A giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum:a case report

The authors present a case report of a giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum.A 37-year-old man presented with a mass with the size of 50 cm×40 cm×30 cm in the perineum.Computed tomography(CT)scan and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the pelvis and perineum found a huge multilocular cystic mass.X-ray film of the pelvis showed a giant soft-tissue shadow of high density in the perineum.Voiding cystourethrogram did not show any cyst interlinked to posterior urethra.After related examinations,the patient underwent open surgical resection of the cyst.Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of a Müllerian duct cyst.Huge Müllerian duct cyst is uncommon in clinic.Treatments of Müllerian duct cysts depend on their sizes and symptoms.

First Trimester Uterine Rupture: A Case Report on a Patient with Unsuspected Müllerian Duct Anomaly

Introduction: Mullerian malformations are a group of malformations that result from an alteration of embryonic development. Most cases are asymptomatic, however, in pregnant patients it has been associated with recurrent abortion or premature delivery. Case presentation: 12 + 2 weeks pregnant woman consulted for abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. During the study, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed, where two endometric cavities and a pregnancy in the right horn were observed. The evolution of the patient was torpid, reaching hypovolemic shock, resolved by an emergency laparotomy where the rupture of the right horn was found. Discussion: The bicornuate uterus is the consequence of a partial fusion of the paramesonephric ducts during the fetal development, resulting in two functional uterine horns. Patients with bicornuate uterus may be asymptomatic, a uterine rupture is a rare but potentially severe complication of the bicornuate uterus and is usually presented during first and second trimester. Conclusions: Pregnancy with Mullerian anomalies often has preterm delivery, IUGR and malpresentation, and even more severe complication as uterine ruptura, so, requires proper counselling and close monitoring during antenatal period.

MRI诊断苗勒氏管囊肿

目的探讨MRI对苗勒氏管囊肿诊断的价值. 方法回顾性分析8例苗勒氏管囊肿患者的临床症状、磁共振表现. 结果所有病例均表现为前列腺中线部位,精阜水平上方,类圆形长T1,长T2信号,在各个扫描序列上其信号与尿液呈等信号,直径为1.5～3.0 cm. 结论根据囊性病变的临床表现,MRI征象和部位特点可以对苗勒氏管囊肿做出明确诊断.

Unilateral Singleton Pregnancy with Rural Vaginal Delivery in a Woman with Uterus Didelphys

Background: Uterus didelphys is a Müllerian duct anomaly which is clinically significant because only 45% of UD patients achieve term delivery and have associated increased risk of spontaneous abortion, foetal growth retardation, mal presentation, and a significant caesarean section delivery rate. Case: A 26-year-old Gravida 2 Para 1 Abortion 1 woman with uterus didelphys and associated complete, non-communicating, longitudinal vaginal septum carries a pregnancy to term in her right uterus in rural Canada. She delivers her baby at 41 weeks gestational age via vacuum assisted spontaneous vaginal delivery. Conclusion: This case report supports more recent literature that uterus didelphys should not be considered as an absolute indication for caesarean delivery. A trial of labour is conceivable with obstetrician gynaecologist involvement in more rural centers with a care plan in place.

后纵隔苗勒管囊肿22例临床病理分析

目的 探讨后纵隔苗勒管囊肿的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 收集890例纵隔囊肿患者的临床及影像学资料,经组织学和免疫组化法筛选出22例苗勒管囊肿,分析其临床影像学及病理学特征,并复习相关文献。结果 苗勒管囊肿占纵隔囊肿的2.5%(22/890),占后纵隔囊肿的42.3%(22/52),患者均为女性,平均年龄46岁(年龄范围:33~55岁);均发生于后纵隔T1~7椎旁水平,CT诊断为良性神经源性肿瘤12例(54.5%)。临床信息完整者16例,体重正常者9例(56.3%),超重或肥胖者7例(43.8%),93.8%(15/16)的患者具有卵巢囊肿、激素替代治疗或流产等妇科疾病史。病理检查示后纵隔苗勒管囊肿均为单房囊性肿物,囊肿内衬纤毛柱状细胞及分泌细胞,上皮细胞局部形成黏膜皱褶和乳头结构,类似输卵管上皮;囊壁由薄层不连续的平滑肌组织及纤维结缔组织构成。免疫表型:上皮细胞ER、PR、CK7、WT-1及PAX-8均阳性,TTF-1、Calretinin、CK5/6和p40均阴性;囊壁内薄层平滑肌组织SMA阳性,CD10阴性。结论 纵隔苗勒管囊肿常发生于后纵隔椎体旁,是中年女性纵隔囊肿的少见病理类型,由类似输卵管上皮及薄层平滑肌组织组成的良性囊肿,上皮细胞ER、PR、WT-1和PAX-8均阳性有助于诊断;后纵隔囊肿应将苗勒管囊肿纳入鉴别诊断。

苗勒管囊肿并乳头状囊腺癌1例报告附文献复习

目的:探讨苗勒管囊肿及其恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗。方法:回顾分析1例苗勒管囊肿并乳头状囊腺癌患者的临床与病理资料,结合文献复习讨论其病理、临床表现、影像学特点及治疗。患者男性,44岁。主要临床表现为间歇性血精伴终末血尿及不育15年,经直肠B超、盆腔CT、MRI、膀胱镜及活检病理检查确诊为苗勒管囊肿并恶性变。结果:患者经耻骨上膀胱后入路行肿块切除术。术中囊性肿物颈部呈楔形穿过近膀胱颈的前列腺止于后尿道区,而不影响邻近的前列腺组织,证实其来自苗勒系统。术后病理检查为乳头状囊腺癌Ⅱ级,侵及囊壁全层,双侧精囊及射精管未见癌组织浸润。术后未予辅助治疗,随访6个月患者症状消失,排尿通畅。经直肠超声及CT检查无肿瘤复发。结论:苗勒管囊肿合并恶性肿瘤,经直肠B超、盆腔CT、MRI及膀胱镜检查有助于诊断,确诊需病理组织学检查。外科手术治疗效果良好。

经尿道电切联合精囊镜射精管扩张术治疗苗勒管囊肿

目的:探讨经尿道囊肿电切术联合精囊镜下射精管扩张术治疗苗勒管囊肿的可行性和疗效。方法:2009—2012年收治12例因苗勒管囊肿而梗阻引起的无精子症患者,患者均经精液分析(包括精液的量、p H值、果糖的测定)、直肠指检、直肠超声检查,盆腔磁共振成像、睾丸穿刺活检诊断的,采用经尿道电切联合经尿道精囊镜下射精管扩张术对患者进行治疗。术后随访12个月。结果:所有患者完成手术,患者精液量均增多,精液中出现精子,1年内精液分析连续3次正常。患者术后精液量和精浆果糖明显高于术前(均P<0.05)。3例患者配偶术后9~12个月怀孕。4例患者术后1年复查精囊腺明显缩小。结论:经尿道电切联合精囊镜下射精管扩张术可成为临床治疗伴有射精管梗阻症状的前列腺苗勒管囊肿的有效方法。

经直肠超声引导下苗勒氏管囊肿和精囊囊肿抽液治疗

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下对苗勒氏管囊肿和精囊囊肿抽液后使用无水乙醇硬化治疗或抗生素消炎治疗的临床价值。方法对经直肠超声(TRUS)诊断的6例前列腺苗勒氏管囊肿和4例精囊囊肿行囊肿抽液治疗后,分别采用无水乙醇硬化治疗或抗生素灌注治疗,并对囊内液体进行病理学检查。结果TRUS诊断苗勒氏管囊肿6例,抽出的囊肿液体3例为清亮透明,2例呈咖啡色,1例为淡黄色液体;4例精囊囊肿抽出的液体中,3例呈咖啡色,其余1例为脓性。囊内液体经病理检查均未发现肿瘤细胞。术后随访的6个月至2年内,6例患者超声复查发现囊肿消失,临床症状好转;其余4例囊肿复发后接受重复治疗。结论超声引导下的囊肿抽液结合无水乙醇硬化治疗或抗生素灌注治疗是治疗苗勒氏管囊肿和精囊囊肿的有效的微创方法。

超声引导下无水乙醇硬化治疗伴有射精管梗阻症状的苗勒管囊肿

目的:评价经直肠超声引导下无水乙醇硬化治疗伴有射精管梗阻症状的苗勒管囊肿的安全性和有效性,探讨该方法的临床价值。方法:对3例伴有射精管梗阻症状的前列腺苗勒管囊肿行超声引导下20 G针穿刺无水乙醇硬化治疗,超声随访评价疗效。结果:治疗后6个月全部囊肿均消失,超声检查射精管梗阻解除,无严重并发症发生。结论:超声引导下的无水乙醇硬化治疗安全有效,可成为临床治疗伴有射精管梗阻症状的前列腺苗勒管囊肿的新方法。

经典皮肤纤毛囊肿一例

患者,女,17岁。左股内侧囊肿渐增大1个月。组织病理示:表皮正常,皮肤组织真皮层及皮下组织内见一囊肿,与表皮不相连,囊肿壁可见较多乳头状突起,囊壁覆以假复层纤毛柱状上皮。免疫组化染色示:上皮膜抗原(EMA)、CK 7、CK8/CK18、CK19、ER、PR、E-Cca均为阳性,S-100个别阳性,大囊肿病液体蛋白15(GCDFP-15)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)均为阴性。诊断:皮肤纤毛囊肿。

先天性子宫囊肿的临床病理学特征分析

目的探讨先天性子宫囊肿的组织学来源、临床病理学特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2010年7月至2018年6月于协和医院妇科手术治疗的6例先天性子宫囊肿患者的临床资料,并行相关文献复习。结果 6例先天性子宫囊肿患者除1例有"左下腹隐痛"主诉外,其余患者均无明显临床症状;仅1例术前诊断子宫体部囊肿,其余均为术中所见结合病理方明确诊断。组织病理结合免疫组化特征诊断中肾管来源和副中肾管来源各3例。6例患者均行囊肿切除术,术后随访3个月至8年均无复发。结论先天性子宫囊肿来源于中肾管或副中肾管残迹,位于子宫体部,病理学良性,无特异性临床表现,通常为体检偶然发现且需手术病理方能明确诊断,病灶切除后不易复发。

苗勒管细胞的分离及苗勒管抑制素受体定位的免疫电镜观察

本实验应用胰酶消化后的Percoll梯度分离技术,将苗勒管上皮细胞与间质细胞分离开来,然后分别进行细胞培养。一部分与同胚龄睾丸或卵巢联合培养,观察生殖腺分泌的苗勒管抑制素(MIS)对两类细胞致死率的差异;另一部分以MIS抗体为第一抗体,HRP-羊抗兔IgG或抗生物素-胶体金为第二抗体,作免疫电镜技术,显示苗勒管上皮细胞和间质细胞上MIS受体的结合位点。实验结果表明,睾丸分泌的MIS使培养的苗勒管上皮细胞致死率与对照组相比,有非常显著差异(P<0.001),对间质细胞致死率不明显,但MIS受体结合位点的免疫反应不仅出现在苗勒管上皮细胞上,也显示在间质细胞上。本文讨论了MIS的作用机理。

苗勒管囊肿的诊断及治疗

应用腔内超声诊断苗勒管囊肿８例。１例手术切除囊肿，１例经尿道切开引流，６例由超声引导经会阴穿刺抽液治疗。８例均获治愈。苗勒管囊肿的腔内Ｂ超特征为：位于前列腺中央的圆形无回声区向前列腺后上方延伸。囊液不含精子。认为腔内超声及其引导的经会阴穿刺术为诊治苗勒管囊肿提供了有效、创伤小的方法。

腹膜后苗勒源性囊肿1例报告

腹膜后苗勒源性囊肿为先天发育缺陷性疾病，临床较罕见。现将我院收治的1例腹膜后苗勒源性囊肿报告如下。