A new spirostanol saponin from the rhizomes of Paris mairei

A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, named maireioside A （1）, together with three known steroidal saponins, hypoglaucin G （2）, parisaponin I （3）, and diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→2）]-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris mairei. The structure elucidation was accomplished by 1D and 2D NMR methods, HR-ESI-MS, and hydrolysis. C 2009 Qiang Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Two new secolignans from the roots of Urtica mairei Levi.

Two new secolignans （1 and 2） were isolated from the roots of Urtica mairei Levi. The structures of these two compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including HR-EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

A new caffeic ester from Incarvillea mairei var.granditlora (Wehrhahn) Grierson

A new cafferic ester, （＋）-2-（1-hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl） ethyl caffeate, was isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of the whole plants of Incarvillea mairei var. granditlora （Wehrhahn） Grierson. The structure of the compound was established by spectroscopic methods.

Optimization of Cell Line Building for Taxus chinensis var. mairei

[Objective] The paper aims to optimize the abduction and domestication conditions of Taxus chinensis var.Mairei callus.[Method] We compared the efficiencies of callus between different explants and investigated the multiplication conditions of callus and suspended cell culture conditions with the buds,young stems and young leaves from T.chinensis var as the explants.[Results] The effect was the best with the bud as the explants; the best way for sterilizing the explants of T.chinensis var mairei was：streptomycin detergent for 2 h ＋ suds for 3 h ＋ 75% alcohol disinfection for 30 s ＋ 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 min ＋ 1‰ mercury chloride for 10 min; the optimum formula of callus subculture was：B5 ＋ 4.0 mg/L NAA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D ＋ 0.2 mg/L GA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 2 g/L AC.[Conclusion] This research built the high efficient regeneration system of T.chinensis var.

南方红豆杉(Taxus Chinensis Var.Mairei)叶片膜保护系统与温度的关系

以缙云山麓的南方红豆杉为材料 ,研究了其叶片低温半致死温度及膜保护系统随气温下降的变化 .结果表明 ,低温半致死温度降低的同时 ,SOD、POX活性增强 ,VC 含量增加 ,使膜保护系统清除活性氧的能力加强 ,O2· - 水平降低 ,MDA含量下降 。

Effects of Piriformospora indica on the Respiration of Taxus chinensis var.mairei under Water Stress

Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress.The materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or without inoculation with P.indica.Each group was subjected to four different levels of water stress.Vitality and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of T.chinensis var.mairei were regularly measured.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei had significantly decreased root vitality;root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated roots.Under intense water stress,the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated roots.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased,whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase increased.The inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated roots.As water stress was further intensified,the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated roots.This study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of T.chinensis var.mairei,thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress.

A New Abeotaxane Diterpenoid from the Seeds of Taxus mairei

A new abeotaxane was isolated from the seeds of Taxus mairei. Its structure was determined to be 2α, 5α, 13α-trihydroxy-7β, 10β-diacetoxy-2（3→20） abeotaxa-4（20）, 11-dien-9- one on the basis of 1D and 2D spectral analysis.

Improved Production of Paclitaxel from Suspension Culture of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by in situ Extraction with Organic Solvents

The production of paclitaxel from suspension culture of Taxus chinensis var,mairei was improved by in situ extraction with organic solvents to avoid feedback repression and product degradation.Oleic acid and dibutyl phthalate were proved to be suitable solvents .The optimal volumetric percentage of organic solvents in the culture medium was found to be around 8%,and the favorable time for their introduction was at the exponential phase of cell growth,Paclitaxel production with the in situ extraction was ca 3-fold of that without extraction.

STUDIES ON NEW ALKALOIDS OF STEMONA MAIREI

Two new alkaloids, maistemonine and oxymaistemonine were isolated from the roots of $temona mairei collected from Yunnan Province, southwest of China. Their structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR techniques including ~1H-~1H COSY, ^(13)C-~1H-COSY, NOESY and other spectral analyses.

Three Novel Bicyclic Taxoids from the Needles of the Chinensis yew, Taxus chinensis var mairei

Three novel bicyclic taxane diterpenoids with the rare 6/12-membered rings wereisolated from the need ies of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The structures were established with the help of 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.

Dynamic Effects of Cerium on Syntheses of Soluble Protein and Taxol in Suspension Culture of Taxus Chinensis Var. Mairei Cells

The dynamic effects of Ce4+ on the syntheses of soluble protein and taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cells were studied. The phenomena of 'partition' and 'bifurcation' were observed in studying the dynamic effect of Ce4+ on soluble protein synthesis and cell activity. That is, Ce4+ of low concentration improves the soluble protein synthetic strength and cell activity, while Ce4+ of high concentration is harmful to protein synthesis and cell activity. In addition, Ce4+ of appropriate concentration enhances taxol synthesis.

Effects of Stratification and Hormone Treatments on Germination and Physio-Biochemical Properties of <i>Taxus chinensis var. mairei</i>Seed

In order to learn dormancy mechanism of Taxtts chinensis var. mairei seed, effects of stratification and hormone treatments on physiological and biochemical indexes of the seeds after stratifying for eight months were researched. The content of amylase activity and soluble sugar gradually increased at first stratification, and then to the maximum for the end of after-ripening period. With the dormancy of seed relieving, some soluble sugar of endosperm was used or consumed by respiration and that led to their content decreased. Seed soluble protein was gradually accumulated at the beginning of stratification and then the initial raw material of protein synthesis of embryo during development had been used or in part converted into carbohydrates for energy consumption, so that the soluble protein content decreased. The fat and starch content slowly decreased during stratification, which showed that the storage of material had continually carrying out catabolism and conversion, which might provide energy sources for seed germination in the stratification process. The peroxidase activity of Taxus seeds increased gradually at the beginning of stratification, and then reached maximum point during stratification for 4 months in A1 and A2. The G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH joint activity was rapidly increased to reach the maximum during stratification for 4 months in A1, which showed the pentose phosphate pathway was activated at this time. The peroxidase activity rapidly increased might also be related to respiratory metabolic pathway during stratification. In plants, acid phosphatase hydrolyze PAM metabolites, namely phosphate material was related to energy metabolism, especially to high-energy phosphate, and phosphate enzyme activity changes affected the energy metabolism. The acid phosphatase activity of Taxus seeds in different treatments has no significant changes during stratification process, but there were two maximums. Energy metabolism might get benefit from the increase of acid phosphatase activity. There were significant differences in amylase activity, peroxidase activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein content with different treatments. Effect of promoting seed germination soaked by GA before stratification was obvious, but the concentration of GA should not be too high. The high concentration of GA caused seed to rot and reduce the seed germination rate. In this study, the highest germination rate of seed was 71.8% and soaked in 200 mg·L-1 gibberellin.

昆明地区的光叶石栎(Lithocarpusmairei)群落

光叶石栎(Lithocarpus mairei)分布滇中高原山地,耐干旱贫瘠,比较适合于山脊(海拔约2500m)荒地造林。光叶石栎群落是为数不多的一种硬叶常绿阔叶林,它的成分复杂,演替稳定,在实现绿色的防火线构想上有独特的作用。

Comparison of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Taxus chinensis var.mairei Seedlings Root under Waterlogging Stress in Different Substrates

Four different ratios of river sand,ceramic pellets,vermiculite and perlite(1:1),and field soil were selected as the substrates in this experiment,and four gradient levels of root waterlogging,half waterlogging,full waterlogging and normal were set to investigate the effects of different gradients of waterlogging stress on the root morphology of Taxus chinensis var.mairei seedlings under different substrates.In this study,the root anatomical structure of Taxus chinensis var.mairei under different waterlogging stress was observed by the paraffin section method.The roots of T.chinensis var.mairei were diarch,with no pith and resin canals.There was a large number of tannins in the pericycle of the aerial adventitious roots of seedlings adapted to waterlogging.Also,the endodermis has obvious casparian strip thickening,and there were 4-5 layers of large parenchymatous cells in the close to the inner side of the pericycle in the vascular cylinder,which could increase the storage capacity,and transport capacity of the root.Under the treatment of root waterlogging stress,the development of plant roots in the mixed substrate of vermiculite and,perlite was the earliest.Under half waterlogging stress,T.chinensis var.mairei seedlings treated with various substrates all could better adapt to the environment of waterlogging stress.Under the stress of fully waterlogging,the roots of seedlings planted in river sand substrate developed secondary growth.

TWO NEW AFZELECHIN GLYCOSIDES FROM-ARTHROMERIS MAIREI

Two new afzelechin glycosides,arthromerin A(1)and B(2),have been isolated from the root of Arthromeris mairei(Brause)Ching.Their structur- es were determined by means of their spectral and chemical evidence.

金沙江流域4种特有植物野生资源现状及受威胁等级评估

物种受威胁状况的及时评估是调整物种濒危状态,继而实施有效保护措施的重要依据。该文以金沙江流域特有植物贯叶马兜铃(Aristolochia delavayi)、旱地木槿(Hibiscus aridicola)、云南百部(Stemona mairei)和白魔芋(Amorphophallus albus)为调查评估对象,通过多年野外调查,依据《IUCN物种红色名录等级和标准:3.1版》和《使用指南:15.1版》对4物种的濒危现状进行了重新分析和评估。结果表明,在现有野生种群资源下贯叶马兜铃被列为易危(VU),旱地木槿和白魔芋被列为濒危(EN),云南百部为近危(NT)。与4物种现行濒危等级的比较表明,贯叶马兜铃的濒危等级由濒危降级为易危,旱地木槿由易危上调为濒危,白魔芋由近危上调为濒危,云南百部的濒危状态则维持不变。这为4种特有植物的野生资源现状了解、濒危状态更新以及适时调整有效保护策略提供了科学参考。

Microsatellite loci from Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Taxaceae), an endangered and economically important tree species in China

Taxus chinensis var.mairei is an endangered and economically important tree species in China.Four polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and characterized using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)of sequences containing repeats(FIASCO)protocol.Polymorphism of each locus was quantified for five natural populations from Hubei Province,China.The number of alleles per locus varied from 6 to 24.The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.493–1.000 and 0.440–0.845,respectively.These are the first microsatellites reported for the family of Taxaceae and will be helpful for the ongoing population and conservation genetics research of Taxus chinensis var.mairei.

中国红豆杉扦插繁殖试验

为解决中国红豆杉扦插困难的问题,对不同外源激素、质量浓度及浸泡时间对中国红豆杉在河沙基质中扦插生根的影响进行了研究,为中国红豆杉的扦插繁殖技术提供数据及理论支持。选取10年生红豆杉、1年生枝条为试验材料,采用正交试验L9(3~4)设计,用不同质量浓度的ABT-1、IBA、NAA等3种外源激素分别浸泡10 s、30 min、5 h,在河沙基质中进行扦插,测定中国红豆杉成活率、生根率、平均生根、平均根长最长根长、根系效果指数等各项指标,运用极差、方差及主成分分析,筛选出适合中国红豆杉扦插生根的最佳组合。结果表明:1年生中国红豆杉枝条用质量浓度1000 mg/L的NAA浸蘸10 s(A3B3C2)成活率、生根率、平均根长、最长根长均最高,200 mg/L ABT-1浸泡30 min枝条根系效果指数最高,用质量浓度为500 mg/L ABT-1浸蘸10 s(A1B2C2)平均生根条数最多。综合分析表明A1B1C1组合为中国红豆杉扦插生根效果的最佳组合。

美丽芍药单萜苷类成分及其生物活性研究

目的研究美丽芍药Paeonia mairei Levl.的化学成分和生物活性研究。方法美丽芍药70%乙醇提取物采用柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。对其中成分进行体外激动褪黑素受体1活性、抗炎和细胞毒性、抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性研究。结果从中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为芍药苷(1)、氧化芍药苷(2)、没食子酰芍药苷(3)、芍药内酯苷(4)、6-O-benzoyl paeoniflorin(5)、benzoyl oxypaeoniflorin(6)、mudanpioside C(7)、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖(8)、邻苯三酚(9)、蔗糖(10)、paeonidanin E(11)。化合物1~8在100μmol/L浓度下对褪黑素受体1均无活性,在5~100μmol/L浓度范围内无细胞毒作用和抗炎活性。在200μmol/L浓度作用下,五没食子酰葡萄糖和没食子酰芍药苷有一定的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性,该酶活率分别为(65.98±3.46)%、(74.17±2.13)%。结论化合物2~11为首次从该植物中分离得到。

濒危植物南方红豆杉种群生命表及谱分析

Based on the investigation in Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve and the theory of survival analysis,a static life table of Taxus chinensis var. mairei population was worked out,the curves of its survival rate,mortality rate and killing power were drawn,and the population dynamics was analyzed by spectral analysis.The results showed that the survival curve of the population appeared to be a type of Deevey Ⅲ,and the high mortality of seeding was one of the important reasons which caused Taxus chinensis var. mairei to be endangered.The spectral analysis of the population showed that there was a marked periodic regularity in the process of natural regeneration of Taxus chinensis var. mairei .