Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts

A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.

Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Contact Activity of Root Extracts from Macleaya cordata against Tenhrio motlitorlin(L.)

[Objective] The study was to screen the active part from roots of Macleaya cordata. [Method] Dipping method was used to study the contact activity of ethanol extract and 4 kinds of extracts by petroleum, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water from the root of M. cordata on 2nd and 6th instars larvae of T. motlitorlin（L.）. [Result] The corrected mortality rate of T. motlitorlin increased with the increase of extract concentration. When the concentration was 100 mg/ml, the contact activity of ethyl acetate extract against 2nd instar larvae of T. motlitorlin was the highest, the corrected mortality rate at 48 h reached 80.95%, and LC50 was 65.532 9 mg/ml. The overall performance of insecticidal activity was as follows： ethyl acetate layer petroleum layer = n-butanol layer total extracts （ethanol） water layer. The contact toxicity of ethanol extract and petroleum extract against 6th instar larvae of T. motlitorlin was the highest, and the corrected mortality rate at 48 h reached 71.42% and 66.67%, LC50 were 83.899 8 and 86.687 7 mg/ml, respectively. The overall performance of insecticidal activity was as follows： total extracts （ethanol） petroleum layer ethyl acetate layer n-butanol layer water layer. [Conclusion] The insecticidal active components of M. cordata root were distributed within the polarity range of petroleum and ethyl acetate, and the part could be further separated and identified.

Effects of Macleaya cordata Extracts on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Immunosuppressed Laying Chicks

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body weight of (38.76±1.12) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 replicates per treatment and 1 chick per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight and half male and half female,namely control group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and M. cordata group. The trial lasted 21 d. The chicks in control group and CTX group were fed with basal diet, and those in M. cordata group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg M. cordata extract. On the 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) and 17^(th) day of the trial, the chicks in CTX group and M. cordata group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW CTX, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal dose of normal saline. [Result] (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of chicks in CTX group reduced significantly;the feed gain ratio (F/G) increased significantly;the white blood cell count (WBC) decreased significantly;the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood increased significant -ly;the total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) content in the blood decreased significantly;the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly;and the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum decreased significantly. (2)Compared with CTX group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly;the F/G decreased significantly;the WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased sig -nificantly;the contents of ALT, AST and MDA in the serum decreased significantly;the contents of TP, GLOB, IgG, Ig M, IL -1β, interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum increased significantly;and the bursa of fabricius index increased significantly. (3) Compared with control group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly, and the contents of HGB and HCT in the blood increased significantly. [Conclusion] CTX injection will reduce the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of laying chicks. The addition of M. cordata extract could restore the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant function impaired by CTX.

Macroporous Resin Adsorption for Purification of Flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata Thunb

Flavonoids are one main kind of effective components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which display a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） with carbon dioxide was first used as preparat ion step to remove the volatile components, which are also active components, from Hout-tuynia cordata Thunb. Then ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude flavonoids and the macro-porous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the flavonoids. Nine kinds of macroporous resins with different properties were tested through static adsorption, and one macroporous resin labeled as D101 was selected. The effect of several factors, such as the ratio of column height to diameter, initial concentration and pH, on both flavonoids yield and content were explored by dynamic adsorption to obtain reasonable conditions of adsorption and desorption. The experimental results show that the content of fiavonoids can be above 60% with fia- vonoids recovery of 93.3 % under the optimum conditions of purification. HPLC analysis of the final flavonoids product shows it contains quercitrin, hypefin, rutin and quercetin.

Dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Bacillus in combination improve laying performance by regulating reproductive hormones,intestinal microbiota and barrier function of laying hens

Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments:control group(basal diet),MCE group(basal diet+MCE),Probiotics Bacillus Compound(PBC)group(basal diet+compound Bacil-lus),MCE+PBC group(basal diet+MCE+compound Bacillus).The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.Results:The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE+PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and better than the MCE and PBC group.Combina-tion of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene(estrogen receptor-β,FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)in the ovary of laying hens(P<0.05).In the MCE+PBC group,the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1,Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity(P<0.05),and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes(interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α)as well as apoptosis-related genes(Caspase 3,Caspase 8 and P53)(P<0.05).The concen-tration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE+PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,dietary supplementation of 600μg/kg MCE and 5×108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier,regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens,and the combined effect of MCE and Bacillus is better than that of single supplementation.

Residue Study for a Standardized <i>Macleaya cordata</i>Extract in Growing-Finishing Swine

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and retained residues in growing-finishing swine. A total of twelve growing-finishing swine (n = 6 for each group) were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a control feed or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;(3.5 mg/kg MCE) for 28 days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and after which the animals were slaughtered. Residual levels of MCE in swine organs and tissues were determined by measuring sanguinarine and chelerythrine levels by LC-MS/MS. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake and average daily gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;was well tolerated by the swine, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the necropsy results. Residue analysis indicated that levels of sanguinarine or chelerythrine were under the limit of detection in all the examined tissues and organs from the treated swine. This study demonstrates that Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of MCE when fed to growing-finishing swine for 28 days, at the level of 100 mg/kg in feed, does not result in sanguinarine or chelerythrine residues in the organs or tissues.

Replication of M13 single-stranded DNA bearing a sitespecific ethenocytosine lesion by Escherichia coil cell extracts

Previous investigation on the mutagenic effects of 3,N4-Ethenocytosine (εC), a nonpairing DNA lesion,revealed the existence of a novel SOS-independent inducible mutagenic mechanism in E. coli termed UVM for UV modulation of mutagenesis. To investigate whether UVM is mediated by an alteration of DNA replication, we have set up an in vitro replication system ill which phage M13 viral single-stranded DNA bearing a single site-specific (εC) residue is replicated by soluble protein extracts from E. coli cells. Replication products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the frequency of translesion synthesis was determined by restriction endonuclease analyses. Our data indicate that DNA replication is strongly inhibited by εC, but that translesion DNA synthesis does occur in about 14% of the replicated DNA molecules. These results are very similar to those observed previously in vivo, and suggest that this experimental system may be suitable for evaluating alterations in DNA replication in UVM-induced cells.

Study on the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Houttuynia cordata on Serum TNF-αand IL-6 Content in Mice Infected with Five Common Pathogenic Bacteria

[Objectives]To observe the effect of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata on the content of serum TNF-αand IL-6 in mice with abdominal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae,so as to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata in vivo.[Methods]A total of 72 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups:model group,blank group,cefdinir dispersible tablet group(0.25 g/kg),high,medium and low dose groups of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata(40,20,10 g/kg crude drug).There were 12 mice in each group,half male and half female,continuously given intragastric administration for three days,once a day.The blank group and the model group were intragastrically infused with normal saline,and the other groups were given corresponding drugs with a volume of 0.02 mL/g.After 30 min of administration on the third day,the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension to make bacterial infection.The mice in the blank group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline,followed by intragastric administration 6 h after intraperitoneal injection and intragastric administration again after 24 h.The mice were observed for three days,and the changes of body weight before and after infection were recorded.On the fourth day of infection,eyeball blood was taken,serum was separated,and the concentration of inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6 in serum was determined.[Results]Compared with the model group,the high,medium and low dose groups of H.cordata aqueous extract had protective effects on mice with abdominal infection caused by S.aureus,E.coli,P.aeruginosa,P.vulgaris and K.pneumoniae,and decreased the content of TNF-αand IL-6 in serum.[Conclusions]The aqueous extract of H.cordata had a certain antibacterial effect on acute abdominal infection caused by S.aureus,E.coli,P.aeruginosa,P.vulgaris and K.pneumoniae,and its mechanism was related to TNF-αand IL-6.

Study on the Inhibitory Mechanism of Sophora japonica N-hexane Extract on Microcystis aeruginosa

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the inhibitory mechanism of Sophora japonica n-hexane extract which significantly inhibited Microcystis aeruginosa in the prior research.[Method] S.japonica n-hexane extract was used to treat M.aeruginosa.By inspecting chlorophyll a content,protein content,cell membrane permeability and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,the inhibitory mechanism of S.japonica n-hexane extract on M.aeruginosa was analyzed initially.[Result] S.japonica n-hexane extract destroyed the cell membrane system of M.aeruginosa,and increased the cell membrane permeability.The contents of chlorophyll a and protein respectively declined to 10% and 50% of that in the control group after cultivated for 7 d,which indicated the photosynthetic reaction system of M.aeruginosa was destroyed.In addition,under the effect of S.japonica n-hexane extract,SOD activity of M.aeruginosa increased in the early period and decreased in the latter period.[Conclusion] The possible inhibitory mechanism of S.japonica n-hexane extract on M.aeruginosa was destroying the cell membrane to increase the membrane permeability;destroying the photosynthetic reaction system to decrease the contents of photosynthetic pigment and protein;making SOD activity showing the phased variation.

博落回提取物对脂多糖诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G和超氧化物歧化酶mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在研究博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)mRNA表达的影响。试验选用猪胚胎背部成纤维细胞,分别用正常细胞和以LPS刺激细胞建立的应激模型进行试验,对照组采用基础培养液,土霉素组在基础培养液中添加土霉素50μg/mL(阳性对照),博落回组在基础培养液中分别添加50、100、150 ng/mL的博落回提取物。检测IgG、溶菌酶(LSZ)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性以及IgG和SOD mRNA表达量。结果表明:1)博落回组IgG、NO和LSZ含量及NOS活性均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),土霉素组IgG和LSZ含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,博落回组IgG mRNA表达量均极显著高于对照组和土霉素组(P<0.01),50和100 ng/mL博落回组均极显著高于150 ng/mL博落回组(P<0.01)。土霉素组IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。100 ng/mL博落回组应激细胞IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。3)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,与对照组相比,添加博落回提取物50、100、150 ng/mL均极显著提高SOD mRNA表达量(P<0.01)。土霉素组SOD mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组和博落回组(P<0.01)。各组应激细胞SOD mRNA表达量均显著或极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。综合各项指标,博落回提取物可提高LPS应激细胞IgG、NO和LSZ的含量及NOS活性,提高应激细胞和正常细胞IgG和SOD mRNA的表达量,总体效果优于土霉素,较好的添加浓度为50～100 ng/mL。

水稻(Dryza sativa L．)秸秆浸提液对铜绿微囊藻(Microcysti aeruginosa)的抑制作用

用刚收割的水稻(Oryza sativa L．)秸秆浸提液代替水配制培养基培养铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa),追踪测定微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、膜透性、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、光合膜自发荧光强度等相关生理生化指标的变化,研究水稻秸秆浸液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用．结果表明,质量比≥1/100(水稻秸秆/水)的水稻秸秆浸提液对微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现如下:藻细胞生物量在实验过程中逐日降低,藻细胞叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,膜透性迅速升高,细胞光合膜自发荧光强度显著衰减．用不同的有机溶剂对该浸提液进行萃取,浓缩后用滤纸片法在固体培养基上做抑藻实验,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取液能明显看到抑藻圈,证实其中含有抑制物质．

滇池铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa Ktz)的分离培养与总DNA提取的改进

利用稀释法结合平板分离培养法将采自滇池水华中的铜绿微囊藻进行了成功的分离纯化 .对比纯化培养前后 ,发现纯化后该藻的生长速度明显加快 ,密度大为提高 ,约为纯化前的 5倍 .用乙醇乙醚混合液对该藻作预处理后 ,破坏了其胶质被 ,再经常规方法提取总DNA ,其得率提高 3- 4倍 .

不同提取方法的黄芩制剂体外抗柯萨奇病毒B_(3m)和保护细胞作用的比较研究

目的研究采用两种不同的提取方法得到两种黄芩制剂,探讨其抗病毒和保护细胞的作用机制。方法采用微量细胞培养法,观察细胞病变和MTT法检测细胞活性。结果根据上述两种检测方法,两组药物的预防保护率无显著性差异(P>0·05);两组药物均有明显的保护病毒感染后细胞作用,而黄芩粗提物组在1/2TD0浓度时治疗保护率明显高于黄芩精提物组,有显著性差异(P<0·05)。HPLC测定黄芩粗提物组具有色谱峰数量多,而黄芩精提物组的色谱峰明显少于黄芩粗提物组;黄芩粗提物中黄芩苷为质量分数2·691%,而黄芩精提物中黄芩苷中质量分数为3·826%。药物浓度在最大无毒浓度(TD0)时,黄芩粗提物中黄芩苷为0·042g·L-1;而黄芩精提物中黄芩苷为0·048g·L-1。两组药物中TD0时黄芩苷含量相似。结论黄芩精提物直接灭活病毒作用不明显,黄芩粗提物制剂中除黄芩精提物主要成分之外的其他成分可能具有直接灭活病毒作用。黄芩粗提物和精提物两种制剂均具有明显治疗作用,黄芩精提物主要成分黄芩苷可能起到重要作用,除黄芩精提物主要成分黄芩苷外的其他黄酮类成分也可能发挥了作用。

消脱止-M治疗慢性下肢静脉功能不全的多中心临床观察

目的:观察消脱止-M对慢性下肢静脉功能不全(chronic venous insufficiency,CVI)的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:采用多中心开放、随机临床研究,对180例下肢静脉功能不全的患者予以口服消脱止-M,连续服用60d。4片/次,3次/d。儿童患者用量减半。观察服药后30d和60d临床症状改善程度。结果:口服消脱止-M,能够明显减轻患肢肿胀和疼痛(P<0.001),明显加快患肢溃疡的愈合速度(P<0.001)。用药60d时,临床症状改善更明显。未出现需要减量或停药的不良反应。结论:消脱止-M治疗慢性下肢静脉功能不全疗效显著、安全可靠。

基于非线性偏鲁棒M-回归的萃余液pH值软测量

提出了一种径向基函数网络(Radial basis functio nnetworks,RBFNs)与偏鲁棒M-回归(Partial robust M-regression,PRM)相结合的非线性PRM(Nonlinear PRM,NLPRM)建模方法,用以解决鲁棒非线性系统建模问题.该方法首先通过RBF变换获得扩展的输入数据矩阵;接下来PRM算法通过反复迭代计算,自适应地为变换后的数据分配不同的连续权值,用以克服离群点对模型的影响.本文通过仿真实验,验证了方法的有效性;并将其应用于湿法冶金萃取过程萃余液pH值软测量建模问题,获得了相比于偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)、PRM以及RBF-PLS方法更高的预测精度.

鱼腥草提取物对慢阻肺大鼠肺组织ACE2及p38MAPK通路的影响

目的:探究鱼腥草提取物对慢阻肺大鼠肺组织血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)及p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)通路的影响。方法:清洁级SD大鼠60只,随机分为空白组、模型组、富露施组及鱼腥草水提物低、中、高剂量组,各10只。除空白组外大鼠通过烟熏和脂多糖(LPS)气道滴入方法建立慢阻肺模型,空白组大鼠不做任何处理。第2次注射LPS后起,鱼腥草水提物低、中、高剂量组每天给药量分别为0.27g/200g、0.54g/200g、1.08g/200g,富露施组为10.8g/200g,其余两组给予等量蒸馏水。给药4周后,测定大鼠用力肺活量(FVC)、第0.1秒用力呼气容积(FEV0.1)和呼气峰流速(PEF);统计肺泡灌洗液白细胞数目及各分类比;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肺组织病理变化;蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测肺组织ACE2、p38MAPK、p-p38MAPK水平。结果:造模后大鼠FVC、FEV0.1、PEF水平较空白组均显著降低(P<0.05),富露施、鱼腥草水提物干预后FVC、FEV0.1、PEF水平较模型组均显著升高(P<0.05),且有剂量依赖关系。模型组肺泡灌洗液白细胞数较空白组显著升高(P<0.05),经富露施、中及高剂量鱼腥草水提物干预后白细胞数较模型组显著下降(P<0.05),但仍高于空白组(P<0.05);各组间巨噬细胞比率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组、富露施组和鱼腥草水提物低剂量组淋巴细胞比率较空白组显著下降(P<0.05);造模后中性粒细胞比率较空白组均显著升高(P<0.05),各治疗组中性粒细胞比率较模型组均显著降低(P<0.05)。HE染色发现,模型组支气管壁有大量炎性细胞附着,气管黏膜上皮坏死、脱落、杂乱,杯状细胞及腺体显著增生;富露施、鱼腥草水提物干预后支气管炎症及破坏程度明显较轻。Western blot结果显示,模型组肺组织ACE2水平较空白组显著升高(P<0.05),富露施、鱼腥草水提物干预后ACE2水平较模型组显著升高(P<0.05);各组大鼠肺组织p38MAPK水平无显著差异(P>0.05);模型组肺组织p-p38MAPK水平较空白组显著升高(P<0.05),富露施、鱼腥草水提物干预后p-p38MAPK水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:鱼腥草水提物能明显减轻慢阻肺大鼠的肺脏损伤程度,其机制可能与ACE2活化及p38MAPK通路受到抑制有关。

基于小波Hilbert包络分析与M-距离函数判别的滚动轴承故障诊断

振动信号是反映滚动轴承故障的显著信号之一。将测得的振动信号进行小波分析变换到时频域,对其高频成分加以提取并进行Hilbert包络功率谱分析,以各频段的能量和为特征量,建立M-距离判别函数来识别滚动轴承故障类型。通过实验分析结果表明该方法取得了较好地实验效果。

萃取沉淀法制备纳米TiO_2及其对活性红M-3BE的降解研究

采用萃取沉淀法制备TiO2,并以其作为催化剂降解活性红M 3BE。通过正交实验考察了催化剂用量、pH值、光照时间对活性红M 3BE光催化脱色的影响;研究了活性红M 3BE的初始浓度以及Na+、K+、Cl-和SO2-4等对活性红M 3BE光催化降解的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:pH=4,催化剂用量0 8g/L,反应时间80min。在此条件下脱色率为89%,COD去除率为71%。在酸性条件下,脱色效果优于碱性条件,并且盐离子对脱色率几乎无影响。而在碱性条件下,盐离子对脱色率影响较大。温度对光降解反应影响很小,可以忽略。降解过程遵循准一级动力学方程。

采用L-M算法的JPEG图像隐写分析

提出了一种针对JPEG图像的通用隐写分析系统。首先对实验图像提取其在小波域的细节部分和近似部分系数的特征函数矩和实验图像的第一层小波分解后的对角子带D1再次进行分解所得到的细节部分和近似部分系数的特征函数矩作特征的有效性分析,通过对有效特征的选择和提取,得到一组训练集合,最后采用基于L-M算法的BP神经网络来进行分类。实验结果表明,这是一种有效的、高精度的盲检测方法,能够准确识别出JPEG图像是否含有隐密信息。