3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spec...3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman.SEM images of the samples reveal that the hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres with diameters of about 3-5μm are composed of a number of curled nanosheets.Electrochemical tests such as charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry,cycle life and rate performance were carried out on the WS_(2) sample.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries,hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres show excellent electrochemical performance.At a current density of100 mA·g^(-1),a high specific capacity of 647.8 mA·h·g^(-1) was achieved after 120 discharge/charge cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of WS_(2) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries can be attributed to its special 3D hierarchical structure.展开更多
Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of...Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41-148 nm and are dispersed with non-uniform pores on the template surface.By swapping the salt template with KC1 or Na2SO4,different morphologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained.The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures.The specific growth mechanism of hollow microspheres was studied in detail.The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation,which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template.This enhancement can be ascribed to the simultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible light-harvesting ability from the hollow structures.Electron spin resonance（ESR） results suggest that both radicals of ·OH and ·O2^- are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample.The production of ·O2^- radicals offers better durability for NO removal.展开更多
A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patt...A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that single phase LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 with good crystallinity was syn‐thesized at 450℃ after 4 h. Transmission electron microscope images exhibited that the LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h possessed a porous spherical morphology com‐posed of aggregated nanocrystallites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that the growth of the porous LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 microspheres has two stages. SEM pictures showed that a higher calcination temperature than 450？？ had an adverse effect on the formation of a po‐rous spherical structure. The LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h displayed a high BET surface area of 55.73 m2/g with a pore size of 9.38 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that Sr2＋ions entered the A sites and induced a decrease of the binding energy between Mn and O. The CO conversion with the La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤x≤0.6） samples indicated that the La0.4Sr0.6Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample had the best catalytic activity and stability. Further analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that Sr2＋doping altered the content of Mn4＋ions, oxygen vacancies and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface, which affected the catalytic performance for CO oxidation.展开更多
Spinel LiMn2O4 microspheres with durable high rate capability were synthesized by a facile route using spherical MnCO3 precursors as the self-supported templates, combined with the calcinations of LiNO3 at 700 °C...Spinel LiMn2O4 microspheres with durable high rate capability were synthesized by a facile route using spherical MnCO3 precursors as the self-supported templates, combined with the calcinations of LiNO3 at 700 °C for 8 h. The spherical MnCO3 precursors were obtained from the control of the crystallizing process of Mn2＋ ions and NH4HCO3 in aqueous solution. The effects of the mole ratio of the raw materials, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the morphology and yield of the MnCO3 were investigated. The as-synthesized MnCO3 and LiMn2O4 microspheres were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests indicate that the spinel LiMn2O4 microspheres deliver a discharge capacity of 90 mA-h/g at 10C rate show good capacity retention capability （75% of their initial capacity after 800 cycles at 10C rate）. The durable high rate capability suggests that the as-synthesized LiMn2O4 microspheres are promising cathode materials for high power lithium ion batteries.展开更多
As promising energy storage systems,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant attention because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,Li-S battery suffers problems related to the complex phase co...As promising energy storage systems,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant attention because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,Li-S battery suffers problems related to the complex phase conversion that occurs during the charge-discharge process,particularly the deposition of solid Li2S from the liquid-phase polysulfides,which greatly limits its practical application.In this paper,edge-rich MoS2/C hollow microspheres(Edg-MoS2/C HMs)were designed and used to functionalize separator for Li-S battery,resulting in the uniform deposition of Li2S.The microspheres were fabricated through the facile hydrothermal treatment of MoO3-aniline nanowires and a subsequent carbonization process.The obtained Edg-MoS2/C HMs have a strong chemical absorption capability and high density of Li2S binding sites,and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance and can effectively hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect and guide the uniform nucleation and growth of Li2S.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the Edg-MoS2/C HMs can effectively regulate the deposition of Li2S and significantly improve the reversibility of the phase conversion of the active sulfur species,especially at high sulfur loadings and high C-rates.As a result,a cell containing a separator functionalized with Edg-MoS2/C HMs exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 935 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C and maintained a capacity of 494 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles with a sulfur loading of 1.7 mg cm-2.Impressively,at a high sulfur loading of 6.1 mg cm-2 and high rate of 0.5 C,the cell still delivered a high reversible discharge capacity of 478 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles.This work provides fresh insights into energy storage systems related to complex phase conversions.展开更多
Constructing a step-scheme heterojunction at the interface between two semiconductors is an efficient way to optimize the redox ability and accelerate the charge carrier separation of a photocatalytic system for achie...Constructing a step-scheme heterojunction at the interface between two semiconductors is an efficient way to optimize the redox ability and accelerate the charge carrier separation of a photocatalytic system for achieving high photocatalytic performance.In this study,we prepared a hierarchical ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalyst by incorporating ZnS into the outer shell of hollow ZnO microspheres via a simple in situ sulfidation strategy.The ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalysts had a large surface area,high light utilization capacity,and superior separation efficiency for photogenerated charge carriers.In addition,the material simulation revealed that the formation of the step-scheme heterojunction between ZnO and ZnS was due to the presence of the built-in electric field.Our study paves the way for design of high-performance photocatalysts for H_(2) production.展开更多
Development of efficient heterostructured photocatalysts that respond to visible light remains a considerable challenge.We herein show the synthesis of ZnIn2S4/carbon quantum dot hybrid photocatalysts with flowerlike ...Development of efficient heterostructured photocatalysts that respond to visible light remains a considerable challenge.We herein show the synthesis of ZnIn2S4/carbon quantum dot hybrid photocatalysts with flowerlike microspheres via a facile solvothermal method.The ZnIn2S4/carbon quantum dot flowerlike microspheres display enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity compared with that of pure ZnIn2S4.With a content of only 0.5 wt%carbon quantum dots,93%of Cr(VI)is reduced under visible‐light irradiation at 40 min.As a co‐catalyst,the carbon quantum dots improve the light absorption and lengthen the lifetime of charge carriers,consequently enhancing the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity.展开更多
Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated ...Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.展开更多
TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell microspheres were synthesized by a facile strategy to obtain a perfect 3D flower-like nanostructure with well-arranged Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes on the surfaces of TiO2 microspheres;this arrangement l...TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell microspheres were synthesized by a facile strategy to obtain a perfect 3D flower-like nanostructure with well-arranged Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes on the surfaces of TiO2 microspheres;this arrangement led to a six-fold enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The unique p-n type heterostructure not only promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers significantly, but also offers more active sites for photocatalytic hydrogen production. A photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on the results of electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.展开更多
It is rather essential to design glorious system with high CO_(2) adsorption capacity and electron migration efficiency for improving selective and effective CO_(2) reduction into solar fuels.Here,as-synthesized pheno...It is rather essential to design glorious system with high CO_(2) adsorption capacity and electron migration efficiency for improving selective and effective CO_(2) reduction into solar fuels.Here,as-synthesized phenolic resin spheres via suspension polymerization were carbonized and activated by water vapor to obtain activated carbon spheres(ACSs).Subsequently,Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/ACSs were prepared via hydrothermal-impregnated method.The systematical characterizations of samples,including XRD,XPS,SEM,EDX,DRS,BET,PL,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,EIS and transient photocurrent,were analyzed.The results clearly demonstrated that Bi_(2)MoO_(6) with suitable oxidation reduction potentials and bandgap and ACSs with admirable CO_(2) adsorption and electrical conductivity not only enhanced separation efficiency of photoindued electron-hole pair,but also displayed as 1.8 times CO_(2) reduction activity to CO as single Bi_(2)MoO_(6) sample under Xe-lamp irradiation.Finally,a concerned photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction mechanism was proposed and investigated.Our findings should provide innovative guidance for designing a series of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction materials with highly efficient and selective ability.展开更多
Herein,N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres are successfully synthesized by the simple spray drying method.In the preparation process,HCl-treated melamine(HTM)is selected as the sources of carbon and nitrogen.It not only realizes...Herein,N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres are successfully synthesized by the simple spray drying method.In the preparation process,HCl-treated melamine(HTM)is selected as the sources of carbon and nitrogen.It not only realizes in situ growth of CNTs on the surface of MXene nanosheets with the catalysis of Ni,but also introduces efficient N-doping in both MXene and CNTs.Within the microsphere,MXene nanosheets interconnect with CNTs to form porous and conductive network.In addition,N-doped MXene and CNTs can provide strong chemical immobilization for polysulfides and effectively entrap them within the porous microspheres.Above-mentioned merits enable N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres to be ideal sulfur host.When used in lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery,the N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode delivers initial specific capacity of 927 mAh g−1 at 1 C and retains high capacity of 775 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with extremely low fading rate(FR)of 0.016%per cycle.Furthermore,the cathode still shows high cycling stability at high C-rate of 4 C(capacity of 647 mAh g−1 after 650 cycles,FR 0.027%)and high sulfur loading of 3 and 6 mg cm−2 for Li–S batteries.展开更多
MoS2/C composites are considered to have great application potential in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).It is a challenging and meaningful subject that developing high-performance anode materials via combining MoS2 and car...MoS2/C composites are considered to have great application potential in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).It is a challenging and meaningful subject that developing high-performance anode materials via combining MoS2 and carbon effectively to give free rein to their advantages in sodium ion storage.In this work,a novel MoS2-C material was designed by using cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)as low-cost and green carbon source.3 D hierarchical microspheres(200-250 nm)constructed by ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets were synthesized by synchronizing the pre-carbonization of CNCs with the formation of MoS2 in hydrothermal reaction and subsequent pyrolysis process.It is found that the ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets were composed of CNCs-derived short-range ordered carbon and few-layered MoS2.Benefiting from the unique structure and robust combination of MoS2 and CNCs-derived carbon,the ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets composite was proved to have excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance in sodium-ion half-cell test and have high first reversible specific capacity of 397.9 m Ah/g in full-cell test.This work provides a significant and effective pathway to prepare MoS2-C materials with excellent electrochemical performance for the application in large-scale energy storage systems.展开更多
Massive oily wastewater discharged from industrial production and human daily life have been an urgent environmental and ecological challenge.Superhydrophobic materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their...Massive oily wastewater discharged from industrial production and human daily life have been an urgent environmental and ecological challenge.Superhydrophobic materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in the treatment of wastewater.In this study,a novel superhydrophobic/superoleophilic composite melamine sponge modified with dual silanized SiO_(2) microspheres was fabricated simply by a two-step sol-gel method using vinyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as functional agent,which exhibited a water contact angle of 153.2°and a water sliding contact angle of 4.8°.Furthermore,the composite sponge showed the excellent oil adsorption performance and the compressive elasticity reaching up to 130 g·g^(-1) of dichloromethane and 33.1 kPa of compressive stress.It was worth noting that the composite sponge presented the excellent separation efficiency(up to 99.5%)in the processes of continuous oil/water separation.The robust superhydrophobic composite melamine sponge provided the possibility with the practical application for oil-water separation.展开更多
Artificial zeolite was modified by nano-Fe3O4 for development of functional adsorbents.Subsequently,adsorbents such as calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 microspheres (Ca-MS),calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 modified zeol...Artificial zeolite was modified by nano-Fe3O4 for development of functional adsorbents.Subsequently,adsorbents such as calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 microspheres (Ca-MS),calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 modified zeolite microspheres (Ca-MZS) and iron cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 modified zeolite microspheres (Fe-MZS) were prepared and compared for their adsorption performance.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH,initial concentration and ion content on the removal of Cu^2+ from wastewater are investigated,and the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for the adsorbent materials were analyzed.The experimental results indicate that for the initial concentration of Cu^2+ of 30 mg/L,the adsorption is noted to be most stable.The optimal initial pH for adsorbing Cu^2+ is observed to be 5.5.At an optimal dosage of Ca-MZS of 900 mg/L,the adsorption capacity is measured to be 28.25 mg/g,along with the removal rate of 72.49%.The addition of Na+ and K+ affects the adsorption of Cu^2+.For the Na^+ and K^+ concentration of 0.2 mmol/L,the Cu^2+ removal rate by Ca-MZS drops to 11.94% and 22.12%,respectively.As compared with the adsorbents such as Natural Zeolite (NZ),Ca-MS and Fe-MZS,Ca-MZS demonstrates the best removal effect in solution,where the removal rate reaches 84.27%,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 28.09 mg/g.The Cu^2+ adsorption kinetics of Ca-MZS is observed to follow the Elovich kinetic model,with the adsorption isotherm data fitting the Freundlich isotherm model by using the non-linear method.展开更多
TiO2hollow microspheres(TiO2‐HMSs)have attracted much attention because of their high photoreactivity,low density,and good permeability.However,anatase TiO2‐HMSs have poor thermal stability.In this study,surface‐fl...TiO2hollow microspheres(TiO2‐HMSs)have attracted much attention because of their high photoreactivity,low density,and good permeability.However,anatase TiO2‐HMSs have poor thermal stability.In this study,surface‐fluorinated TiO2‐HMSs were assembled from hollow nanoparticles by the hydrothermal reaction of the mixed Ti(SO4)2–NH4HF–H2O2solution at180°C.The effect of the calcination temperature on the structure and photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs was systematically investigated,which was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air under ultraviolet irradiation.We found that after calcination at300°C,the photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs decreases from1.39×10?3min?1(TiO2‐HMS precursor)to0.82×10?3min?1because of removal of surface‐adsorbed fluoride ions.With increasing calcination temperature from300to900°C,the building blocks of the TiO2‐HMSs evolve from truncated bipyramidal shaped hollow nanoparticles to round solid nanoparticles,and the photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs steady increases from0.82×10?3to2.09×10?3min?1because of enhanced crystallization.Further increasing the calcination temperature to1000and1100°C results in a decrease of the photoreactivity,which is ascribed to a sharp decrease of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and the beginning of the anatase–rutile phase transformation at1100°C.The effect of surface‐adsorbed fluoride ions on the thermal stability of the TiO2‐HMSs is also discussed.展开更多
Al2 O3 hollow microspheres without noticeable aggregation have been prepared via a facile templating route with urea-mediated precipitation. The precipitation process is different from the surfaceadsorption method whi...Al2 O3 hollow microspheres without noticeable aggregation have been prepared via a facile templating route with urea-mediated precipitation. The precipitation process is different from the surfaceadsorption method which is confined to the adsorption capacity of the template surface. TEM and SEM images indicate that most of these Al2 O3 hollow microspheres with shell thickness of tens of nanometers and diameters in a narrow range of 100-200 nm consist of a shell of closely packed nanoparticles. The optimal amount of H2 O and EtOH are 40 and 120 m L, respectively. The specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume of the Al2 O3 hollow microspheres（calcinated at 600 ℃） are 328.52 m2/g, 17.496 nm and 1.985 cm3/g, respectively. As the calcination temperature increases from 600 to 1 100 ℃, the phase composition changes from γ-Al2 O3 to θ-Al2 O3 and a-Al2 O3, and the surface morphology appears to change from a relatively rough surface formed by nanoparticles to a smooth surface formed by lamellar, which lead to the closure of pore channels and the reduction of specific surface.展开更多
CaMg(CO3)2microspheres were prepared and used as hard templates to fabricate a series of CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3composite microspheres via a fast and low‐cost ion exchange process.The effects of ion exchange time and tempe...CaMg(CO3)2microspheres were prepared and used as hard templates to fabricate a series of CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3composite microspheres via a fast and low‐cost ion exchange process.The effects of ion exchange time and temperature on the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activities of the composite microspheres were studied through photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange II under xenon lamp irradiation.The obtained samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,N2physical adsorption,and photocurrent tests.The CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3sample with the highest activity was obtained with an ion exchange time of4h and temperature of40°C.The degradation rate of Acid Orange II by this sample reached83.3%after15min of light irradiation,and the sample also performed well in phenol degradation.The CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3produced under these ion exchange conditions showed a well‐ordered hierarchical morphology with small particle sizes,which was beneficial to light absorption and the transfer of photoelectrons(e-)and holes(h+)to the catalyst surface.Moreover,the separation of photogenerated carriers over the composites was greatly improved relative to bare CaMg(CO3)2.Despite the very low content of Ag2CO3(2.56%),excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained over the CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3microspheres.展开更多
基金Funded by the Jiangsu Province Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project (No.BY2018314)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University of Technology (No.KYY18030)Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young&Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents。
文摘3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman.SEM images of the samples reveal that the hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres with diameters of about 3-5μm are composed of a number of curled nanosheets.Electrochemical tests such as charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry,cycle life and rate performance were carried out on the WS_(2) sample.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries,hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres show excellent electrochemical performance.At a current density of100 mA·g^(-1),a high specific capacity of 647.8 mA·h·g^(-1) was achieved after 120 discharge/charge cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of WS_(2) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries can be attributed to its special 3D hierarchical structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41503102, 41401567, 41573138)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M572568)~~
文摘Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41-148 nm and are dispersed with non-uniform pores on the template surface.By swapping the salt template with KC1 or Na2SO4,different morphologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained.The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures.The specific growth mechanism of hollow microspheres was studied in detail.The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation,which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template.This enhancement can be ascribed to the simultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible light-harvesting ability from the hollow structures.Electron spin resonance（ESR） results suggest that both radicals of ·OH and ·O2^- are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample.The production of ·O2^- radicals offers better durability for NO removal.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (51202171)~~
文摘A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that single phase LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 with good crystallinity was syn‐thesized at 450℃ after 4 h. Transmission electron microscope images exhibited that the LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h possessed a porous spherical morphology com‐posed of aggregated nanocrystallites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that the growth of the porous LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 microspheres has two stages. SEM pictures showed that a higher calcination temperature than 450？？ had an adverse effect on the formation of a po‐rous spherical structure. The LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h displayed a high BET surface area of 55.73 m2/g with a pore size of 9.38 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that Sr2＋ions entered the A sites and induced a decrease of the binding energy between Mn and O. The CO conversion with the La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤x≤0.6） samples indicated that the La0.4Sr0.6Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample had the best catalytic activity and stability. Further analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that Sr2＋doping altered the content of Mn4＋ions, oxygen vacancies and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface, which affected the catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
基金Project(2011M501090) upported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(SCUT2012ZZ0042) upported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金Project supported by the"SPR-2011"of South China University of TechnologyProject(NRC07/08.EG01)supprted by the Fok Ying Tung Foundation
文摘Spinel LiMn2O4 microspheres with durable high rate capability were synthesized by a facile route using spherical MnCO3 precursors as the self-supported templates, combined with the calcinations of LiNO3 at 700 °C for 8 h. The spherical MnCO3 precursors were obtained from the control of the crystallizing process of Mn2＋ ions and NH4HCO3 in aqueous solution. The effects of the mole ratio of the raw materials, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the morphology and yield of the MnCO3 were investigated. The as-synthesized MnCO3 and LiMn2O4 microspheres were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests indicate that the spinel LiMn2O4 microspheres deliver a discharge capacity of 90 mA-h/g at 10C rate show good capacity retention capability （75% of their initial capacity after 800 cycles at 10C rate）. The durable high rate capability suggests that the as-synthesized LiMn2O4 microspheres are promising cathode materials for high power lithium ion batteries.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51672083)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (18XD1401400)+3 种基金Basic Research Program of Shanghai (17JC1404702)Leading talents in Shanghai in 2018The 111 project (B14018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (222201718002)
文摘As promising energy storage systems,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant attention because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,Li-S battery suffers problems related to the complex phase conversion that occurs during the charge-discharge process,particularly the deposition of solid Li2S from the liquid-phase polysulfides,which greatly limits its practical application.In this paper,edge-rich MoS2/C hollow microspheres(Edg-MoS2/C HMs)were designed and used to functionalize separator for Li-S battery,resulting in the uniform deposition of Li2S.The microspheres were fabricated through the facile hydrothermal treatment of MoO3-aniline nanowires and a subsequent carbonization process.The obtained Edg-MoS2/C HMs have a strong chemical absorption capability and high density of Li2S binding sites,and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance and can effectively hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect and guide the uniform nucleation and growth of Li2S.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the Edg-MoS2/C HMs can effectively regulate the deposition of Li2S and significantly improve the reversibility of the phase conversion of the active sulfur species,especially at high sulfur loadings and high C-rates.As a result,a cell containing a separator functionalized with Edg-MoS2/C HMs exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 935 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C and maintained a capacity of 494 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles with a sulfur loading of 1.7 mg cm-2.Impressively,at a high sulfur loading of 6.1 mg cm-2 and high rate of 0.5 C,the cell still delivered a high reversible discharge capacity of 478 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles.This work provides fresh insights into energy storage systems related to complex phase conversions.
文摘Constructing a step-scheme heterojunction at the interface between two semiconductors is an efficient way to optimize the redox ability and accelerate the charge carrier separation of a photocatalytic system for achieving high photocatalytic performance.In this study,we prepared a hierarchical ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalyst by incorporating ZnS into the outer shell of hollow ZnO microspheres via a simple in situ sulfidation strategy.The ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalysts had a large surface area,high light utilization capacity,and superior separation efficiency for photogenerated charge carriers.In addition,the material simulation revealed that the formation of the step-scheme heterojunction between ZnO and ZnS was due to the presence of the built-in electric field.Our study paves the way for design of high-performance photocatalysts for H_(2) production.
文摘Development of efficient heterostructured photocatalysts that respond to visible light remains a considerable challenge.We herein show the synthesis of ZnIn2S4/carbon quantum dot hybrid photocatalysts with flowerlike microspheres via a facile solvothermal method.The ZnIn2S4/carbon quantum dot flowerlike microspheres display enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity compared with that of pure ZnIn2S4.With a content of only 0.5 wt%carbon quantum dots,93%of Cr(VI)is reduced under visible‐light irradiation at 40 min.As a co‐catalyst,the carbon quantum dots improve the light absorption and lengthen the lifetime of charge carriers,consequently enhancing the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Foundation of China(Grant No.51672234)the Research Foundation for Hunan Youth Outstanding People from Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2015RS4030)+1 种基金Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering&Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource UtilizationProgram for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(1337304)
文摘Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773031)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J01686)the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE-2017A01 and SKLPEE-2017B02)~~
文摘TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell microspheres were synthesized by a facile strategy to obtain a perfect 3D flower-like nanostructure with well-arranged Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes on the surfaces of TiO2 microspheres;this arrangement led to a six-fold enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The unique p-n type heterostructure not only promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers significantly, but also offers more active sites for photocatalytic hydrogen production. A photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on the results of electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
基金The authors are thankful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978196,21676178,21706179)Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(201801D211008).
文摘It is rather essential to design glorious system with high CO_(2) adsorption capacity and electron migration efficiency for improving selective and effective CO_(2) reduction into solar fuels.Here,as-synthesized phenolic resin spheres via suspension polymerization were carbonized and activated by water vapor to obtain activated carbon spheres(ACSs).Subsequently,Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/ACSs were prepared via hydrothermal-impregnated method.The systematical characterizations of samples,including XRD,XPS,SEM,EDX,DRS,BET,PL,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,EIS and transient photocurrent,were analyzed.The results clearly demonstrated that Bi_(2)MoO_(6) with suitable oxidation reduction potentials and bandgap and ACSs with admirable CO_(2) adsorption and electrical conductivity not only enhanced separation efficiency of photoindued electron-hole pair,but also displayed as 1.8 times CO_(2) reduction activity to CO as single Bi_(2)MoO_(6) sample under Xe-lamp irradiation.Finally,a concerned photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction mechanism was proposed and investigated.Our findings should provide innovative guidance for designing a series of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction materials with highly efficient and selective ability.
文摘Herein,N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres are successfully synthesized by the simple spray drying method.In the preparation process,HCl-treated melamine(HTM)is selected as the sources of carbon and nitrogen.It not only realizes in situ growth of CNTs on the surface of MXene nanosheets with the catalysis of Ni,but also introduces efficient N-doping in both MXene and CNTs.Within the microsphere,MXene nanosheets interconnect with CNTs to form porous and conductive network.In addition,N-doped MXene and CNTs can provide strong chemical immobilization for polysulfides and effectively entrap them within the porous microspheres.Above-mentioned merits enable N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres to be ideal sulfur host.When used in lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery,the N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode delivers initial specific capacity of 927 mAh g−1 at 1 C and retains high capacity of 775 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with extremely low fading rate(FR)of 0.016%per cycle.Furthermore,the cathode still shows high cycling stability at high C-rate of 4 C(capacity of 647 mAh g−1 after 650 cycles,FR 0.027%)and high sulfur loading of 3 and 6 mg cm−2 for Li–S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51974114,51672075,and 21908049)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘MoS2/C composites are considered to have great application potential in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).It is a challenging and meaningful subject that developing high-performance anode materials via combining MoS2 and carbon effectively to give free rein to their advantages in sodium ion storage.In this work,a novel MoS2-C material was designed by using cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)as low-cost and green carbon source.3 D hierarchical microspheres(200-250 nm)constructed by ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets were synthesized by synchronizing the pre-carbonization of CNCs with the formation of MoS2 in hydrothermal reaction and subsequent pyrolysis process.It is found that the ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets were composed of CNCs-derived short-range ordered carbon and few-layered MoS2.Benefiting from the unique structure and robust combination of MoS2 and CNCs-derived carbon,the ultrathin MoS2-C nanosheets composite was proved to have excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance in sodium-ion half-cell test and have high first reversible specific capacity of 397.9 m Ah/g in full-cell test.This work provides a significant and effective pathway to prepare MoS2-C materials with excellent electrochemical performance for the application in large-scale energy storage systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676127)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170532)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M620194)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(1701023A)Natural Science Foundation Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(17KJB430011)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_1592)Zhenjiang Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.SH2017046,SH2017055).
文摘Massive oily wastewater discharged from industrial production and human daily life have been an urgent environmental and ecological challenge.Superhydrophobic materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in the treatment of wastewater.In this study,a novel superhydrophobic/superoleophilic composite melamine sponge modified with dual silanized SiO_(2) microspheres was fabricated simply by a two-step sol-gel method using vinyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as functional agent,which exhibited a water contact angle of 153.2°and a water sliding contact angle of 4.8°.Furthermore,the composite sponge showed the excellent oil adsorption performance and the compressive elasticity reaching up to 130 g·g^(-1) of dichloromethane and 33.1 kPa of compressive stress.It was worth noting that the composite sponge presented the excellent separation efficiency(up to 99.5%)in the processes of continuous oil/water separation.The robust superhydrophobic composite melamine sponge provided the possibility with the practical application for oil-water separation.
基金Funded by the Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2015CFB706)。
文摘Artificial zeolite was modified by nano-Fe3O4 for development of functional adsorbents.Subsequently,adsorbents such as calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 microspheres (Ca-MS),calcium cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 modified zeolite microspheres (Ca-MZS) and iron cross-linked nano-Fe3O4 modified zeolite microspheres (Fe-MZS) were prepared and compared for their adsorption performance.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH,initial concentration and ion content on the removal of Cu^2+ from wastewater are investigated,and the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for the adsorbent materials were analyzed.The experimental results indicate that for the initial concentration of Cu^2+ of 30 mg/L,the adsorption is noted to be most stable.The optimal initial pH for adsorbing Cu^2+ is observed to be 5.5.At an optimal dosage of Ca-MZS of 900 mg/L,the adsorption capacity is measured to be 28.25 mg/g,along with the removal rate of 72.49%.The addition of Na+ and K+ affects the adsorption of Cu^2+.For the Na^+ and K^+ concentration of 0.2 mmol/L,the Cu^2+ removal rate by Ca-MZS drops to 11.94% and 22.12%,respectively.As compared with the adsorbents such as Natural Zeolite (NZ),Ca-MS and Fe-MZS,Ca-MZS demonstrates the best removal effect in solution,where the removal rate reaches 84.27%,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 28.09 mg/g.The Cu^2+ adsorption kinetics of Ca-MZS is observed to follow the Elovich kinetic model,with the adsorption isotherm data fitting the Freundlich isotherm model by using the non-linear method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672312,21373275)the Science and Technology Program of Wuhan,China(2016010101010018,2015070504020220)the Dean’s Research Fund–04257 from the Education University of Hong Kong~~
文摘TiO2hollow microspheres(TiO2‐HMSs)have attracted much attention because of their high photoreactivity,low density,and good permeability.However,anatase TiO2‐HMSs have poor thermal stability.In this study,surface‐fluorinated TiO2‐HMSs were assembled from hollow nanoparticles by the hydrothermal reaction of the mixed Ti(SO4)2–NH4HF–H2O2solution at180°C.The effect of the calcination temperature on the structure and photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs was systematically investigated,which was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air under ultraviolet irradiation.We found that after calcination at300°C,the photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs decreases from1.39×10?3min?1(TiO2‐HMS precursor)to0.82×10?3min?1because of removal of surface‐adsorbed fluoride ions.With increasing calcination temperature from300to900°C,the building blocks of the TiO2‐HMSs evolve from truncated bipyramidal shaped hollow nanoparticles to round solid nanoparticles,and the photoreactivity of the TiO2‐HMSs steady increases from0.82×10?3to2.09×10?3min?1because of enhanced crystallization.Further increasing the calcination temperature to1000and1100°C results in a decrease of the photoreactivity,which is ascribed to a sharp decrease of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and the beginning of the anatase–rutile phase transformation at1100°C.The effect of surface‐adsorbed fluoride ions on the thermal stability of the TiO2‐HMSs is also discussed.
文摘Al2 O3 hollow microspheres without noticeable aggregation have been prepared via a facile templating route with urea-mediated precipitation. The precipitation process is different from the surfaceadsorption method which is confined to the adsorption capacity of the template surface. TEM and SEM images indicate that most of these Al2 O3 hollow microspheres with shell thickness of tens of nanometers and diameters in a narrow range of 100-200 nm consist of a shell of closely packed nanoparticles. The optimal amount of H2 O and EtOH are 40 and 120 m L, respectively. The specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume of the Al2 O3 hollow microspheres（calcinated at 600 ℃） are 328.52 m2/g, 17.496 nm and 1.985 cm3/g, respectively. As the calcination temperature increases from 600 to 1 100 ℃, the phase composition changes from γ-Al2 O3 to θ-Al2 O3 and a-Al2 O3, and the surface morphology appears to change from a relatively rough surface formed by nanoparticles to a smooth surface formed by lamellar, which lead to the closure of pore channels and the reduction of specific surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21567008,21607064,21707055,21763011)Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology+2 种基金Program of 5511 Talents in Scientific Technological Innovation of Jiangxi Province(20165BCB18014)Academic and Technical Leaders of the Main Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(20172BCB22018)Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation China(20161BAB203090,20161BAB213083,20171ACB21041)~~
文摘CaMg(CO3)2microspheres were prepared and used as hard templates to fabricate a series of CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3composite microspheres via a fast and low‐cost ion exchange process.The effects of ion exchange time and temperature on the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activities of the composite microspheres were studied through photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange II under xenon lamp irradiation.The obtained samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,N2physical adsorption,and photocurrent tests.The CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3sample with the highest activity was obtained with an ion exchange time of4h and temperature of40°C.The degradation rate of Acid Orange II by this sample reached83.3%after15min of light irradiation,and the sample also performed well in phenol degradation.The CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3produced under these ion exchange conditions showed a well‐ordered hierarchical morphology with small particle sizes,which was beneficial to light absorption and the transfer of photoelectrons(e-)and holes(h+)to the catalyst surface.Moreover,the separation of photogenerated carriers over the composites was greatly improved relative to bare CaMg(CO3)2.Despite the very low content of Ag2CO3(2.56%),excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained over the CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3microspheres.
