外源NO与蔗糖对盐胁迫下番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)幼苗氧化损伤的保护效应

选取长至6～8片真叶的健康番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill）幼苗,分别进行蔗糖、硝普钠（sodium nitropresside,SNP,作为外源NO供体）及其体积比例组合（1∶1）处理;36h后施以NaCl胁迫,并分别于0h（胁迫前）、24h、48h和72h取样,进行相关生理生化指标测定。具体5个实验处理如下：A.蒸馏水（CK）;B.100 mmol/L NaCl;C.0.1 mmol/L SNP＋100 mmol/L NaCl;D.0.1 mmol/L SNP＋1.0mmol/L蔗糖＋100 mmol/L NaCl;E.1.0 mmol/L蔗糖＋100 mmol/L NaCl。结果表明：与SNP和蔗糖单独处理相比,二者组合处理对缓解盐胁迫下番茄幼苗的氧化损伤存在正协同效应,主要表现在进一步增强了番茄幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性;提高了脯氨酸（Pro）的含量,同时膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P〈0.05）。采用聚丙烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳对盐胁迫24 h和48 h材料的POD同功酶检测表明,当NaCl单独处理时,番茄幼苗叶片POD同功酶第V条带缺失,其它谱带酶量减少,抑制了POD同功酶的表达;SNP和蔗糖单独处理能够保护盐胁迫（24、48h）所导致的POD同功酶条带的完整;而组合处理既保证了POD同功酶条带的完整,又加强了酶量的表达。随着盐胁迫时间的延长,其氧化损伤程度愈烈,SNP和蔗糖组合处理能够更有效地缓解盐胁迫对番茄幼苗植株造成的氧化损伤。

Study on the Pollen Thermo-Sensitive and Stigma Exsertion Male Sterile Line Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Da107

To accelerate the breeding process, male sterile line is used to leave out the troublesome procedures of the artificial emasculation in tomato breeding. However, the fertility of the pollen thermo-sensitivity male sterile line (PTMSL) and the stigma exsertion male sterile line (SEMSL) are affected easily by the environments when used alone. The trial materials were Da107 and the control was First. This study was conducted to create a new male sterile line of tomato characterized by pollen thermo-sensitivity and long style by genic recombination through the hybridizing of the PTMSL and SEMSL. Research on the statistics of the pollen germination rate, the contamination rate in F1 and the flower organics indicated that Da107 was an ideal TS and SE male sterile line with the sterility of 95%, as well as it also could be used as fertile line at low temperature. Meanwhile, the results showed that hybrid-seed contamination risk with selfed seeds from residual fertility in Da107 was low.

Yield and Pest Performance of High-Temperature Tolerant Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Lines for Year-Round Tomato Production in Bangladesh

The study was conducted at Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during summer season of 2021 to see the performances of yield and yield-related components of twelve heat tolerant tomato hybrids. Significant variation was expressed for days to first harvest (101.0 - 108.0 days), while maximum number of fruits per plant was calculated in F1 2101 and F1 2201 (9.5), followed by F1 203, F1 2001, F1 2303, F1 2401 (9.0). The highest single fruit weight was estimated in F1 2501 (195.5 g), followed by F1 2101 (119.0 g), F1 2201 (113.8 g), while the range was 33.1 - 195.5 g. The range of fruit yield was 7.9 - 38.7 t/ha, while higher-yielding hybrids were viz., F1 203 (27.7 t/ha), F1 2101 (35.5 t/ha), F1 2201 (33.9 t/ha) and F1 2501 (28.7 t/ha). Maximum TSS was produced by F1 2501 (5.9%), followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 (5.1%), F1 1101, F1 1903 (5.0%), with a range of 4.0% - 5.9%, while TYLCV infection and leaf sucking pest infestation varied from 0.0% - 10.0% and 3.3% - 16.7%, respectively. Thus, based on the performances of different yield and yield contributing traits, the hybrids, viz., F1 2101, F1 2201, F1 2501 may be selected to develop heat tolerant tomato hybrid varieties for the farmers of sub-tropical regions.

控释肥联合养分增效剂显著提高番茄产量与品质

采用田间试验,以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)品种瑞菲为试验材料,通过控释肥联合养分增效剂探究其对番茄生长、产量与品质的影响。结果表明,控释肥联合养分增效剂能显著增加植株茎粗(P<0.05);与常规施肥相比,控释肥和控释肥联合养分增效剂可显著改善番茄品质,番茄果实可溶性固形物含量有增加的趋势,可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量显著提高(P<0.05),番茄果实色泽度和硬度均有所改善;与常规施肥相比,控释肥和控释肥联合养分增效剂能有效提高番茄产量与经济效益,产量分别增加12.7%和29.2%,净利润分别增加3.65万元/hm^(2)和7.72万元/hm^(2)。综上,控释肥联合养分增效剂可实现番茄增产增效,在实现轻简化生产中具有重要的实践价值。

番茄属(Lycopersicon)基因组DNA遗传多样性RAPD分析

文章对番茄属 9个种 4 3份材料进行了 RAPD分析 ,用 2 6条随机引物 (10碱基 )共检测到 199个位点 ,其中多态位点 14 6个 ,占总扩增位点的 73.36 %。 Shannon表型多样性指数、基因杂合度、遗传丰度和遗传离散度的研究结果表明 ,遗传多样性均有野生类群大于普通番茄类群的趋势 ,说明野生类群中存在着更丰富的遗传变异类型。

番茄属(Lycopersicon)花粉萌发培养基组分的优化

以番茄属４个种的花粉作试材，共用３组２２个培养基配方，在研究硼酸和蔗糖浓度对花 粉萌发和花粉管伸长影响的基础上，对番茄属花粉萌发培养基配方进行了优化。研究结果在明，番 茄属离体花粉萌发培养基的最佳组成是：蔗糖１３％、硼酸１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ^（－１）、琼脂１％。

枸杞枝条提取物对圣女果的贮藏保鲜效果研究

目的探究枸杞枝条提取液对圣女果采后的保鲜效果。方法以“中宁7号”枸杞枝条为材料,采用比色法、比浊法等方法,测定其提取液中活性成分含量及其抗氧化能力、抑菌活性和保鲜作用,分析枸杞枝条提取液对5℃和20℃贮藏的圣女果的保鲜效果。结果枸杞枝条提取液中富含黄酮、皂甙和多酚等活性成分,且具有良好的抗氧化能力和抑菌活性;枸杞枝条提取液对圣女果具有保鲜作用,能够显著降低圣女果质量损失率、抗坏血酸、总酸和可溶性固形物含量,较好地保持果实的色度和硬度,并有效提高超氧化物歧化酶活性,延缓果实腐烂变质;枸杞枝条提取液处理过的圣女果在5℃下可贮藏35 d,20℃下可贮藏21 d,与对照组(不做任何处理CK)相比,将圣女果贮藏期分别延长了14 d和6 d,同时保持了良好的营养品质。结论枸杞枝条提取液对圣女果果实具有保鲜作用,这为延长圣女果贮藏期以及开发天然保鲜剂奠定了理论基础,同时为枸杞枝条的深度开发和利用提供了新的思路和方向。

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)抗氧化酶活性和同工酶的影响(英文)

【目的】研究盐胁迫对番茄幼苗抗氧化酶活性和同工酶的影响。【方法】以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)F144种子为材料,种子萌发2d后用120mmol/L NaCl处理7d,测定幼苗谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX),过氧化氢酶(CAT),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性以及同工酶。【结果】在120mmol/L NaCl作用下,CAT和APX活性显著提高,GR和GPX活性提高不显著,而SOD活性无显著变化。SDS-PAGE分析发现,番茄幼苗叶中的GR有两条同工酶,分子量分别为50kDa和46kDa,GPX有3条同工酶,分子量分别为60、50和48kDa,CAT有两条主要的同工酶,APX有3条主要同工酶,SOD有3条同工酶;在120mmol/L NaCl作用下,GR中分子量为46kDa的同工酶消失,GPX中的48kDa和60kDa同工酶受到显著抑制,CATⅠ、CATⅡ和APXⅡ增强,而SOD的同工酶没有变化。【结论】CAT和APX是主要的盐胁迫抗氧化清除剂。

日光温室番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)群体冠层内光能截获特征及其光环境分析

通过试验设置完全封闭、行间开放、行内开放和完全开放4个不同的遮阴处理,把日光温室番茄冠层内复杂的光环境按方向逐渐分解,对光合有效辐射的采样数据进行统计分析,探究冠层内光能辐射传递在垂直方向和水平方向上的分布构成及空间分布的异质性,对冠层内光截获的主要影响因子进行相关性分析。统计分析表明,行间和行内的光线分量主要对200~800μmol·m-2·s-1冠层内光合有效辐射产生影响。通过比较冠层内的光合有效辐射数据的离散程度及变异特性得出,番茄植株整体的光合有效辐射均值存在很大程度的不均匀性,中下部变异系数CV〉0.50。对冠层内光截获的主要影响因子进行相关性分析得出,冠层内光合有效辐射与冠层高度呈极显著正相关（r=0.976）,与累积叶面积指数呈负相关（r=-0.952）,与光线方向及入射光线时间相关显著（r=0.910,r=0.952）。

番茄(Lycoqersicon esculentum Mill)小孢子发生及其雄配子体发育的细胞学观察

番茄小孢子的发生从孢原细胞开始,经过造孢细胞,小孢子母细胞、四分体、小孢子、雄配子体等发育阶段,最后形成二核花粉.番茄的绒毡层细胞是由初生壁细胞衍生的同型的双核细胞,正常情况下在减数分裂时期至四分体时期同步溶解.番茄的绒毡层为"变形绒毡层"类型,即溶解后的绒毡层要形成周原质团流入药室.番茄小孢子母细胞的减数分裂为同时型,在减数第一次分裂后不立即形成细胞壁,而是形成一个双核细胞;第二次分裂中,两个核同时进行分裂,其方向互为垂直,当分裂完成时,在四个核之间产生细胞壁,分隔成一个呈正四面体形的四分体.新形成的小孢子有浓厚细胞质和一个位于中央的细胞核.小孢子进一步发育形成明显的细胞壁,增大体积,细胞核被挤向一侧,在贴近细胞壁的位置上细胞核进行有丝分裂.分裂的结果形成两个子核:生殖核和营养核,两核之间最初由一弧形细胞板分隔成两个不等的细胞.番茄小孢子的发育基本是同步的,大多数小孢子都能发育成正常的成熟花粉.

Influence of Exogenously Applied Epibrassinolide and Putrescine on Protein Content, Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>under Salinity Stress

Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) are widely used to overcome abiotic stresses including salinity stress (NaCl) in plants. In the present investigation, we evaluated the co-application efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, a highly active BR) and putrescine (Put, a PA) on the NaCl stress (75 mM and 150 mM) tolerance of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. kuber geeta plants. A small rise in protein content was recorded under salinity stress in comparison with untreated control. The NaCl stress was found to significantly enhance the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD);while decline in catalase (CAT) activity was recorded when compared with the untreated control. Salinity stress both at 75 mM and 150 mM was able to cause significant membrane damage as evidenced by an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content over untreated control. The EBR and Put co-applications were able to improve protein content in NaCl stressed plants over only NaCl stressed plants. The co-applications of EBR and Put were able to significantly enhance the activities of CAT, SOD and GPOX in L. esculentum under salinity stress (75 mM and 150 mM) when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Major decline in the MDA level recorded for EBR and Put co-applications under NaCl stress revealed reduced membrane damages when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Our findings provide evidence that EBR and Put co-applications are effective in amelioration of NaCl stress in L. esculentum. Thus co-application potential of EBR and Put may acts an eco-friendly approach towards NaCl stress mitigation in economically important crops.

Microclimate modification using eco-friendly nets and floating row covers improves tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) yield and quality for small holder farmers in East Africa

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmental variations especially under open field conditions. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of agricultural nets (agronets) herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs) and floating row covers (FRCs) on microclimate modification, yield, and quality of tomato. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were grown under fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter) cover, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter) cover or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained either permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two open control treatments were used: unsprayed (untreated control) or sprayed with chemicals (treated control). The use of EFN or FRC modified the microclimate with higher temperatures, lower diurnal temperature ranges, and higher volumetric water content recorded compared with the controls. On the other hand, light quantity and photosynthetic active radiation were reduced by the use of EFN and FRC compared with the controls. The use of FRC and EFN resulted in more fruit and higher percent in marketable yield compared with open field production. Fruit quality at harvest was also significantly improved by the use of EFN and FRC. Fruits with higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and higher sugar acid ratio were obtained in EFN and FRC treatments compared with the controls. Fruits harvested from EFN and FRC were also firmer compared with control fruits. These findings demonstrate the potential of EFN and FRC in modifying microclimate conditions and improving yields and quality of tomato under tropical field conditions.

Induction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Lycopersicon Esculentum by Nd^(3+)

The effects of Nd^3＋ on the quality and quantity of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum were studied. The results demonstrate that Nd^3＋ can increase the total amount of VOC by 75% after treatment for 120 h, as compared with the control. Phyto-oxylipins, terpenoids and aromatic compounds were increased by 73%, 38% and 21%, respectively. （E）-2-hexenal, the most abundant constituent is increased by 74%, β- phellandrene and α-caryophyllene in terpenoids,

The Effect of Water Hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) Compost on Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) Growth Attributes, Yield Potential and Heavy Metal Levels

The potential of different water hyacinth compost application rates in influencing growth attributes, yield and heavy metal accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in tomato fruit was studied in Masvingo. Four treatments of water hyacinth compost rates of 0, 37, 55.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 were each replicated three times and applied in a randomized complete block design set up. Results showed that water hyacinth compost application rates significantly affected plant height, days to maturity and yield but had no influence on the number of tomato fruits per plant. The plant height at application rate of 74.1 t·ha-1 was 25%, 56% and 63% higher than the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. At application rates of 56.6 t·ha-1, plant heights were 11%, 13% and 12% higher than the control whilst marginal plant height differences of -4%, 6% and 4% were recorded between application rate of 34.7 t·ha-1 and the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. Tomato plants under compost rates of 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 in comparison to the control delayed maturity by 10, 17 and 20 days, respectively. Yields of 52, 55, 60 and 68 t·ha-1 were realized from hyacinth compost rates of 0, 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations increased with increase in the water hyacinth compost rate but at all application rates, the average concentrations were 85%, 93% and 86% lower than the Codex Alimentarious Commission permissible levels for Pb, Cu and Zn. Water hyacinth compost at a rate of 74 t·ha-1 therefore can be used for increased tomato yield without exposing consumers to heavy metal toxicity.

Antiproliferative Activity of “<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>” Leaves (Var. Paul Robenson): Preliminary Study

Among plants, the Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) is the most important for its beneficial effects on health. Several epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of tomato consumption in the cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention. Tomato products constitute the major source of lycopene, the most potent antioxidant among carotenoids in vitro. In tomatoes leaves are also present many secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, protease inhibitors and glycoalkaloids who protect against adverse effects of hosts including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects and are involved in host-plant resistance. In this work we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of tomato leaves extract (var. Paul Robenson) in vitro.

化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对圣女果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

研究化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对大田圣女果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响,探讨适宜的施用量,为实现圣女果“化肥减量增效”的绿色产业目标提供依据。设置不施用肥料(CK)、100%化肥处理(SI)、100%微生物菌肥(SM)、化肥减量50%+25%微生物菌肥(MC1)、化肥减量50%+50%微生物菌肥(MC2)和化肥减量50%+100%微生物菌肥(MC3)6个处理,分析土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性,测定圣女果品质相关的甜度和维生素C(Vc)、硝酸盐、还原糖、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量指标,并统计圣女果果实产量。结果表明:与SI处理相比,(1)MC1、MC2和MC3处理显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量,增幅分别为11.9%~23.7%、7.8%~22.5%、2.7%~27.4%和10.2%~51.8%。(2)MC2和MC3处理中细菌、放线菌、固氮菌和酵母菌数量分别增加了10.6%~18.0%、7.1%~11.8%、28.9%~41.3%和13.3%~18.7%,而真菌减少11.4%~28.1%。(3)MC1、MC2、MC3和SM处理增强了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,MC1、MC2和MC3处理的增幅分别为8.5%~28.7%、17.3%~80.7%、6.1%~45.1%和33.3%~110%;SM处理的增幅分别为16.1%、59.3%、30%和85.3%。(4)MC1、MC2和MC3处理可有效降低圣女果果实中的硝酸盐含量,降幅为18.2%~36.6%,而提高了Vc含量,增幅为16.5%~21.7%;SM处理圣女果果实中Vc、还原糖和粗蛋白质含量分别增加了16.9%、34.6%和23.5%,而硝酸盐积累量下降了59.72%。(5)MC1、MC2和MC3处理增收6900~17400元/hm2,其中MC2处理经济效益最高。总之,在圣女果生产中,化肥减量配施微生物菌肥改善了土壤肥力及圣女果品质,促进了圣女果增产增收,降低了生产成本;化肥减量配施微生物菌肥具有较好的经济和生态效益,化肥减量50%+50%微生物菌肥模式较好。

基于核心InDel标记樱桃番茄种质资源的遗传多样性分析与应用

在樱桃番茄育种进程中,遗传多样性丰富的材料有利于进一步培育重要目标性状的品种。利用从鲜食番茄和加工番茄重测序中挖掘和筛选出的48对核心In Del标记对110份樱桃番茄自交系和12个樱桃番茄商业种进行遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建。结果表明,122份樱桃番茄材料田间表型呈现明显的遗传多样性;48对核心In Del标记在参试樱桃番茄材料中也表现良好的多态性,122份材料的遗传距离为0~0.886 cM,平均遗传距离为0.473 cM;聚类分析结果将122份材料划分为3个主要类群,其中110份自交系分散在不同类群中,且在粉贝贝、粉贝妮所属类群中分布最多。对利用自交系配制的420个F_1组合进行综合评价,发现10个入选组合中6个表现产量较好组合的遗传距离接近或大于平均值,表现一定的杂种优势。利用48对核心InDel标记构建了10个组合的亲本和12个商业种的清晰指纹图谱,可将上述材料完全区分。

贵州省茄子和番茄害虫种类及发生规律调查

茄子和番茄是贵州省主要种植的蔬菜种类,虫害的发生严重影响了贵州省茄科蔬菜产业的发展。为明确贵州省茄子和番茄主要害虫种类及发生规律,于2019—2021年采用系统调查和田间普查方法对贵州代表性蔬菜种植区的主要茄子和番茄害虫种类和发生规律进行调查。结果表明:贵州茄子优势害虫为蚜虫、叶蝉、粉虱和叶甲,茄子害虫的危害高峰期主要集中在6月中旬至7月上旬;番茄优势害虫为蚜虫、蝽类和蓟马,番茄害虫的危害高峰期为7月中旬至8月初。研究结果明确了贵州省茄子和番茄害虫的种类和发生规律,可为后续贵州茄科蔬菜主要害虫预测预报及防治研究提供依据。

壳聚糖-花椒精油保鲜膜对圣女果常温贮藏效果影响

本文用1%壳聚糖溶液与不同添加量的涉县花椒精油制成可食用保鲜膜,研究壳聚糖-花椒精油保鲜膜对圣女果的保鲜效果影响。结果表明,壳聚糖与不同添加量的花椒精油制得的保鲜膜对圣女果保鲜效果表现不同,壳聚糖溶液与过多添加量的花椒精油制成的保鲜膜影响感官体验,保鲜效果较差。1%壳聚糖溶液与3 mL的花椒精油制成的保鲜膜能降低圣女果的腐烂率,有效减缓圣女果感官特性与硬度指标下降,保鲜性能最优。

温室番茄叶面积与干物质生产的模拟

根据光温对作物叶面积的影响,提出了辐热积(product of the rma leffectiveness and PAR,TEP)的概念。根据试验资料构建了利用辐热积模拟番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)叶面积动态的数学模型,并将其与已有的光合作用和干物质生产模拟模型相结合,构建了温室番茄干物质生产动态模型。利用不同品种、基质和地点的试验资料对模型进行了检验。结果表明,与传统的比叶面积法和有效积温法相比,辐热积法显著提高了温室番茄叶面积的预测精度,提高了光合作用和干物质生产的模拟精度。辐热积法对番茄叶面积的预测结果与1:1直线之间的决定系数R2和统计回归标准误差RMSE分别为0.9743和0.0515m2·株-1,对植株总干物质量的预测结果与1:1直线之间的R2和RMSE分别为0.9360和522.7104kg·ha-1;采用辐热积法对植株总干物质量的预测精度比有效积温法和比叶面积法分别提高56%和72%。