Lycium ruthenicum Murr. treatment attenuates APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mouse model-like mitochondrial dysfunction in Slc25a46 knockout mouse model

Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to be substantially associated with ageing and ageing-related diseases like Alzheimer's disease(AD). However, it is unclear whether different mouse models with mitochondrialrelated diseases have similar changes in mitochondrial morphology of the same tissues. Moreover, whether similarities in mitochondrial morphology can be a suitable marker for screening and/or discovering mitochondrial-protective substances remains unknown. Mitochondria morphology in different tissues of a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein Slc25a46 knockout mouse and a traditional APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse were examined using transmission electron microscope(TEM). Both young Slc25a46 knockout mice and aged APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mice models showed similar mitochondrial damage in cerebellum tissues. The results indicated that different mitochondrial-related diseases shared similar alteration and defects in mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, a bioactive food substance with cognition-improving property, could effectively improve muscle strength and increase body weight in the Slc25a46 knockout mice. These findings suggest that mitochondrial morphology defects in mice models, particularly in the mitochondrial compartment, represent a unified and effective marker for screening and validating natural product-derived functional substances with mitochondrial protective properties. It also holds potential application in mitochondrial-impaired senile neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD.

Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective]To study the seeds germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.under different concentrations of NaCl,as well as to find the optimal concentration of NaCl for the germination of L.ruthenicum.[Method]The seeds of L.ruthenicum were treated with different concentrations of NaCl,and the state of seed germination was measured.[Result]With the increasing of concentration of NaCl,the seed germination rate of L.ruthenicum showed an obvious increasing trend.when the concentration was of 0.3%-0.4 %,the germination rate was the highest,and when the concentration of NaCl was greater than 0.4,the germination rate showed a decline trend.[Conclusion]After treated with appropriate concentrations of NaCl before sowing,the germination rate of seeds of L.ruthenicum would increase.

Karyotype Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one was 1.31; the proportions of chromosomes with arm ratio higher than 2 was 0.08; the asymmetry index was 57.02; the karyotype type was 2A; and the karyotype formula was 2n=-24=20m＋4sm.

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of different factors on primary culture,subculture and rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets were investigated.[Result] The most appropriate medium for primary culture of L.ruthenicum was MS ＋ ZT 0.2 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which axillary buds grew well and were rarely vitrified with the germination rate of 88.73%.In addition,ZT exerted significantly better effects on subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets than 6-BA.The most appropriate medium for subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ ZT 0.15 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew rapidly and robustly without vitrification,and the proliferation multiple reached 5.83 times.The most appropriate medium for rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ IBA 1.0 mg/L,in which the rooting rate reached 100%.The most appropriate substrate for transplanting and hardening of L.ruthenicum plantlets was humus soil：perlite = 1：1,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew well with the survival rate of 92.37%.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for largescale production and popularization of L.ruthenicum.

Quality Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives]The quality of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing areas was studied.[Methods]The content of proanthocyanidins(UV spectrophotometry),water-soluble vitamins(VB 2,VB 6,VB 12,Vc,niacinamide,and folic acid)),fat-soluble vitamins(VD,and VK 1)(high performance liquid chromatography),and trace elements Cu,Zn,and Fe(flame atomic absorption method)in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia,Nuomuhong of Qinghai and Korla of Xinjiang were measured.[Results]The content of proanthocyanidins,VB 2,nicotinamide and VB 12 in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was higher,and the content of Vc,VB 6,Cu,Zn,VD and VK 1 in L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong was higher,while the content of folic acid and Fe in L.ruthenicum from Korla was higher.The proanthocyanidin content of L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was the highest,so it is an ideal plant for extracting proanthocyanidins.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the research,development and utilization of L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong,Ejin Banner and Korla.

Technical Study on Extraction of Procyanidins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Using Sub-critical Fluid 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane( R134a)and Content Determination from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction rate of procyanidins as an indicator,the influence of pressure,temperature,and extraction time on extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. Ruthenicum Murr. was studied by single factor experimental methods and orthogonal array design. [Results]The order of factors affecting extraction rate of procyanidins was extraction temperature > extraction pressure > extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. ruthenicum Murr. was the highest with extraction pressure of 1. 2 MPa,extraction temperature of 50℃ and extraction time of 90 min. The content of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr. from different producing areas was determined by vanillin-HCl method under the optimal conditions. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of easy operation,good selectivity,low extraction temperature and high extraction efficiency,which is suitable for extraction of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr.

黑果枸杞香气成分和多酚类物质的组成研究

随着人类对健康和养生重视程度的不断提高,具有良好功效的药食同源植物黑果枸杞受到越来越多的关注,研究黑果枸杞中具有药理活性物质的化学成分,对其深加工和进一步开发利用具有重要的意义。该文对甘肃酒泉产的黑果枸杞鲜果的香气成分及多酚类物质的化学组成进行分析,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术定性定量分析黑果枸杞鲜果香气成分;采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆串联飞行时间质谱技术定性分析黑果枸杞鲜果中多酚类物质的组成。从黑果枸杞香气成分中鉴定出醇类、醛酮类、酯类、烃类等挥发性化学成分63种,占香气成分总量的95.4%,其中25种化合物为我国国家标准GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定的食品用合成香料;香气成分中醇类化合物共计26种,总含量占比最高(44.98%)。黑果枸杞多酚经提取和HPD-500大孔吸附树脂纯化后进行液相色谱-质谱联用测试,定性鉴别出73种多酚化合物,其主要由黄酮类和酚酸类等化合物组成。该研究初步确定了黑果枸杞香气和多酚类物质的化学成分,为黑果枸杞药用及食用功效的深入研究奠定了基础。

黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞的广泛靶向代谢组学分析

目的:全面分析和鉴定枸杞果实中的代谢物,比较不同品种间代谢物的差异,为深入挖掘和利用不同品种枸杞提供参考。方法:以黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞干果为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,鉴定和比较两种枸杞的代谢物。结果:两种枸杞果实中共检测出1098种代谢产物,包括氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸、黄酮、生物碱、脂质等12类,其中酚酸、黄酮和生物碱3类代谢产物占比最高。通过主成分分析和聚类分析发现,黄果枸杞与黑果枸杞相比,存在235种差异代谢物上调和252种差异代谢物下调。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析发现,不同品种枸杞间的差异代谢物主要涉及黄酮生物合成,托烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱的生物合成,次生代谢物的生物合成,ABC转运等途径。结论:不同品种对枸杞代谢物的含量影响较大,本研究结果对黑枸杞和黄枸杞的开发和利用提供一定的理论指导。

黑果枸杞多糖结构表征及对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤的影响

采用热水浸提法提取黑果枸杞多糖(Lycium ruthenicum Murr. polysaccharide,LRMP),解析其单糖组成、糖苷键连接方式、链构象等结构参数,并评价其对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞(gastric mucosal epithelial cells,GES-1)损伤的保护效果。结果表明,LRMP由阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、岩藻糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,结构末端主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖残基组成,在溶液中呈典型的无规卷曲构象,均方半径为(80.4±1.0)nm。LRMP对GES-1细胞无毒性作用,质量浓度600μg/mL LRMP可以显著抑制乙醇对GES-1细胞造成的损伤,同时恢复细胞内超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低GES-1细胞凋亡率。综上所述,LRMP作为功能性多糖在健康食品开发中具有潜力。

黑果枸杞不同发育时期果实花色苷合成的转录组分析

【目的】探究黑果枸杞果实发育过程中花色苷合成的分子机制,对深入理解黑果枸杞花色苷合成调控网络具有重要意义。【方法】选取青果期、转色初期、转色后期、成熟期和完全成熟期的黑果枸杞果实进行转录组测序,挖掘与黑果枸杞果实花色苷合成相关的候选基因。【结果】随黑果枸杞果实发育,花色苷含量逐渐升高,成熟期及完全成熟期果实中的花色苷含量显著高于青果期、转色初期及转色后期。5个发育时期共筛选出13540个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),以青果期为对照,随果实发育,各阶段DEGs数量逐渐增多。GO分析发现,DEGs共同富集的子集有苯丙烷代谢过程、多糖分解代谢过程、苯丙烷生物合成过程、类黄酮生物合成过程、细胞壁大分子代谢过程、膜锚定成分和营养库活性通路。KEGG分析表明,DEGs显著富集于类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成、植物激素信号转导、二苯乙烯类、二芳基庚烷类和姜辣素生物合成及角质和木栓质和蜡质的生物合成通路。分析DEGs表达量与花色苷含量相关性,筛选出参与黑果枸杞果实发育过程花色苷合成的候选基因36个,主要包括10个花色苷合成通路结构基因,4个转录因子,9个ABA、8个GA及5个JA信号转导通路基因。RT-qPCR验证其中10个基因的表达趋势,与转录组数据一致。【结论】黑果枸杞果实发育过程中,花色苷合成途径的结构基因、转录因子及ABA、GA和JA信号转导通路中基因的表达调控果实着色。

黑果枸杞复合压片及其抗氧化性

【目的】制备一种具有补充眼部营养、抗氧化的黑果枸杞复合压片。【方法】选用黑果枸杞、盐藻、螺旋藻为原料,以二氧化硅、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁为赋形剂,通过单因素正交试验,筛选出最佳配方,采用粉末直接压片法,制备具有保健功能、口味适合的黑果枸杞复合压片。测定主要功效成分花青素和类胡萝卜素以VC为参照进行抗氧化性测定。【结果】黑果枸杞复合压片配方为功能原料黑果枸杞占85%、螺旋藻5%、盐藻3%,辅料二氧化硅3.5%、微晶纤维素2.5%,硬脂酸镁1%;复合压片中活性成分花青素含量为8.890 mg/g、类胡萝卜素含量为0.150mg/g;抗氧化性结果显示:在浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,复合片的DPPH自由基清除率为75.35%,低于黑果枸杞和VC;ABTS自由基清除率为91.81%,高于VC,低于黑果枸杞。复合压片口感、硬度、外观和边缘整齐度复合保健品要求,具有良好的抗氧化性。【结论】复合压片为缓解视疲劳、抗氧化的新型食品开发提供了一定的参考。

黑枸杞花青素联合人脂肪源性血管外膜细胞支持脐血造血干/祖细胞的增殖

背景:黑枸杞花青素(Anthocyanins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr,ALRM)是黑枸杞中重要的活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、免疫调节等功效。人脂肪源性血管外膜细胞(CD146^(+)hAD-PCs)是骨髓间充质干细胞的前体细胞,在体外具有促进造血干/祖细胞增殖与分化的功能。ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血造血干/组细胞的体外支持作用有待于研究。目的:探讨ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的支持作用。方法:CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度ALRM(0,200,400,600,800,1000 mg/L)对CD146^(+)hAD-PCs增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测ALRM对CD146^(+)hAD-PCs细胞周期的影响。共培养实验分为空白组、ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组、ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组,分析ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞的体外支持作用。共培养1,2,4周,比较扩增后细胞数量、集落形成单位数量,流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型,ELISA检测细胞因子水平。结果与结论:(1)ALRM质量浓度为200 mg/L时,CD146^(+)hAD-PCs活力最高,CD146^(+)hAD-PCs的G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞比例下降,S期、G_(2)/M期细胞比例上升(P<0.01)。(2)脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞数量变化:在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组高于ALRM组(P均<0.05),在共培养2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P均<0.05),ALRM组与空白组随着共培养时间延长细胞数量逐渐减少。(3)集落形成能力及免疫表型分析:在共培养1,2周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的集落形成单位数量高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组和ALRM组(P均<0.05);在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组CD45^(+)、CD34^(+)CD33^(-)细胞比例高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P均<0.01)。(4)细胞因子变化:在共培养4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的白细胞介素2水平高于ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05);在共培养2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组白细胞介素3水平高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05);在共培养1周时ALRM+CD146^(+)h AD-PCs组的粒细胞集落刺激因子水平高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组,在共培养2周时高于ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.01);在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM组、ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的干扰素γ水平低于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05)。(5)由于空白组无基质细胞,脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞在共培养1周之后就无法计数,未进行免疫表型、集落分析和细胞因子检测。(6)结果表明:ALRM可以通过促进CD146^(+)hAD-PCs增殖和细胞周期转化进而促进脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞的体外扩增,在造血干细胞移植研究方面具有重要价值。

食品加工条件对黑枸杞花青素稳定性的影响

黑枸杞富含花青素,花青素具有多种生理活性,然而其稳定性较差。文章研究了不同食品加工条件对黑枸杞花青素稳定性的影响,包括温度、pH值、光照、食品添加剂和基质等。结果表明,在20℃、pH3、避光条件下的黑枸杞花青素相对稳定,保存率分别为(89.74±5.54)%、(69.56±1.44)%、(57.85±0.50)%。H_(2)O_(2)、Na_(2)SO_(3)、苯甲酸钠和3种糖(葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖)均会大幅降低花青素的热稳定性(65℃,30 min)。除抗坏血酸外,草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸增强花青素热稳定性的效果依次增大。在40℃加速贮存7 d后,草酸对花青素的稳定性仍然具有较好的效果。总之,黑枸杞花青素在食品加工过程中最好在低温、酸性和避光条件下贮存,而在选用食品基质和添加剂时也应该注意其对花青素稳定性的影响。该研究结果为黑枸杞花青素类食品的加工提供了理论依据。

黑果枸杞‐酿酒葡萄混合果酒酿造过程中花色苷稳定性研究

针对黑果枸杞加工过程中存在的花色苷不稳定的关键瓶颈问题,以黑果枸杞鲜果为原料,辅以酿酒葡萄共发酵酿制果酒。分析不同酿造因子对果酒多酚、花色苷及色泽的影响;明确影响酒体中花色苷含量及稳定性的主要因子,通过正交优化试验得到最佳酒精发酵工艺。结果表明:黑果枸杞与酿酒葡萄质量比以及pH值对果酒花色苷含量和色泽影响程度较大,但对多酚含量影响作用较小,而酵母菌类型对黑果枸杞果酒多酚、花色苷和色泽影响均较小;复配酿酒葡萄可减少花色苷损失,提高黑果枸杞果酒中花色苷的稳定性。最佳酒精发酵工艺条件为黑果枸杞与酿酒葡萄质量比1∶4、果胶酶添加量0.70g/L、酿酒酵母添加量0.25g/L,发酵后酰化花色苷[矮牵牛素-3-O-芸香糖(反式-p-香豆酰基)-5-O-葡萄糖苷]含量可达(459.51±3.66)mg/L。

黑果枸杞果实多糖的超声辅助双水相萃取工艺优化、单糖组成分析及胰脂肪酶抑制活性评价

目的:优化黑果枸杞果实多糖的制备工艺,分析单糖组成,并对其体外胰脂肪酶抑制活性进行评价。方法:采用超声辅助双水相萃取法,以多糖回收率和提取率的总评值为评价指标,在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面试验优化黑果枸杞果实多糖提取工艺;采用柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法研究其单糖组成;通过棕榈酸对硝基苯酯法测定黑果枸杞果实多糖的体外胰脂肪酶抑制活性。结果:黑果枸杞果实多糖的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇-硫酸铵体系,乙醇质量分数30.89%,硫酸铵质量分数17.00%,提取温度49.05℃,提取时间81.85 min,液料比29.80 g/g,预测总评值为0.9242,多糖提取率为104.76 mg/g,回收率为96.96%;黑果枸杞果实多糖由甘露糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成,相对摩尔比分别为4.92:0.29:4.80:0.40:9.69:44.79:17.04:18.06;黑果枸杞果实多糖抑制胰脂肪酶活力的IC_(50)值为1.51 mg/mL。结论:响应面试验优化得到的黑果枸杞果实多糖制备工艺稳定,单糖组成检测方法准确可靠,制备所得多糖具有良好的体外胰脂肪酶抑制活性,为黑果枸杞果实多糖的进一步开发利用提供了依据。

黑果枸杞MSAP技术体系的构建

为利用甲基化敏感多态性扩增技术(MSAP)构建黑果枸杞MSAP技术反应体系,本试验采用CTAB法提取黑果枸杞DNA,通过双酶切、预扩增和选择性扩增对16对引物的多态性进行初步筛选并构建MSAP技术体系。结果表明:双酶切进行12 h,DNA模板能够酶切完全;预扩增反应产物条带集中在250~1000 bp处,选择性扩增可筛选出6对引物组合,条带明显。本研究为后续黑果枸杞DNA甲基化水平的相关分析研究奠定了基础。

黑果枸杞果实中主要成分的傅里叶变换近红外光谱预测模型构建

使用傅里叶变换近红外光谱(FT-NIR)结合化学计量学方法,开发了一种黑果枸杞干果和鲜果中主要成分(总糖、还原糖、总酸、氨态氮、花青素、原花青素、总酚、黄酮和多糖)含量的预测方法。首先比较了11种原始光谱的预处理方式,筛选出每种成分的最优预处理方法。然后比较了利用偏最小二乘(PLS)、区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)和联合区间偏最小二乘(siPLS)算法建立的模型,最终确定采用siPLS建模。结果表明:总酸、氨态氮、花青素、原花青素、总酚和黄酮的交叉验证相关系数(Rc)和预测集相关系数(R_(P))均大于0.9818,相对分析误差(RPD)均大于2.5,模型效果优异,总糖、还原糖和多糖的建模效果良好,建立的定标模型均可以用于实际检测。验证集样本实测值与预测值无显著性差异,预测误差在±0.1%,模型的预测结果可信度高。本研究建立的预测模型,可以实现黑果枸杞干果和鲜果中主要成分含量的无损、快速、准确检测。

黑果枸杞中原花青素的提取及其稳定性研究

以黑果枸杞中原花青素为研究对象,通过单因素实验分别考查乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对原花青素提取率的影响,同时通过响应面法优化提取实验,得到提取最优工艺。另外,分别考查了不同种类、不同浓度的糊精和氨基酸对原花青素稳定性的影响,结果表明,其对原花青素具有一定的稳定性作用。

黑果枸杞乳酸菌发酵饮料生产工艺研究

采用干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)制备黑果枸杞发酵饮料,以减少加工过程中花青素和原花青素损失为主要目标,首先确定了酶解条件:果胶酶和纤维素酶各添加1 g/L,37℃酶解3.5 h;优化了扩培培养基:脱脂乳粉30 g/L,葡萄糖70 g/L,枸杞汁80 g/L;得到了最优的发酵条件:料水比1∶30(g∶mL),接种量3%(体积分数),发酵温度37℃,发酵时间15 h,发酵结束时总酸含量约3.5 g/L。结果显示,乳酸菌发酵显著提高了花青素的含量和保留率,但是杀菌会造成花青素和原花青素的大量损失。通过优化杀菌参数和控制环境因子开发了有利于花青素和原花青素保护的杀菌工艺:料液避光并控制氧气含量小于0.5 mg/L,于85℃加热25 min,此工艺使花青素保留率提高了7.1%,原花青素保留率提高了6.0%,功能成分在加工过程中得到了有效保护,制备的发酵饮料具有黑果枸杞的风味及柔和的微酸口感。该研究可为黑果枸杞深加工产品开发提供一定的理论参考。

黑果枸杞花青素提取物的初步毒性评价

该文评价了黑果枸杞花青素提取物(Anthocyanins extract of Lycium ruthenicum,AEL)的急性毒性和亚急性毒性。采用固定剂量法一次灌胃AEL 8000 mg/kg进行经口急性毒性试验,观察小鼠毒性反应,记录14 d内一般状态。选取SD大鼠进行30 d喂养试验,记录大鼠体质量和体征变化,实验结束时进行尿液生化指标、血液学指标、血清生化指标检查,并观察脏器形态变化,计算脏体系数和脏脑系数。研究发现:急性毒性试验中,小鼠无不良反应,体质量正常增长,解剖脏器未见明显异常;连续灌胃30 d后,各组大鼠体质量正常增长,未见明显中毒反应;与对照组比较,高剂量组雌性大鼠单核细胞百分比(M%)显著升高(P<0.05),AST/ALT的比值显著降低(P<0.05);高剂量组雄性大鼠血清Cl-、脾脏系数高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠其余尿液生化指标、血液学指标、血清生化指标、脏体系数和脏脑系数无明显异常。结果表明:小鼠对AEL的单次灌胃最大耐受剂量不低于8000 mg/kg;连续灌胃30 d,大鼠未见明显中毒反应,AEL在该实验条件下无急性、亚急性毒性,具有较高的安全性。