Extended Lorenz majorization and frequencies of distances in an undirected network

Purpose:To contribute to the study of networks and graphs.Design/methodology/approach:We apply standard mathematical thinking.Findings:We show that the distance distribution in an undirected network Lorenz majorizes the one of a chain.As a consequence,the average and median distances in any such network are smaller than or equal to those of a chain.Research limitations:We restricted our investigations to undirected,unweighted networks.Practical implications:We are convinced that these results are useful in the study of small worlds and the so-called six degrees of separation property.Originality/value:To the best of our knowledge our research contains new network results,especially those related to frequencies of distances.

From Theoretical Grammar to Grammatical Competence:An Empirical Study

In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts the traditional mode of grammar teaching,including knowledge presentation,grammar exercises,and grammatical competence production,which will inevitably lead to time consumption and low efficiency in grammar learning.This study is about cultivating English majors'grammatical competence through the theoretical mode of grammar teaching.The research results show that the theoretical mode of grammar teaching helps cultivate learners'grammatical competence.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

Error Analysis of English Pronunciation Acquisition by Chinese Non-English Majors

Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,lead to confusion of phonemes and stress,misunderstanding of syllable structure,and errors of assimilation,drop,and epenthesis.The accuracy of English pronunciation can only be improved by knowing both English and Chinese phonological systems,strengthening the teaching of English phonological knowledge,and adopting various phonological training activities.

The Impact of Street Interviews on Chinese EFL Undergraduates’Intercultural Communicative Competence

The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.

Analytical method for cell displacement defect quantum-dot cellular automata primitive

Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is an emerging computational paradigm which can overcome scaling limitations of the existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.The existence of defects cannot be ignored,considering the fabrication of QCA devices at the molecular level where it could alter the functionality.Therefore,defects in QCA devices need to be analyzed.So far,the simulation-based displacement defect analysis has been presented in the literature,which results in an increased demand in the corresponding mathematical model.In this paper,the displacement defect analysis of the QCA main primitive,majority voter(MV),is presented and carried out both in simulation and mathematics,where the kink energy based mathematical model is applied.The results demonstrate that this model is valid for the displacement defect in QCA MV.

Research on the Cultivation of Innovative Talents in Software Engineering Based on the OBE Concept

Under the background of New Engineering,focusing on talent cultivation,this article explores the teaching reform and innovation of software engineering majors.Starting from the goal of cultivating software engineering talents in the context of New Engineering,the concept of outcome-based education is introduced to study and explore the construction of innovative talent training models for software engineering majors in universities.Through recent years’application practice,initial results have been achieved,which can provide feasible methods and ideas for the cultivation of innovative talents in other majors.

N×N Clos Digital Cross-Connect Switch Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)

Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA)technology is emerging as a future technology which designs the digital circuits at quantum levels.The tech-nology has gained popularity in terms of designing digital circuits,which occupy very less area and less power dissipation in comparison to the present comple-mentary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.For designing the rou-ters at quantum levels with non-blocking capabilities various multi-stage networks have been proposed.This manuscript presents the design of the N×NClos switch matrix as a multistage interconnecting network using quantum-dot cellular automata technology.The design of the Clos switch matrix presented in the article uses three input majority gates(MG).To design the 4×4 Clos switch matrix,a basic 2×2 switch architecture has been proposed as a basic mod-ule.The 2×2 switching matrix(SM)design presented in the manuscript utilizes three input majority gates.Also,the 2×2 SM has been proposed usingfive input majority gates.Two different approaches(1&2)have been presented for designing 2×2 SM usingfive input majority gates.The 2×2 SM design based on three input majority gate utilizes four zone clocking scheme to allow signal transmis-sion.Although,the clocking scheme used in 2×2 SM using three input MG and in 2×2 SM approach 1 usingfive input MG is conventional.The 2×2 SM approach 2 design,utilizes the clocking scheme in which clocks can be applied by electricfield generators easily and in turn the switch element becomes physically realizable.The simulation results conclude that the 2×2 SM is suitable for designing a 4×4 Clos network.A higher order of input-output switching matrix,supporting more number of users can utilize the proposed designs.

Exploration and Practice of Cultivation Pathway of Agricultural Professionals under the Background of Rural Revitalization

The comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy puts forward new requirements for agricultural professionals.In the context of rural revitalization,local vocational colleges should adjust their cultivation models for agricultural professionals in accordance with industrial development,and propose effective cultivation paths from four aspects:building a reasonable and scientific professional structure system,optimizing the construction of teaching staff,strengthening the construction of school-enterprise platforms,and consolidating the"three rural"sentiment,in order to better serve the local economy,strive to cultivate more rural revitalization talents for society,and ensure the maximum adaptation to the development requirements of China s new rural construction.

Paths for Integrating Local Red Culture into Ideological and Political Courses of Agronomy Majors

Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.

Oral English Autonomous Learning Ability of English Majors Under the Background of the Internet and Its Improvement

The Internet is an important means of communication for contemporary college students,especially those majoring in English,to acquire knowledge about information and improve their oral proficiency.However,research on the relevant oral English autonomous learning ability of English majors shows that the overall learning situation is not satisfying.Based on the development of the concept of autonomous learning,this article explores the current situation and existing problems in oral English autonomous learning of English majors under the context of the Internet,and proposes corresponding autonomous learning strategies for improving their oral English skill.

ANALYTIC INVARIANT CURVES OF A NONLINEAR SECOND ORDER DIFFERENCE EQUATION

This article studies the existence of analytic invariant curves for a nonlinear second order difference equation which was modeled from macroeconomics of the business cycle. The author not only discusses the case of the eigenvalue off the unit circle S^1 and the case on S^1 with the Diophantine condition but also considers the case of the eigenvalue at a root of the unity, which obviously violates the Diophantine condition.

LOCAL ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS OF A MORE GENERALIZED DHOMBRES EQUATION

We study the local analytic solutions f of the functional equation f（ψ（zf（z））） = φ（f（z）） for z in some neighborhood of the origin. Whether the solution f vanishes at z = 0 or not plays a critical role for local analytic solutions of this equation. In this paper, we obtain results of analytic solutions not only in the case f（0） = 0 but also for f（0） ≠ 0. When assuming f（0） = 0, for technical reasons, we just get the result for f′（0）≠ 0. Then when assuming f（0） = ω0 ≠ 0, ψ（0） = s # 0, ψ（z） is analytic at z = 0 and ψ（z） is analytic at z = ω0, we give the existence of local analytic solutions f in the case of 0 〈 ｜sω0｜ 〈 1 and the case of ｜sω0｜ = 1 with the Brjuno condition.

Research into the Application of Cooperative Learning to English Reading Teaching of Art Majors in Independent Colleges

This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is implemented based on these literature re-views.The aim of the experiment is to explore the impact of the application of cooperative learning strategies.It mainly discussedthe following questions:(1)Can the group cooperative learning improve students'reading achievement?(2)What factors contributeto the success/failure of cooperative learning?(3)What are the favorite cooperative learning models in reading classes?The experi-ment proved that cooperative learning does not truly improve art students’reading achievement in independent college,but it real-ly has a positive role in promoting the students'learning interest,motivation and emotional attitude.The experiment also indicatesthat cooperative learning is still a valuable teaching strategy for applying,and GI,LT,TGT and other cooperative learning modelare welcomed by classmates.

Whole Person Education of English Majors through English Public Speaking

English public speaking proves to play a significant role in the speaker's whole person education, which has been gaining increasing attention among scholars at home and abroad. The paper analyzes possible relations between them and argues that great importance and awareness are supposed to be attached to the development and promotion of English public speaking especially among English majors for them to be more versatile and more competitive both in job markets and in work places.

Re ned rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition

In this article,some new rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition un-der normwise or componentwise perturbations for a given matrix are derived.Also,the explicit expressions for the mixed and componentwise condition numbers are presented by utilizing the block matrix-vector equation approach.Hypothetical and trial results demonstrate that these new bounds are constantly more tightly than the comparing ones in the literature.

Some Characterizations of Bloch Functions

We define Bloch-type functions of C;（D） on the unit disk of complex plane C and characterize them in terms of weighted Lipschitz functions. We also discuss the boundedness of a composition operator C;acting between two Bloch-type spaces.These obtained results generalize the corresponding known ones to the setting of C;（D）.

Interval Analytic Method in Existence Result for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation

Without the usual assumption of monotonicity, we establish some results on the theory of hyperbolic differential inequalities which enable us to produce a majorising interval function for the solution of the hyperbolic initial value problem. Using this function, a variation of parameters formula and interval iterative technique, the existence of solution to the problem is established.

The Application of Metacognitive Strategies in PE & Art Majors'College English Reading Practice

During the active process of reading, strategies involved will affect the process of reading comprehension, and the reader should intentionally regulate and control the reading process and adopt appropriate strategies to solve the problems during it. The purpose of this paper is to determine the use of metacognitive strategies in reading by the PE & Art majors through questionnaire. According to the result of the questionnaire, the PE & Art majors do use some metacognitive strategies in their reading, while nearly half of them do not often use metacognitive strategies in their reading. For this phenomenon, the author gives some constructive suggestions for the English majors about how to apply the metacognitive strategies in their reading: 1) preparing and planning in pre-reading; 2) monitoring and self-questioning in while-reading; 3) evaluating and adjusting in post-reading.

Two-step Design of Critical Control Systems Using Disturbance Cancellation Integral Controllers

An efficient critical control system design is proposed in this paper. The key idea is to decompose the design problem into two simpler design steps by the technique used in the classical loop transfer recovery method （LTR）. The disturbance cancellation integral controller is used as a basic controller. Since the standard loop transfer recovery method cannot be applied to the disturbance cancellation controller, the nonstandard version recently found is used for the decomposition. Exogenous inputs with constraints both on the amplitude and rate of change are considered. The majorant approach is taken to obtain the analytical sufficient matching conditions. A numerical design example is presented to illustrate the effiectiveness of the proposed design.