Drought stress,mercuric chloride,andβ-mercaptoethanol effects on hydraulic characteristics of three cultivars of wolfberry(Lycium chinense)

In order to further understand the effects of drought stress on hydraulic characteristics and the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and aquaporins or water channels of root systems of three wolfberry cultivars(Lycium chinense Mill.),hydraulic conductivity of 2-yearold pot-grown seedlings was measured under drought stress,rewatering,and treatment with exogenous mercuric chloride andβ-mercaptoethanol.Under moderate and severe drought stress levels,the most significant decrease of hydraulic conductivity was 37.3%and 24.0%,respectively,in the‘Ningqi 5’cultivar compared with the nonstressed control.After rewatering,the rate of recovery in specific conductivity was most rapid in the‘Mengqi 1’cultivar,at 0.058 and 0.072 kg MPa^-1 m^-2 s^-1 h^-1 under moderate and severe drought stress levels,respectively.The‘Mengqi 1’cultivar had the highest recovery degree of hydraulic conductivity under two concentrations ofβ-ME(500 or 1000 lmol L^-1),reaching 82.4%and 88.5%,respectively,of the initial conductivity.The adaptive capacity of hydraulic conductivity in the‘Ningqi 5’cultivar was weaker than in the‘Ningqi 1’and‘Mengqi 1’cultivars under drought stress.The recovery capacity of hydraulic conductivity in‘Mengqi 1’cultivar was stronger than the‘Ningqi 1’and‘Ningqi 5’cultivars after rewatering.Aquaporins of the‘Ningqi 1’cultivar root systems had the highest binding affinity with mercuric chloride,which was the most likely cause in the decrease in hydraulic conductivity,whereas aquaporins of‘Mengqi 1’root systems had the weakest binding affinity.The inhibitory effect of mercuric chloride was readily eliminated byβ-mercaptoethanol in the‘Mengqi 1’cultivar.The hydraulic characteristics of this cultivar were more sensitive to drought,mercuric chloride andβ-mercaptoethanol than the other cultivars.

A new sesterterpenoid from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var.glabriusculum Schneid

A new sesterterpenoid phellogine was isolated from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

红花檵木Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum植物功能性状对光照强度的响应

通过研究不同光照条件下红花檵木功能性状的变化规律以及各功能性状间的相关关系,分析红花檵木植物功能性状对不同光照条件的响应及其对光照条件的适应性,以期为红花檵木在园林绿化工程中的科学配置提供理论依据。结果表明光照与红花檵木叶面积、比叶面积和茎比密度呈负相关,与叶干物质含量、叶片厚度、当年生枝条长度、枝干物质含量呈正相关,不同光照条件条件下比叶面积、叶厚度、叶干物质含量、当年生枝长等指标差异显著。光照条件对红花檵木各功能性状间的相关关系有影响,从全日照到半阴的光照条件,红花檵木功能性状间的相关关系增强。在半阴的光照条件下,具有大叶片的植株,叶片较薄,当年生枝条较长,干物质含量较低。

Cloning and Characterization of a Lycium chinense Carotenoid Isomerase Gene Enhancing Carotenoid Accumulation in Transgenic Tobacco

Carotenoid isomerase （CRTISO）is a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cis-lycopene to all- trans tycopene. In this study, we isolated and characterized the CRTISO gene from Lycium chinense （LcCRTISO） for the first time. The open reading flame of LcCRTISO was 1 815 bp encoding a protein of 604 amino acids with a molecular mass of 66.24 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the LcCRTISO had a high level of simi- larity to other CRTISO. Phylogenetic analysis displayed that LcCRTISO kept a closer relationship with the CRTISO of plants than with those of other species. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis indicated that LcCRTISO gene was expressed in all tissues tested with the highest expression in maturing fruits. The overexpression of LcCRTISO gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in an increase of total carotenoids in the leaves with [3-carotene and lutein being the predominants. The results obtained here clearly suggested that the LcCRTISO gene was a promising candidate for carotenoid production.

Study on the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sea Cucumber (Paracaudina chinens var.) Gelatin Hydrolysate

Gelatin from the sea cucumber(Paracaudina chinens var.) was hydrolyzed by bromelain and the hydrolysate was found to have a high free radical scavenging activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated through an ultrafiltration membrane with 5 kDa molecular weight cutoff(MWCO). The portion(less than 5 kDa) was further separated by Sephadex G-25. The active peak was col-lected and assayed for free radical scavenging activity. The scavenging rates for superoxide anion radicals(O2·-) and hydroxyl radi-cals(·OH) of the fraction with the highest activity were 29.02% and 75.41%,respectively. A rabbit liver mitochondrial free radical damage model was adopted to study the free radical scavenging activity of the fraction. The results showed that the sea cucumber gelatin hydrolysate can prevent the damage of rabbit liver and mitochondria.

北方枸杞化学成分及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的:研究北方枸杞Lycium chinense var.potaninii果实的化学成分及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。方法:运用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS反相硅胶以及制备高效液相等技术对北方枸杞干燥果实的95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构,并对化合物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选。结果:从北方枸杞果实的乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为:N-顺式阿魏酰基酪胺(1)、methyl-2-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(2)、菜豆酸(3)、2E,4Z-脱落酸(4)、催吐萝芙木醇(5)、(E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid(6)、阿魏酸甲酯(7)、阿魏酸(8)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯丙酸(9)、东莨菪内酯(10)、5-羟基麦芽酚(11)、对羟基苯乙酮(12)、反式对羟基肉桂酸(13)、香草乙酮(14)、香草醛(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)。结论:其中,化合物3~5为首次从枸杞属植物中分离得到,化合物1、2、6~16为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著的抑制作用,其IC50为(24.25±1.12)μmol/L。

不同盐胁迫条件下枸杞种子的耐锂特性研究

以3个枸杞品种(宁杞1号、宁杞5号、宁杞7号)为试材,研究不同浓度NaCl溶液对枸杞种子萌发的影响,以及盐胁迫下不同浓度LiCl溶液处理对3个品种枸杞发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、芽长和活力指数的影响。结果表明,随着盐浓度的不断升高,对宁杞1号的根长和芽长均起抑制作用;对宁杞5号的根长和芽长则是先促进后抑制;而对宁杞7号的根长表现出抑制作用,对芽长表现出先促进后抑制。低锂浓度对宁杞1号、宁杞5号和宁杞7号的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、芽长和活力指数起促进作用,其中宁杞1号较宁杞5号和宁杞7号具有更强的耐锂性。

Nine compounds from the root bark of Lycium chinense and their anti-inflammatory activities

Two new compounds, named lyciumlignan D(1) and lyciumphenyl propanoid A(2), along with seven known compounds, were isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data(UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, CD), as well as by comparison with those of the literature. Compounds 3–9 were isolated from this genus for the first time. In the in vitro assay, compounds 3, 6, and 7 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the positive control curcumin at a concentration of 10 μmol/L.

改进QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法测定新疆枸杞中31种农药残留

目的:建立QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法测定新疆枸杞中31种农药残留的方法。方法:样品经改进后的QuEChERS法净化后,经正负离子分段扫描和多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果:在0.001~0.200 mg·L^(-1),31种目标化合物的线性相关系数均>0.996。回收率为70.2%~111.4%,相对标准偏差≤11.3%,检出限为0.01~7.97μg·kg^(-1)。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确,具有较强的适用性,可用于含糖量高的枸杞试样中多种农药残留的快速筛查与确证。

宁夏枸杞产业质量标准发展的现状、问题及对策

通过对比分析现行标准数量、结构布局、标准时效性、适应性、产品标准等阐述枸杞标准现状,分析宁夏枸杞产业在标准化及品牌化方面存在的不足,针对存在问题提出促进宁夏枸杞产业标准发展的5条建议,以期为我国枸杞产业总体质量标准水平提升提供参考。

《诗经》“杞”释说——兼辨《名医别录》之“榉”

《诗经》与植物“杞”相关的载记共有7处,同名异物的存在使得其整体类分与具体所指具有复杂性,诸家对此亦颇具分歧。综合观之,《诗经》之“杞”可分为3类:第一类是《四牡》《湛露》《四月》之“杞”,其为枸杞(Lycium chinense Miller);第二类是《将仲子》之“杞”,其指旱柳(Salix matsudana Koidz.);第三类是《南山有台》《杕杜》《北山》之“杞”,其是枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)。《名医别录》之“榉”即为枫杨,《中国植物志》误将之释作榉树[Zelkova serrata(Thunb.)Makino]。

红檵木叶色变化的生理生化研究

In order to understand the physiological and biochemical reasons of leafcolor transformation in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum,three types of L. chinense var. rubrum, Zihei (black purple), Zihong(red purple)and Hongzhe(red_ochre), and L. chinense were taken as materials. The contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar, and activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PLA) in the leaves were measured from early March to June. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar increased gradually during the leafcolor changing from red to green, but there were obviously differences among types of Zihei, Zihong and Hongzhe. Anthocyanins contents in Zihe and Zihong leaves maintained high level, so their leaves still kept red when they got mature in early June. Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PLA) activity decreased, and had positive relationship with anthocyanin contents. Some measures such as shading or watering to lower air temperature could be taken to maintain leaves of L. chinense var. rubrum fresh red during summer.

红花檵木品种分类系统

在建立红花木品种资源收集圃的基础上,开展了品种选育历史和遗传稳定性研究;采用二元分类方法,根据品种演化关系和叶形、叶色、毛被、花期、花色、分枝疏密及嫩枝韧皮部、木质部、须根颜色等易于识别的分类特征,编制了品种分类系统检索表,将红花木划分为3大类15个类型41个品种。

基于HPLC指纹图谱及聚类分析对不同产地枸杞质量评价研究

基于指纹图谱与系统聚类分析方法对不同产地枸杞进行质量评价。利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立8个不同产地枸杞的指纹图谱,使用相似度评价软件及SPSS19.0软件进行数据处理,对不同产地的枸杞样品进行分析。结果表明,不同产地枸杞的黄酮类物质指纹图谱具有专属性,其中中宁、青海、新疆3个产地的枸杞指纹图谱相似度较高,分别为1、0.963、0.956,聚类分析也将该三个产地的枸杞聚在一起。青海、新疆产枸杞与中宁枸杞质量相似,可以作为枸杞药材新来源。HPLC指纹图谱结合聚类分析法能够对枸杞的产地识别及质量评价提供参考。

宁夏枸杞的道地性研究

宁夏是宁夏枸杞唯一的道地性产地。本文从地学的角度 ,通过数理统计的方法 ,对宁夏枸杞内在品质、影响宁夏枸杞的地球化学元素、影响宁夏枸杞品质的土壤地质背景条件等 3个方面综合论述了其道地性的原因 。

响应面法优化枸杞叶粗多糖提取纯化工艺及其降血糖活性

采用响应面法对枸杞叶粗多糖提取中的料液比、提取温度和提取时间进行优化,确定各因素最佳的水平组合。结果显示,在料液比1:47.2,提取温度72.9℃、提取时间2.2h条件下,枸杞叶粗多糖提取物中多糖的含量最高,为(7.24±0.41)%。采用D101大孔树脂和DEAE-52阴离子交换柱对枸杞叶粗多糖进行纯化,纯化后的精多糖中多糖含量为92.5%。用α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-NPG)法对枸杞叶精多糖的α-糖苷酶抑制活性进行了测定,1mg/mL枸杞叶精多糖对5U/mL的糖苷酶抑制率达到93.7%,而阳性对照药阿卡波糖抑制率仅为21.7%。

人参、黄芪、枸杞子对老年大鼠心肌β受体的影响

用放射配基结合分析法测定心肌β受体，观察老年大鼠心肌β受体的变化及中药人参、黄芪、枸杞子的影响。结果表明，心肌β受体最大结合容量（Bmax）在3、8、15月龄组间无显著差异，26月龄组显著降低。人参、黄芪、枸杞子对15月龄大鼠心肌β受体Bmax无明显影响，人参和枸杞子可显著提高26月龄大鼠心肌β受体Bmax，黄芪虽可使26月龄大鼠心肌β受体Bmax有所升高，但无显著性差异。表明衰老大鼠心肌β受体密度降低，中药可使之显著升高。提示对心肌β受体数目的调节是这些中药发挥抗衰老作用的分子基础之一。

地骨皮化学成分的研究

从山西产地骨皮（枸杞Ｌｙｃｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ根皮）中分离鉴定了４个化合物，为β－谷甾醇、盐酸甜菜碱、莨菪亭和阿魏酸二十八酯。

红花檵木花叶芽变生物学特性

对红花檵木‘密枝玫红’及其3份花叶芽变材料,通过病毒学初步鉴定、叶片解剖、叶片色素含量和光合特性差异分析,研究其花叶现象和部分植物学特性。结果表明:1)‘密枝玫红’及其3份花叶芽变材料的组织浸提液接种的黄豆、黄瓜、辣椒、番茄及红花檵木均生长良好,无病毒浸染症状;透射电镜观察没有看到病毒颗粒;2)3份花叶芽变材料可以通过扦插繁殖保持芽变特性,在湖南地区可露地栽培,抗病虫能力强;3)叶片厚度、上表皮细胞厚度和下表皮细胞厚度在4份供试材料之间差异显著;4)叶片的类胡萝卜素和花色素苷含量在3份花叶芽变材料之间差异显著,且花叶芽变材料的净光合速率高于母株;5)3份花叶芽变材料不仅在叶色方面明显区别于母株,在花色方面也有不同,这些新类型的出现丰富了红花檵木现有种质资源的叶色、花色类型,特别是2号芽变材料的花朵出现明显的红色和乳白色的嵌合,有可能成为新的优良品种资源。

枸杞多糖提取条件优化及体外抗氧化活性研究

为了优化枸杞(Lycium chinense)中多糖的提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性,以宁夏枸杞为原料,以水提醇沉为提取方法来研究其提取工艺。通过单因素试验,考察不同料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提p H、提取次数、醇沉时间、醇沉时乙醇的加入量等诸多因素来优化枸杞多糖的提取率;通过抗脂质过氧化能力的测定以及对超氧阴离子自由基清除作用的测定对枸杞多糖的抗氧化能力进行研究。结果表明,在提取枸杞多糖时,料液比为1∶35(g∶m L),温度为90℃,p H为11,浸提3 h,提取2次,合并提取液,加3倍体积95%乙醇沉淀6 h时,提取效果最佳,提取率为18.56%。另外,在提取时,采用超声波辅助提取30 min,可提高多糖提取率。抗氧化结果显示,枸杞多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。