Scalings for the Alfvén-cyclotron instability in a bi-kappa plasma

The particle velocity distribution in space plasma usually exhibits a non-Maxwellian high-energy tail that can be well modeled by kappa distributions.In this study,we focus on the growth rates of the Alfvén-cyclotron instability driven by ion temperature anisotropy in a kappa plasma.By solving the kinetic linear dispersion equation,we explore the sensitivity of growth rates to the spectral indexκof a bi-kappa distribution under different plasma conditions,including a variety of plasma beta β_(hp) and temperature anisotropy A_(hp) values of hot protons.Furthermore,a concise,analytic scaling formula is derived that relates the dimensionless maximum growth rate to three independent variables:the spectral index and the plasma beta and temperature anisotropy of hot protons.Our results show that as theκ-value increases,the instability bandwidth narrows and the maximum growth rate increases significantly.For higherβ_(hp)and A_(hp)′the maximum instability undergoes a sharp increase as well.When our fits of dimensionless maximum growth rates are compared with solutions to kinetic linear dispersion theory,the results generally exhibit good agreement between them.Especially under the circumstances of largeκ-values and highβ_(hp)and A_(hp)′the scalings of maximum growth rates primarily accurately model the numerical solutions.Our analytic expressions can readily be used in large-scale models of the Earth’s magnetosphere to understand wave generation due to the Alfvén-cyclotron instability.

Research on Instability Mechanism and Type of Ore Pillar Based on the Fold Catastrophe Theory

The stability of ore pillar in mine is essential for the safe and efficient mining.Based on the energy evolvement rule in ore pillar and roadway roof system,the roadway roof and ore pillar are treated as energy release body and energy dissipation body,respectively.Therefore,the double-block mechanical model is established with energy dissipation body and energy release body,and the energy mechanism of ore pillar instability is obtained,based on the fold catastrophe mathematical theory.The research result indicates that the dynamic instability of ore pillar is a physical instability problem caused by the strain softening property of ore mass,and the instability type of ore pillar is determined by the stiffness parameter of double-block mechanical system.When the systematical stiffness parameter is greater than or equal to 1,the equilibrium position of double-block mechanical system passes through shaft K-1 or the origin,from branch 1 of unstable equilibrium state to branch 2 of stable equilibrium state by smooth transition,and the ore pillar shows quasi-static fracture.When the systematical stiffness parameter is less than 1,the equilibrium position of double-block system mutates from branch 1 of unstable equilibrium state to branch 2 of stable equilibrium state by jumping transition,and the ore pillar shows dynamic instability.The research result could provide theoretical guidance for the prevention measures of ore pillar instability.

同忻煤矿8105工作面上覆坚硬岩层失稳破断研究

为研究坚硬岩层破断对回采工作面的影响,以同忻煤矿8105工作面坚硬顶板为工程背景,利用破裂线理论,得到了极限荷载破坏公式;为探究坚硬岩层失稳破断对工作面的影响,借助薄板理论,建立坚硬岩层结构模型,结合坚硬岩层失稳模式,给出了坚硬岩层失稳判据,分别为坚硬岩层初次失稳尺度及周期失稳计算公式;根据8105工作面综合柱状及物理力学参数,通过坚硬岩层协同变形载荷计算公式、坚硬岩层初次失稳计算公式等,确定低、中、高坚硬岩层层位及坚硬岩层破断尺度。结果显示:低、中、高位坚硬岩层初次失稳尺度分别为35.4 m、74.9 m、122.1 m,周期失稳尺度分别为13.5 m、63 m、109.9 m。通过理论计算坚硬岩层破断尺度发现:高位坚硬岩层失稳尺度最大,而低位和中位坚硬岩层失稳尺度接近一致。因此,高位坚硬岩层破断对工作面开采影响最大;8105工作面上覆岩层失稳破断对微震事件具有一定的影响。通过微震数据统计可知:坚硬岩层随着工作面的开采逐步发生失稳破断,不同坚硬岩层之间易发生耦合作用,形成复合矿压。坚硬岩层失稳判据的理论计算与实际硬岩破断尺度对比发现,高位坚硬岩层的预测准确率最高。

基于突变理论的隔水岩体失稳分析及安全厚度计算

为了保障岩溶突水隧道施工和运营安全,基于弹性梁模型,应用突变理论建立岩溶突水顶板在动力扰动下失稳的双尖点突变模型;综合考虑围岩性质、静水压力、动力扰动等因素,分析岩溶突水隧道顶板的失稳机制和破坏条件,建立其失稳突变的判别方程,并采用Matlab软件编程,求解顶板的最小安全厚度;同时,为了避免当静水压力过大时,突变理论公式的不合理性,单独计算仅在静水压力的情况下的最小安全厚度,并取两者计算值中的更大值。结果表明:隔水岩体是否保持稳定是由岩体内外因素共同决定的;岩体跨度越长,岩体最小安全厚度越大;岩体弹性模量越大,岩体最小安全厚度越小。在振动频率一定时,爆破荷载越大,岩体最小安全厚度越大;在爆破荷载的大小一定时,爆破振动的频率越大,岩体最小安全厚度越小;静水压力越大,岩体最小安全厚度越大。该岩溶突水隧道顶板安全厚度计算方法具有可行性与较高的准确性。

从五体理论探讨慢性踝关节不稳

慢性踝关节不稳即陈旧性踝关节扭伤,属于“筋伤病”的范畴,多由急性踝关节扭伤疾病失治、误治所致,该病及其所致的并发症通常导致踝关节运动功能严重受限,生活质量大幅下降。五体层次结构是《内经》人体结构理论躯体部分的主体框架,与人体运动机能密切相关,踝关节不稳的发病过程和临床表现涉及中医五体病机的演变,故笔者试从五体理论出发,探讨和阐述慢性踝关节不稳的发病机制、治疗进展,发现在五体理论指导下,无论是传统中医疗法,或是将其与西医治疗手段相结合,均可对CAI产生良好疗效。

深度学习在边界层流动稳定性分析中的应用

基于线性稳定性理论(linear stability theory,LST)的e^(N)方法是边界层转捩预测中比较可靠的方法之一。为了将传统LST特征值问题的求解过程大幅度简化和自动化,使用卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)在边界层相似性解的LST分析样本集上进行训练,针对流向和横流不稳定性,分别在自然层流翼型和无限展长后掠翼上预测扰动的当地增长率、N因子和转捩位置,结果与标准LST一致性良好;验证了CNN可以将边界层剖面速度型导数信息编码为满足伽利略不变性的标量特征,在翼型边界层中起到了表征压力梯度的作用,在后掠翼边界层中起到了表征横流强度的作用;在CNN对LST特征值预测的基础上,以LST控制方程、边界条件和平凡解惩罚项构造总损失函数来训练内嵌物理信息神经网络(physics-informed neural network,PINN),实现了在不依赖样本的情况下对LST特征函数的准确预测,结果表明PINN可以为LST的特征函数问题提供有效的建模方法。

初始大扰动条件下双流系统的粒子相空间振荡

双流系统产生的不稳定性过程是近地空间中常见的等离子体不稳定性现象.地球磁尾、等离子体片边界层、地球弓激波、太阳风、极隙区和极光加速区观测到的静电孤立波被认为是由双流不稳定性产生.地球空间环境并非均匀稳态,因此对双流系统演化过程的研究往往需要考虑初始的扰动.利用所建立的动理论粒子云模型方法,我们研究了初始大扰动下双流系统的不稳定性现象,发现初始大扰动条件下粒子相空间产生振荡现象,且振荡频率与初始扰动的空间波数有关,电场与电场能量也存在该频率成分.通过线性理论,求解出了粒子相空间振荡频率.它与粒子云模拟得到的频率一致.该频率为朗缪尔振荡频率的基础之上叠加一个与初始扰动的空间波数有关的频率偏移量.我们改变等离子体频率,进一步验证了上述结论.该研究结果表明初始扰动能够对双流系统的不稳定性现象产生重要影响,对于加深理解地球磁层中双流系统的演化过程有重要参考意义.

爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据研究

为判断爆破振动与损伤作用下层状岩体隧道的围岩稳定性,根据层状围岩失稳特征建立隧道力学模型,考虑爆破损伤和振动效应,构建层状围岩隧道系统总势能方程和突变失稳判据,分析爆破作用下层状围岩稳定性演化规律;并以沪昆高铁湖南段姚家隧道为工程背景,分析层状围岩隧道稳定性。结果表明:层状围岩隧道发生突变失稳的充要条件是满足分岔集方程,即当突变特征值Δ≤0时系统可能发生突变失稳;爆破累积效应造成围岩刚度不断降低,爆破药量增加提高爆破振动效应,这些均导致层状围岩失稳概率增加;实际隧道失稳评价结果与施工现场情况、监测结果一致,验证了失稳判据的有效性。

硐室岩壁过渡型破坏模式及最大线应变理论分析研究

地下硐室所在的岩体应力条件复杂,破坏模式随着与开挖面距离的不同发生转变,开挖所引起的原位脆性岩体应力集中会导致平行于自由面的局部损伤演化,称为表面不稳定性。而在深层条件下,低强度硐室岩壁的表面不稳定性及过渡型破坏模式很常见。针对目前实验室中圆柱形试样在单轴压缩试验中试样受力不符合岩壁单元实际应力状态的局限性,研发一款可模拟硐室岩壁过渡式破坏的试验测试仪。对长方体砂岩、花岗岩试样进行单临空面双向应力加载试验,分析岩石试样的裂纹发展、应力应变规律和破坏模式过渡转化。基于最大线应变理论及胡克定律提出最大线应变强度分析公式,建立基于最大线应变理论的岩壁表面不稳定性破坏的试验测试和分析方法,并且同Mohr-Coulomb准则及Hoek-Brown强度理论进行比较,通过试验数据验证最大线应变理论解释硐室岩壁过渡型破坏模式的适用性。

基于改进D-S证据理论选择性集成的边坡稳定性评价

针对边坡稳定性预测算法选择困难和单个模型误判风险大的问题,建立了基于改进D-S证据理论选择性集成的边坡稳定性评价方法,为边坡稳定性初步评价提供方法依据。基于边坡稳定性主要影响因素,通过极限平衡法构建了大型边坡稳定性评价数据集。引入基于边界距离最小化的基学习器选择技术,提升选择性集成模型的泛化能力。提出了改进D-S证据理论融合基学习器信息,降低了选择性集成模型决策过程中的不确定性和模糊性,解决了现有边坡稳定性评价模型易误判和结果非一致性问题。仿真试验结果表明:改进D-S证据理论选择性集成方法无需复杂的数值建模与计算迭代过程,可直接客观地评判边坡稳定性状态,并从信息论角度给出边坡失稳概率。对比传统机器学习方法,该方法有效提高了边坡稳定性的预测准确率,同时降低了预测结果的不确定性,实现了速度快、精度高、稳健性好的广域尺度边坡稳定性评价。

绳索取芯技术应用中的井壁稳定性研究

随着深孔钻探环境愈加复杂,绳索取芯钻进技术实施过程中井壁失稳现象愈加突出。为破解该技术难题,从地质因素和工程因素两方面详细论述了绳索取芯过程中导致井壁不稳定的因素。以某重大供水工程中的重点勘察钻孔DZK4为例,结合深孔复杂岩层实际情况,提出“阳离子-高黏结-润湿反转-化学抑制-密度合理支撑”的协同防塌机理,结合该机理形成钻井液配方。应用情况表明,钻井液密度、失水量等相关指标都达到控制标准,钻井液性能较为稳定。

超前支承压力下巷道围岩失稳机理及模拟研究

【目的】研究工作面推进超前支承压力演化规律及巷道围岩失稳机制。【方法】以某采煤工作面为例,采用弹塑性力学理论分析工作面推进过程中超前支承压力变化特征,探讨超前支承压力作用下的关键层理论,在整个失稳过程中起到关键作用,运用3DEC模拟研究超前支承压力影响下巷道围岩失稳破坏特征。【结果】结果表明,巷道围岩呈现非对称变形,尤其是两帮的非对称变形表现最为显著。随着采矿工作的进行,巷道围岩受到叠加应力的扰动影响,超前支承压力对巷道顶板和两帮的影响差异化主要是由于顶板岩层的硬度较高,煤体相对岩层来说较为松软破碎,以及帮部已经提前产生裂隙,能够释放掉部分顶板压力。【结论】研究结果对于提高系统的稳定性和可靠性具有重要的意义,为预防和管理失稳提供了参考。

山东平原M_(S)5.5地震前岩石圈磁场异常变化及发震机理

基于冀鲁交界地区2020~2023年连续4期的流动地磁观测资料,分析区域岩石圈磁场时空变化特征及其与2023-08-06山东平原M_(S)5.5地震的关系,并结合岩石磁学的实验室结果和断层亚失稳理论,探讨平原地震前的亚失稳特征及发震机理。结果表明:1)研究区岩石圈磁场时空变化特征在平原地震前有较为明显的异常反映,2020~2023年震中附近始终存在水平矢量的弱化区,并随着时间推移,出现水平矢量的弱化区逐渐向震中逼近的现象;震中附近始终存在地磁总强度、磁偏角、垂直分量的0值线。2)2020~2021年度震中附近各测点时序变化具有高度的一致性,较好地反映出测点附近断裂的协同化活动状态,或许可以作为识别断层进入亚失稳阶段的特征之一。3)分析应力与磁场强度的关系可知,林南断裂中东段、聊城-兰考断裂东北段地磁场总强度增大,地壳应力应处于释放状态;堂邑断裂、林南断裂西段地磁场总强度减小,地壳应力应处于积累状态。前者应力释放对后者的应力积累有促进作用,可能会导致后者的剪应力瞬时增加并超过其强度发生失稳,从而引发平原地震。

2019年丰南4.5级地震前后岩石圈磁场水平矢量动态演化特征

基于唐山及周边地区2018年4月—2020年9月连续6期的流动地磁观测资料,经过数据处理获得5期岩石圈磁场半年尺度的时空变化数据,再结合2019年12月5日丰南4.5级地震对震中附近岩石圈水平矢量时空演化特征进行分析。结果表明:①在岩石圈磁场水平矢量动态演化过程中,丰南地震震中附近岩石圈磁场水平矢量异常出现在震前一年时期,且随着时间推移,岩石圈磁场水平矢量弱变区在空间上具有由东向西发展的演变过程。②丰南地震震中区域水平矢量模值在地震前后出现先减小后增大的反向变化,震前半年水平矢量模值最小,丰南地震发生于水平矢量模值反向增大的过程中。③根据亚失稳理论与岩石圈磁场水平矢量变化关系,在多期岩石圈磁场水平矢量存在方向变化和弱变的区域寻找潜在的异常区,再结合异常区水平矢量模值的动态演化,或许可以作为一种识别震前震磁前兆异常信息的方法。

基于M-K模型的TA15钛合金高温成形极限

为了探究TA15钛合金高温环境下的成形极限,明确本构方程中参数对成形极限的影响规律,建立了考虑高温软化效应TA15钛合金高温环境下的本构关系,利用高温成形极限试验平台及M-K失稳理论对TA15钛合金板高温环境下的成形极限分别进行了试验测试及理论预测。理论预测结果表明当温度从800℃提升至880℃时,平面应变状态下的极限主应变由0.18提升至0.33。基于M-K失稳理论和建立的高温本构模型,分析了本构方程中的参数对成形极限的影响规律,结果表明提高加工硬化指数、速率敏感因子及减小软化因子,均可以提升应变强化率的大小,进一步延缓沟槽内应变状态趋于平面应变状态,从而提升理论成形极限曲线在应变空间中的位置。此外,理论计算结果表明速率敏感因子对成形极限曲线的左侧影响程度要大于其对右侧部分的影响,该现象主要归因于速率敏感因子对不同应变大小下的应变强化率的影响不同。

Small scale effects on buckling and postbuckling behaviors of axially loaded FGM nanoshells based on nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory

By means of a comprehensive theory of elasticity, namely, a nonlocal strain gradient continuum theory, size-dependent nonlinear axial instability characteristics of cylindrical nanoshells made of functionally graded material(FGM) are examined. To take small scale effects into consideration in a more accurate way, a nonlocal stress field parameter and an internal length scale parameter are incorporated simultaneously into an exponential shear deformation shell theory. The variation of material properties associated with FGM nanoshells is supposed along the shell thickness, and it is modeled based on the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme. With a boundary layer theory of shell buckling and a perturbation-based solving process, the nonlocal strain gradient load-deflection and load-shortening stability paths are derived explicitly. It is observed that the strain gradient size effect causes to the increases of both the critical axial buckling load and the width of snap-through phenomenon related to the postbuckling regime, while the nonlocal size dependency leads to the decreases of them. Moreover, the influence of the nonlocal type of small scale effect on the axial instability characteristics of FGM nanoshells is more than that of the strain gradient one.

Application of Arnoldi method to boundary layer instability

The Arnoldi method is applied to boundary layer instability, and a finite difference method is employed to avoid the limit of the finite element method. This modus operandi is verified by three comparison cases, i.e., comparison with linear stability theory（LST） for two-dimensional（2D） disturbance on one-dimensional（1D） basic flow, comparison with LST for three-dimensional（3D） disturbance on 1D basic flow, and comparison with Floquet theory for 3D disturbance on 2D basic flow. Then it is applied to secondary instability analysis on the streaky boundary layer under spanwise-localized free-stream turbulence（FST）. Three unstable modes are found, i.e., an inner mode at a high-speed center streak, a sinuous type outer mode at a low-speed center streak, and a sinuous type outer mode at low-speed side streaks. All these modes are much more unstable than Tollmien–Schlichting（TS） waves, implying the dominant contribution of secondary instability in bypass transition. The modes at strong center streak are more unstable than those at weak side streaks, so the center streak is ‘dangerous＇ in secondary instability.

Size-dependent sinusoidal beam model for dynamic instability of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, a model for dynamic instability of embedded single-walled car- bon nanotubes （SWCNTs） is presented. SWCNTs are modeled by the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory （SSDBT）. The modified couple stress theory （MCST） is con- sidered in order to capture the size effects. The surrounding elastic medium is described by a visco-Pasternak foundation model, which accounts for normal, transverse shear, and damping loads. The motion equations are derived based on Hamilton＇s principle. The differential quadrature method （DQM） in conjunction with the Bolotin method is used in order to calculate the dynamic instability region （DIR） of SWCNTs. The effects of differ- ent parameters, such as nonlocal parameter, visco-Pasternak foundation, mode numbers, and geometrical parameters, are shown on the dynamic instability of SWCNTs. The re- sults depict that increasing the nonlocal parameter shifts the DIR to right. The results presented in this paper would be helpful in design and manufacturing of nano-electromechanical system （NEMS） and micro-electro-mechanical system （MEMS）.

Study of Diffusion Instability in Some Ternary Gas Mixtures at Various Temperatures

Within the linear theory of stability, the process of isothermal mixing of three-component gas mixtures in a channel of final dimensions in the absence of mass-transfer through its walls is considered. The comparison of experimental data with the results of theoretical calculations for the mixtures He+Ar-N2 and H2+N2-CH4 is shown, that a stable diffusion process as the temperature increased will remain the same and be described by the ordinary diffusion laws, but unstable one lost its intensity and tend to the stable diffusion.

Global instability of Stokes layer for whole wave numbers

The study on the global instability of a Stokes layer, which is a typical unsteady flow, is usually a paradigm for understanding the instability and transition of unsteady flows. Previous studies suggest that the neutral curve of the global instability obtained by the Floquet theory is only mapped out in a limited range of wave numbers （0.2 ≤ a ≤ 0.5）. In this paper, the global instability is investigated with numerical simulations for all wave numbers. It is revealed that the peak of the disturbances displays irregularity rather than the periodic evolution while the wave number is beyond the above range. A ＂neutral point＂ is redefined, and a neutral curve of the global instability is presented for the whole wave numbers with this new definition. This work provides a deeper understanding of the global instability of unsteady flows.