大,本研究结果对黑枸杞和黄枸杞的开发和利用提供一定的理论指导。

枸杞植物化学成分调节肠道菌群及相关生理功能的研究进展

枸杞含有多种营养和活性组分,具有一定的食用和药用价值。过去的研究发现,枸杞提取物具有调节免疫、抗肿瘤、抗癌等多种生物活性。最新的研究发现枸杞及其提取物还具有肠道菌群调节功能。本文对宁夏枸杞(红枸杞)和黑果枸杞果实中的枸杞多糖、花色苷、甜菜碱、酚酸、黄酮类化合物、类胡萝卜素等植物化学成分进行了介绍,详述了枸杞全果及其提取物对肠道菌群及相关生理功能的影响,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

黑果枸杞多糖结构表征及对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤的影响

采用热水浸提法提取黑果枸杞多糖(Lycium ruthenicum Murr. polysaccharide,LRMP),解析其单糖组成、糖苷键连接方式、链构象等结构参数,并评价其对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞(gastric mucosal epithelial cells,GES-1)损伤的保护效果。结果表明,LRMP由阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、岩藻糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,结构末端主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖残基组成,在溶液中呈典型的无规卷曲构象,均方半径为(80.4±1.0)nm。LRMP对GES-1细胞无毒性作用,质量浓度600μg/mL LRMP可以显著抑制乙醇对GES-1细胞造成的损伤,同时恢复细胞内超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低GES-1细胞凋亡率。综上所述,LRMP作为功能性多糖在健康食品开发中具有潜力。

黑果枸杞不同发育时期果实花色苷合成的转录组分析

【目的】探究黑果枸杞果实发育过程中花色苷合成的分子机制,对深入理解黑果枸杞花色苷合成调控网络具有重要意义。【方法】选取青果期、转色初期、转色后期、成熟期和完全成熟期的黑果枸杞果实进行转录组测序,挖掘与黑果枸杞果实花色苷合成相关的候选基因。【结果】随黑果枸杞果实发育,花色苷含量逐渐升高,成熟期及完全成熟期果实中的花色苷含量显著高于青果期、转色初期及转色后期。5个发育时期共筛选出13540个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),以青果期为对照,随果实发育,各阶段DEGs数量逐渐增多。GO分析发现,DEGs共同富集的子集有苯丙烷代谢过程、多糖分解代谢过程、苯丙烷生物合成过程、类黄酮生物合成过程、细胞壁大分子代谢过程、膜锚定成分和营养库活性通路。KEGG分析表明,DEGs显著富集于类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成、植物激素信号转导、二苯乙烯类、二芳基庚烷类和姜辣素生物合成及角质和木栓质和蜡质的生物合成通路。分析DEGs表达量与花色苷含量相关性,筛选出参与黑果枸杞果实发育过程花色苷合成的候选基因36个,主要包括10个花色苷合成通路结构基因,4个转录因子,9个ABA、8个GA及5个JA信号转导通路基因。RT-qPCR验证其中10个基因的表达趋势,与转录组数据一致。【结论】黑果枸杞果实发育过程中,花色苷合成途径的结构基因、转录因子及ABA、GA和JA信号转导通路中基因的表达调控果实着色。