中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的核型分析

报道了中宁枸杞( Lycium barbarum L.)的核型.核型公式为K(2n)=2 X=24=2 2 m(4 SAT)+2 sm.核型类型为1A，为较原始的对称核型，并与前人的报道结果进行了对比分 析.

Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Vitrification of Lycium barbarum L. Plantlets in Tissue Culture

The tender stems from new Lycium barbarum L. cultivar ＂Ningqi 3＂ released by Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were regarded as explants to investigate the vitrification of Lycium barbarum plantlets in tissue culture under different concentrations of 6-BA, sucrose, agrose, culture temperature, and illumination duration with MS as basic medium. The results show that the conditions for maximal proliferation coefficient and min- imal vitrification are as following： the basic medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 3% sucrose and 0.65% agarose; culture at 25℃; 12 h/d（ daylight lamp, 2 000 lx） illumination.

药用植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)土壤细菌群落演替特征

【目的】研究土层、季节和树龄对宁夏枸杞土壤细菌群落结构的影响,对揭示枸杞种植区域土壤质量变化规律具有重要意义。【方法】以宁夏枸杞之乡—宁夏回族自治区中宁县为研究区,采用高通量测序分析了不同土层、季节和树龄条件下枸杞土壤细菌生物量及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化趋势。【结果】随着枸杞树龄增加,与幼龄(种植当年,<1年)枸杞土壤相比,春季和夏季0—20 cm中龄(6年)和老龄(12年)土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)及0—40 cm土壤总有机氮(total organic nitrogen,TON)含量先增加后减少;春季不同树龄0—20 cm土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)一直增加,但春季和秋季20—40 cm则呈相反趋势。夏季中龄植株表层土壤MBC最高,但MBN却最低。随着树龄增加,枸杞表层土壤细菌多样性普遍呈先增加后减小的趋势。枸杞土壤变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidete在细菌群落中占绝对优势。相同季节老龄土壤Proteobacteria相对丰度普遍高于幼龄和中龄,幼龄土壤Planctomycetes和绿弯菌门Chloroflexi丰度高于中龄和老龄。变形杆菌中黄色单胞菌Xanthomonadales、红杆菌Rhodobacterales和根瘤菌Rhizobiales占主导地位,尤其是在秋季中龄和3个季节的老龄枸杞土壤。土层、季节和树龄对土壤微生物数量影响不同。【结论】随着树龄增加,宁夏枸杞表层土壤微生物生物量和细菌多样性呈先增加后降低的趋势。老龄植株土壤Xanthomonadales数量相对最多。土层对枸杞土壤碳分布有极显著影响,树龄主要显著影响土壤氮源和细菌群落多样性,季节对枸杞土壤碳源、微生物量碳氮均有极显著影响。

Preliminary Study on the Anther Culture in Lycium barbarum L.

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Pollination Compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L.Varieties

[Objective] The aim was to research pol ination compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Method] Self-fertilization and reciprocal cross fertilization tests were conducted among the Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Result] Ningqi No.3 was of self-incompatibility and the self-fertilization fruit set ratio was only 1.33%; the self-compatibility of Ningqi No.2 was only 31.74%; the rest kept self-compatibility higher than 50%. The six varieties al showed better compatibility in general, espe-cial y for Ningqi No.3, whose fruit set ratio and weight of single fruit can be im-proved once a suitable pol inizer is found. [Conclusion] The research providers refer-ences for pol inizer-trees in production.

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Primary Substances and Secondary Substances of Lycium barbarum L.

[Objective] The aim was to provide certain theoretical basis for stuides on the high yield and high quality cultivation of Lycium barbarum L..[Method] Under yield conditions,the accumulation of primary substances and secondary substances of Lycium barbarum L.was studied under different mulching treatments.[Result] Different mulching methods all had a certain effects on the contents of main primary substances and main secondary substances in Lycium barbarum L.fruit.Among them,carbohydrates and flavonoids contents in Lycium barbarum L.were both obviously increased under straw-film mulching;carotenoid content was decreased relatively;hundred leaf weight,1 000-grain weight and yield of Lycium barbarum L.were increased to a certain extent,but there was no obvious effect on the shape of fruit.Besides,the yield of Lycium barbarum L.had no significant positive correlation with total carbohydrate and polysaccharide,almost had no correlation with flavonoids,and had no significant negative correlation with carotenoid.[Conclusion] The reasonable mulching could improve the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L..

Changes of the Main Carotenoid Pigment Contents During the Drying Processes of the Different Harvest Stage Fruits of Lycium barbarum L.

The test analyzed the regularity of biosynthesis and degradation of the main functional components, such as zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and esterified carotenoids in the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in order to provide theoretical basis for improvement of processing condition, appearance quality, and preservation of carotenoids. RP-HPLC was adapted to assay the changes of the main carotenoids of the different harvested stage fruit during the drying processing. Quantification was realized using external standard with gradient elution. The results showed that zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased dramatically, 2-22 times that of fresh fruits at the beginning of the drying period. In the middle of drying period, degradation occurred to a some extent, and the fall fruit degraded to a large extent. At the end of drying period, zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents increased to a little extent until a balanced state is obtained. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content had a total degradation to more than 40% at the beginning of the drying period, and increased a little at the middle period, then reached a balanced state finally. The total carotenoid content analysis showed that the summer fruit had higher carotenoid content than the fall fruit. The experiments demonstrated zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased and zeaxanthin dipalmitate decreased during the drying process, which had an effect on the production appearance.

Review on the Diseases and Insects of Lycium barbarum L.

With the increasing planting area of Lycium barbarum L. , influence of diseases and pests has grown more serious, and the researches on the diseases and pests of L. barbarum L. have become increasingly important. This study reviewed the found diseases and pests of L barbarum L. and corresponding control measures, proposed the problems, suggestions and prospects, in order to provide references for the sustainable healthy development of L. barbarum L. industry in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

Determination of the Composition and Content of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides by Chromatography

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides （LBP） were obtained after Lycium barbarum, the study object, went through chloroform-methanol degreasing, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, acetone and ether wash and dry, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, deproteinization by savage method. Determined LBP molecular weight by HPLC was 73950-138090Da. And the monosaccharides in LBP determined by IC mainly included glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and mannose, in which glucose, arabinose and galactose had larger contents, while the contents of other monosaccharides were low.

枸杞子产地加工研究进展

目的:为枸杞子产地加工的现代化研究提供理论依据,为其新药开发和质量评价奠定基础。方法:通过数据库的检索,对近些年枸杞子产地加工过程中所涉除蜡及干燥工艺的相关文献资料进行整理与总结。结果:枸杞子除蜡主要包括Na2CO3除蜡、碱性油酸乙酯溶液除蜡等化学除蜡法和超声除蜡、研磨除蜡等物理除蜡法;枸杞子干燥主要包括自然晾干、热风干燥等热力干燥和微波干燥、冷冻干燥等非热力干燥。经实地调研和相关文献查阅发现,除蜡过程与干燥过程所涉工艺存在一定差异,且相关工艺参数缺乏统一标准。结论:目前枸杞子的产地加工研究较为全面,工艺研究多是对枸杞子干果营养成分及品质的影响,目前暂未见对药理、药效影响的报道。

宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的研究与应用进展

酚类化合物是植物中重要的一类次生代谢物,具有多种生物活性,被认为是营养、功能食品的主要功效成分。宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)作为重要的药食同源滋补品,富含酚类化合物及其衍生物。本文综述了国内外宁夏枸杞酚类化合物及其衍生物的研究进展,包括宁夏枸杞酚类化合物的提取、分离、分析与鉴定方法及生物活性;同时也总结了酚类物质对枸杞食药风味/五味的贡献、合成代谢及其深加工应用研究进展,并对枸杞酚类化合物研发存在的问题提出建议及展望。以期为宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的深入研究提供参考依据,为特色资源枸杞开发利用提供理论指导。

恰玛古枸杞复合饮料的研发及配方优化

采用恰玛古、枸杞、浓缩苹果汁为原料,白砂糖、柠檬酸为辅料,并加入黄原胶等稳定剂,研发一款恰玛古枸杞复合饮料。以感官品质评价为指标,通过单因素实验与正交试验对原辅料配比进行优化,在此基础上,再以沉淀率为指标,确定不同稳定剂添加量。最终由实验结果得出最优配方为:恰玛古原汁添加量12%,枸杞原汁添加量24%,浓缩苹果汁添加量0.6%,白砂糖添加量5%,柠檬酸添加量0.18%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)添加量0.04%,黄原胶添加量0.03%,β-环状糊精(β-CD)添加量0.03%。此配方制得的恰玛古枸杞复合饮料感官品质最佳,口感爽滑,糖酸协调,风味独特,状态稳定。

枸杞叶片酚酸类物质的自毒作用分析

自毒作用是植物连作障碍形成的主要原因之一,严重影响植物生长和粮食生产。前期研究结果表明,土壤微生物多样性下降、土传病害加重是枸杞园连作障碍形成的重要原因,但枸杞残体的自毒作用及其物质基础目前仍不明确。为探讨自毒物质的主要来源,本研究对比分析了枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)叶、茎、根等组织浸提液对枸杞幼苗生长的影响。浓度梯度试验结果表明,叶片浸提液的抑制效应高于根、老根皮及茎浸提液。向无枸杞种植历史的农田土壤中添加枸杞叶片干粉能够显著抑制枸杞幼苗生长及叶片光合作用,证实了枸杞叶片具有自毒作用。联合UPLC-QTOF-MS和GC-TOF-MS技术对生长季末期枸杞叶片进行代谢组分析,共鉴定出有机酸112种、醇类41种、氨基酸37种、醛酮类28种和糖类48种。对其中24种有机酸及衍生物的分析发现,20种有机物能够不同程度抑制枸杞幼苗初生根生长。其中水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香豆素在浓度低至10μmol/L时仍具显著抑制效应。UPLC结果进一步显示,长期连作导致枸杞园土壤香豆素、水杨酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸积累。此外,土壤总酚酸含量也随种植年限增加显著增加。这些结果表明土壤中枸杞叶片酚酸能够在长期连作下积累并诱发自毒作用,这为进一步探索枸杞连作障碍形成机制提供了研究基础。

宁杞7号周年干物质与氮磷钾累积动态特征

【目的】明确枸杞干物质和氮磷钾周年动态累积规律,为枸杞施肥量和施肥时期的优化提供依据。【方法】以5年生宁杞7号整树为试材,采用树体分解法,分别于枸杞春梢期(4月)、花果期(5月)、盛果期(7月)、夏眠期(8月)、秋果期(9月)、休眠期(11月)整株挖取干周和树高相近的枸杞树各3株,分解为主干、枝条(分别按新生枝、1年生枝采集)、叶片、果实和根系样品,测定并分析其干物质及氮、磷、钾含量和累积量的动态变化。【结果】在枸杞周年生长过程中,干物质累积高峰集中在盛果期和秋果期;全物候期枸杞不同器官干物质累积量从高到低依次为:果实>主干>叶片>根系>新生枝>1年生枝。枸杞叶片、果实中的氮、磷、钾含量显著高于其他器官;另外,枸杞叶片和果实中的氮、磷含量在春稍期、花果期较高,钾含量在花果期、秋果期较高。当经济产量为971.17 g/株时,枸杞氮、磷、钾累积量分别为72.80,11.87,32.62 g/株,累积高峰期出现在花果期和盛果期,其中新增氮、磷、钾累积量分别为58.41,7.98,27.19 g/株,多累积在果实、叶片中。【结论】宁杞7号枸杞每形成100 kg干物质,N、P(P 2O 5)、K(K 2O)养分需要量分别为13.56~15.58,4.90~9.22和5.50~8.97 kg/hm^(2),需求质量比为1.00∶0.23∶0.48。应注意在干物质和养分累积的高峰期,即花果期、盛果期和秋果期保证养分供应充足。

宁夏枸杞雄性不育花药中胼胝质动态变化特征

【目的】胼胝质是以β-1,3键结合的葡聚糖,其形成的壁结构只发生在特定组织。当其提前或延迟降解时,会导致花粉败育,明确胼胝质的沉积动态规律对探究雄性不育机理及利用枸杞雄性不育具有重要意义。【方法】研究以宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)可育系‘宁杞1号’与不育系‘宁杞5号’为试验材料,采用半薄切片技术,并利用苯胺蓝标记胼胝质的方法和高碘酸-希夫反应(periodic acid-Schiff stain,PAS),在光学显微镜下对比观察不同发育时期的宁夏枸杞可育和不育花药中胼胝质的动态变化特征,分析胼胝质对不育系花药败育的影响。【结果】结果显示,小孢子母细胞时期,可育和不育花药小孢子母细胞外沉积形成厚薄不均的胼胝质壁,荧光反应显示减数分裂形成四分体后,胼胝质壁逐渐增厚,随着花药进一步发育,可育花药中四分体外胼胝质壁逐渐解体、消失,释放出4个小孢子。而不育花药中四分体外的胼胝质壁不断增厚,并没有出现降解迹象,直至开花,药室中小孢子仍以四分体状态存在,已经变形、解体的四分体外仍包裹着胼胝质壁。胼胝质降解异常是导致宁夏枸杞花粉败育的结构原因。【结论】文章进一步对不育系四分体胼胝质壁未发生降解的原因进行了分析,为解析宁夏枸杞雄性不育机理提供理论基础。

枸杞果实采后白霉病菌生物学特性及反式-2-己烯醛对其防控研究

目的探究枸杞采后白霉病菌生物学特性以及反式-2-己烯醛对白霉病的控制和预防效果。方法以前期分离鉴定的引起枸杞鲜果采后白霉腐烂的变红镰刀菌(Fusarium incarnatum)为研究对象,采用皿内测定方法研究其在不同营养基质和培养条件下的生物学特性,并通过体外菌丝扩展抑制法和体内损伤接种后药物熏蒸病害防控法筛选有效控制枸杞白霉病的反式-2己烯醛浓度,最后通过药物熏蒸后损伤接种处理考查反式-2-己烯醛对该病的预防效果。结果枸杞采后白霉病菌菌丝最适生长条件为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(potato dextrose agar,PDA)或马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(potato sugar agar,PSA)培养基、28℃、全光照;最佳产孢条件为PDA培养基(pH 5)、28℃、全黑暗;最佳孢子萌发条件为pH 7~8、28℃、全光照,51℃(10 min)为菌丝致死温度,最适生长碳源、氮源分别为果胶和酵母粉。反式-2-己烯醛可抑制枸杞白霉菌菌丝扩展且呈浓度依赖性,其半数效应浓度(median effect concentration,EC_(50))和最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibit concentration,MIC)分别为0.0184和0.0322μL/mL;反式-2-己烯醛对枸杞白霉菌既有控制又有预防效果,且40.0μL/L是反式-2-己烯醛的最有效熏蒸浓度。结论PDA或PSA培养基、28℃、酵母粉为氮源、全光照有利于枸杞果实白霉病菌的繁殖,为生产上选择氮肥、贮藏上低温避光条件的选择提供依据,40.0μL/L的反式-2-己烯醛具有预防和控制枸杞白霉病的潜力,为枸杞果实采后白霉病的综合防控和绿色药物开发奠定了基础。

植物乳植杆菌NXU0011发酵枸杞产物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠代谢物质的影响

为探究植物乳植杆菌NXU0011发酵枸杞产物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠代谢物质的影响,以葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠为研究对象,将其分为模型组(DSS组)、空白组(Con组)、药物组(MS组)、植物乳植杆菌NXU0011发酵枸杞产物冻干粉干预组(LP+Ly组),基于非靶向代谢组学技术,对其血清进行差异代谢物质分析。在正离子模式下,鉴定出4组样本间共有381种差异代谢物,其中MS、DSS比较组样本间差异代谢物有56种,LP+Ly、DSS比较组样本间差异代谢物有87种。对Con组和LP+Ly组与DSS组显著差异代谢物进行京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析,筛选出精氨酸生物合成、维生素消化和吸收两条富集率较高的代谢途径。本研究可为乳酸菌发酵枸杞产物改善溃疡性结肠炎提供参考依据。

枸杞裂果相关性状因子研究

以‘宁杞7号’成熟果实为试材,采用人工浸水诱导裂果的方法,研究了不同耐裂性果实在外观性状、可溶性固形物和矿物质元素含量等方面的差异,通过相关分析明确了主要影响裂果的性状,以期为进一步研究枸杞裂果机理和防控措施提供参考依据。结果表明:在浸水处理下,枸杞累计裂果率呈对数函数曲线递增,浸水前180 min裂果率快速上升,达到57.67%,浸水至610 min时累计裂果率达到70.67%。随果实浸水开裂时间的延长,果实横径呈下降趋势,纵径和果形指数呈不规律变化特征;果实表面颜色L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)值均呈增加趋势;单果干质量呈下降趋势。裂果可溶性固形物含量高于CK(浸水610 min后无开裂的果实);矿物质元素K、Ca、Mg、P含量随浸水开裂时间的延长呈上升趋势,其他元素无明显规律。将果实在各浸水时段的裂果率与性状因子进行相关分析,可知主要影响裂果的外观因子有果实大小、质量和表面颜色。结合已有研究可知枸杞的成熟与裂果相关的多个理化性状相关,还需深入探索影响枸杞裂果的关键因素,为揭示裂果机理和提高有效防控能力提供参考。