Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects the photooxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelium cells by regulating sphingolipid signaling and inhibiting MAPK pathway

Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G)is the most common anthocyanin in dark grains and berries and is a food functional factor to improve visual health.However,the mechanisms of C3G on blue light-induced retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cell photooxidative damage needs further exploration.We investigated the effects of C3G on blue light-irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells and explored whether sphingolipid,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and mitochondria-mediated pathways are involved in this mechanism.Blue light irradiation led to mitochondria and lysosome damage in RPE cells,whereas C3G preserved mitochondrial morphology and function and maintained the lysosomal integrity.C3G suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK and mitochondria-mediated pathways to inhibit RPE cell apoptosis.Lipidomics data showed that C3G protected RPE cells against blue light-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis by maintaining sphingolipids balance.C3G significantly inhibited ceramide(Cer d18:0/15:0,Cer d18:0/16:0 and Cer d18:0/18:0)accumulation and elevated galactosylceramide(GalCer d18:1/15:0 and GalCer d18:1/16:0)levels in the irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells.Furthermore,C3G attenuated cell membrane damage by increasing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine levels.C3G inhibited apoptosis and preserved the structure of mitochondria and lysosome by regulating sphingolipid signaling and suppression of MAPK activation in RPE cells.Thus,dietary supplementation of C3G prevents retinal photooxidative damage.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

Yangyin Huowei mixture alleviates chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway

BACKGROUND The Chinese medicine Yangyin Huowei mixture(YYHWM)exhibits good clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG),but the mechanisms underlying its activity remain unclear.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of YYHWM and its underlying mechanisms in a CAG rat model.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control,model,vitacoenzyme,and low,medium,and high-dose YYHWM groups.CAG was induced in rats using Nmethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,ranitidine hydrochloride,hunger and satiety perturbation,and ethanol gavage.Following an 8-wk intervention period,stomach samples were taken,stained,and examined for histopathological changes.ELISA was utilized to quantify serum levels of PG-I,PG-II,G-17,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α.Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3.RESULTS The model group showed gastric mucosal layer disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration.Compared with the blank control group,serum levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17 in the model group were significantly reduced(82.41±3.53 vs 38.52±1.71,23.06±0.96 vs 11.06±0.70,and 493.09±12.17 vs 225.52±17.44,P<0.01 for all),whereas those of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased(30.15±3.07 vs 80.98±4.47,69.05±12.72 vs 110.85±6.68,and 209.24±11.62 vs 313.37±36.77,P<0.01 for all),and the protein levels of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3 were higher in gastric mucosal tissues(0.47±0.10 vs 1.11±0.09,0.49±0.05 vs 0.99±0.07,and 0.24±0.05 vs 1.04±0.14,P<0.01 for all).Compared with the model group,high-dose YYHWM treatment significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue damage,increased the levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17(38.52±1.71 vs 50.41±3.53,11.06±0.70 vs 15.33±1.24,and 225.52±17.44 vs 329.22±29.11,P<0.01 for all),decreased the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(80.98±4.47 vs 61.56±4.02,110.85±6.68 vs 89.20±8.48,and 313.37±36.77 vs 267.30±9.31,P<0.01 for all),and evidently decreased the protein levels of IL-10 and STAT3 in gastric mucosal tissues(1.11±0.09 vs 0.19±0.07 and 1.04±0.14 vs 0.55±0.09,P<0.01 for both).CONCLUSION YYHWM reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway,alleviating gastric mucosal damage,and enhancing gastric secretory function,thereby ameliorating CAG development and cancer transformation.

Oleanolic acid inhibits colon cancer cell stemness and reverses chemoresistance by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that impacts colon cancer(CC)cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:The cytotoxic effect of OA alone or OA-5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)combination on normal and CC cells was analyzed by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT).Then,the impact of OA on CC cell lines(LoVo and HT-29)proliferation and stemness were measured using colon formation and tumorsphere formation assays.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),Prominin-1(CD133),Nanog,and transcription factor SOX-2(SOX2)are cell stemness-related indicators whose expression was assessed usingfluorescence qPCR assay,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The effect of OA on the proliferative potency of CC cells was evaluated using an in vivo model.Results:The stem-like characteristics and clone production of colon cancer cells were markedly reduced by OA alone or in combination with OA-5-FU.Moreover,OA increases the susceptibility of CC cells to 5-FU by blocking the cell stemness-related markers(CD133,Nanog,SOX2,and Oct4)expression levels both in vitro and in vivo,as well as by inactivating the activator of transcription 3(STAT3 signaling)and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer(JAK2).Conclusion:Thesefindings imply that oleanolic acid,both in vitro and in vivo,suppresses the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which in turn reverses chemoresistance and decreases colon cancer cell stemness.Therefore,by reducing the recommended amount of 5-FU,this strategy may improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness and minimize undesired side effects.

MiR-204-3p overexpression inhibits gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway and RIP1/MLK1 necroptosis pathway to promote apoptosis

BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma(GC)is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death,highlighting the pressing need for novel clinical treatment options.In this regard,microRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy.Studies have shown that miRNAs can regulate related signaling pathways,acting as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters.AIM To explore the effect of miR-204-3p on GC cells.METHODS We measured the expression levels of miR-204-3p in GC cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,followed by the delivery of miR-204-3p overexpression and miR-204-3p knockdown vectors into GC cells.CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of miR-204-3p on the proliferation of GC cells,and the colony formation ability of GC cells was detected by the clonal formation assay.The effects of miR-204-3p on GC cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The BABL/c nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model using MKN-45 cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-204-3p on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Furthermore,the study investigated the effects of miR-204-3p on various proteins related to the MAPK signaling pathway,necroptosis signaling pathway and apoptosis signaling pathway on GC cells using Western blot techniques.RESULTS Firstly,we found that the expression of miR-204-3p in GC was low.When treated with the lentivirus overexpression vector,miR-204-3p expression significantly increased,but the lentivirus knockout vector had no significant effect on miR-204-3p.In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-204-3p overexpression inhibited GC cell viability,promoted cell apoptosis,blocked the cell cycle,and inhibited colony formation ability.In vivo animal experiments confirmed that miR-204-3p overexpression inhibited subcutaneous tumorigenesis ability in BABL/c nude mice.Simultaneously,our results verified that miR-204-3p overexpression can inhibit GC cell proliferation by inhibiting protein expression levels of KRAS and p-ERK1/2 in the MAPK pathway,as well as inhibiting protein expression levels of p-RIP1 and p-MLK1 in the necroptosis pathway to promote the BCL-2/BAX/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway.CONCLUSION MiR-204-3p overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway and necroptosis pathway to promote apoptosis of GC cells.Thus,miR-204-3p may represent a new potential therapeutic target for GC.

Effects of plumbagin on migration and invasion of human hepatoma cell line via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Objective:To study the effect of plumbagin(PL)on the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:The cell counting kit(CCK-8)was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of plumbagin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells.The effect of plumbagin on the migration ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell migration test,and the effect of on the invasion ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by Transwell invasion test.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase-2 and related proteins in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in Huh-7 and LM3 cells.Results:Plumbagin could inhibit the proliferation of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.Plumbagin inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a concentration dependent manner,and it can down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin and MMP-2 protein,up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin protein,and inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Plumbagin can inhibit the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells,and the molecular mechanism of this process may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation.

Morroniside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in iris pigment epithelial cells through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of morroniside(Mor)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated iris pigment epithelial cells(IPE).METHODS:IPE cells were induced by LPS and treated with Mor.Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit(CCK)-8,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits,and the protein expression of TLR4,JAK2,p-JAK2,STAT3,and p-STAT3 was analyzed by Western blotting.In addition,overexpression of TLR4 and Mor treatment of LPS-stimulated IPE cells were also tested for the above indices.RESULTS:Mor effectively promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of LPS-treated IPE cells.In addition,Mor significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 and significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in LPS-treated IPE cells.The effect of Mor on LPS-treated IPE cells was markedly attenuated after overexpression of TLR4.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that Mor may ameliorate LPS-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPE through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

To explore the mechanism of Dahuang Lingxian Formula in relieving inflammatory response of bile duct cells based on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway

Objective:To explore the mechanism of action of Dahuang Lingxian Formula in alleviating the inflammatory response of bile duct cells in LPS-induced intrahepatic bile duct inflammation model rats based on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,blank group,model group,choling tablets(0.5 g/kg),and low and high concentration groups(2.4 g/kg and 4.8 g/kg)of Dahuang Lingxian Formula,ten rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the rats in each group were injected with 1.25 mg/kg LPS at the common bile duct at one time to construct an animal model of intrahepatic bile duct infection.After gavage on day 8,liver tissues were taken from rats at the hepatic hilum,and the histopathological changes of the hepatic hilum and biliary tree were observed by HE staining.The expression levels of serum glutamic alanine transaminase(ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured by biochemical method.The expression levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)in rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Protein immunoblotting(WB)and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)were used to detect the expression levels of IL-6,JAK2,STAT3 protein and mRNA in biliary tree tissues.Results:①Compared with the blank group,the structures such as interlobular bile ducts in the hepatic sinusoids and portal duct area of the model rats were destroyed,and inflammatory cells infiltrated around them.The expression of ALT,AST,MDA,IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3 in the serum increased significantly,the expression level of SOD decreased,and the expression levels of IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3 proteins and mRNA increased.②Compared with the model group,the degree of liver pathological damage in rats in the Chiling Ning tablet group and the low and high concentration groups of Dahuang Lingxian Formula were improved,which could significantly reduce the expression levels of ALT,AST,MDA,IL-6,JAK2,STAT3 and up-regulate SOD in serum,and down-regulate the expression of IL-6,JAK2,STAT3 protein and mRNA,with the best effect in the high concentration group of Dahuang Lingxian Formula.③Compared with the choling tablet group,the rats in the low and high concentration groups of Dahuang Lingxian Formula tended to normalize the degree of liver pathological damage,without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration,and the expression levels of ALT,AST,MDA,IL-6,JAK2,STAT3 and the expression levels of IL-6,JAK2,STAT3 protein and mRNA in serum were reduced,and the expression levels of SOD were increased,with the best effect of Dahuang Lingxian Formula The treatment effect was best in the high concentration group.Conclusion:The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway activation,and the best therapeutic effect was achieved by the high concentration group of Dahuang Lingxian Formula.

右美托咪定通过MAPK/STAT3通路对AD大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响

目的探索右美托咪定(Dex)通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/信号转导和转录激活子3(STAT3)通路对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)1-42致大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响。方法随机分为假手术组、Aβ1-42组、Dex低剂量(Dex-L)组、Dex高剂量(Dex-H)组、Dex-H+Anisomycin组、Dex-H+colivelin组,给予不同给药处理后进行实验观察。结果Aβ1-42组大鼠海马组织神经元结构疏松,胞体形态异常,Aβ沉积严重,逃避潜伏期、炎性因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)水平、细胞凋亡数目、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK、p-STAT3/STAT3、cleaved caspase-3表达较假手术组均显著增加,穿越原平台次数、Bcl-2表达显著下降(P<0.05);经不同剂量Dex干预后均可逆转上述指标(P<0.05);MAPK通路激活剂及STAT3激活剂可减轻Dex对AD大鼠的保护作用(P<0.05)。结论Dex可以通过减少炎性因子水平以及Aβ沉积,降低细胞损伤和凋亡,保护大鼠海马神经元,可能与抑制MAPK/STAT3通路有关。

七氟烷通过MAPK/STAT3信号通路诱导人口腔舌鳞状细胞癌Tca-8113细胞凋亡

目的:探究七氟烷对人舌鳞状细胞癌Tca-8113细胞的凋亡机制。方法:用2~10μmol/L七氟烷作用体外培养人舌鳞状细胞癌Tca-8113细胞。MTT实验检测细胞活力;Hochest/PI双染法以及流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测MAPK/STAT3信号通路中相关蛋白表达含量的变化以及通过加入MAPK抑制剂检测MAPK与STAT3信号通路的关系。结果:七氟烷对Tca-8113细胞具明显的杀伤效应,IC_(50)=8μmol/L。七氟烷能够诱导Tca-8113细胞凋亡,促进Bax、cle-cas-3、cle-PARP、p-p38及p-JNK蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2、p-STAT3蛋白的表达;加入MAPK抑制剂后,细胞中p-p38、p-JNK、cle-cas-3及cle-PARP表达量降低,p-STAT3、p-ERK表达量增多。结论:七氟烷可能通过调控MAPK/STAT3信号通路从而导致Tca-8113细胞发生凋亡。

P44/42 MAPK和STAT3在γ射线诱发的小鼠白血病骨髓细胞中的表达

为了观察P4 4 / 4 2MAPK和STAT3在γ射线诱发的小鼠白血病骨髓细胞中的变化情况 ,首先利用γ射线诱发Balb/C小鼠发生白血病 ,成功地建立了辐射致癌模型 .在此基础上 ,将动物分为三组 :癌变组、辐射未癌变组和对照组 ,利用免疫沉淀和免疫印迹技术 ,检测各组骨髓细胞的P4 4 / 4 2MAPK和STAT3蛋白及磷酸化水平变化情况 .结果显示 :癌变组骨髓细胞P4 4 / 4 2MAPK蛋白及磷酸化水平均高于辐射未癌变组和对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而STAT3蛋白及磷酸化水平在三组骨髓细胞之间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) .说明Ras/P4 4 / 4 2MAPK途径可能在γ射线诱发的小鼠白血病中发挥一定的作用 。

硝普钠诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中STAT3/P38MAPK活化及端粒酶hTERT-mRNA表达的研究

为了研究外源性一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中STAT3及P38MAPK活化及端粒酶hTERT-mRNA表达的变化,探讨硝普钠诱导K562细胞凋亡机制,用Annexin-V/PI双标记、DNA片段原位末端标记法、DNA凝胶电泳、DNA含量及细胞周期分析等方法检测细胞凋亡。用流式细胞术测定经硝普钠干预后K562细胞磷酸化P38MAPK和磷酸化STAT3的表达,同时利用实时荧光PCR定量检测端粒酶hTERT-mRNA表达的变化。结果表明K562细胞经硝普钠作用后出现典型的细胞形态改变,DNA片段化,显现亚G1峰Ⅱ并显著增加。Annexin-V/PI和DNA片段原位末端标记表达增加。这些均证实NO能诱导K562细胞凋亡,大部分细胞阻滞于G0/G1期。SNP诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中,磷酸化P38MAPK和磷酸化STAT3的表达随SNP浓度的增加而表现为先增强后下降;K562细胞与2.0mmol/LSNP孵育不同的时间内,磷酸化P38MAPK的表达在12小时时达到高峰并持续至48小时,72小时后表达下降;磷酸化STAT3的表达在24小时时达高峰,48小时后表达即显著下降;端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的表达随SNP作用的浓度增加和时间延长而显著下调。结论SNP能诱导K562细胞凋亡,其机制可能与P38MAPK的活化、抑制端粒酶逆转录酶和STAT3的活化有关。

EGFR突变型非小细胞肺癌STAT3活化对盐酸埃克替尼敏感性的影响

目的本研究拟利用表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变型非小细胞肺癌细胞系,探讨影响盐酸埃克替敏感性的因素及其机制。方法应用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)法检测盐酸埃克替尼对肺癌细胞增殖的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测相关信号通路蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测盐酸埃克替尼对白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)表达水平影响。每次实验重复3次,数据以均数±标准差表示,采用SPSS 17.0软件分别对两组数据之间的差异进行t检验。结果(1)盐酸埃克替尼对EGFR突变的肺腺癌细胞PC9和HCC827有明显的抑制作用;(2)盐酸埃克替尼能明显抑制PC9和HCC827细胞的EGFR、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、细胞外调节激酶(extracellular regulatory kinases,ERK)磷酸化水平;(3)盐酸埃克替尼可使PC9细胞信号转导子和转录激活子(signal transducers and activators of transcription 3,STAT3)磷酸化水平显著提高,而对HCC827细胞STAT3磷酸化水平无影响;(4)盐酸埃克替尼可上调PC9细胞IL-6 mRNA表达水平,而对HCC827细胞无影响;(5)敲除STAT3并不影响AKT和ERK磷酸化水平;(6)抑制STAT3活化可增强PC9细胞对盐酸埃克替尼的敏感性。结论盐酸埃克替尼可通过抑制EGFR突变型非小细胞肺癌的EGFR及其下游磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/AKT和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/ERK信号通路的活化抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖;然而,在部分非小细胞肺癌中,盐酸埃克替尼可能通过上调IL-6 mRNA的表达,激活STAT3信号通路,降低肿瘤细胞对盐酸埃克替尼的敏感性。

MAPK信号通路及STAT3、STAT5A/B在银屑病皮损中表达增高

目的检测寻常型银屑病患者皮损中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)、蛋白S6激酶1(p70S6k)、核因子-кB(NF-кB)、信号传导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)、信号传导及转录激活因子5(STAT5A/B)、钙反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的蛋白表达情况,探讨这些因子在银屑病中的作用。方法收集27例寻常型银屑病患者皮损(银屑病组)及19例健康者皮肤组织(对照组),应用高灵敏MILLIPLEX MAP试剂及Luminex仪检测并定量9种因子的蛋白表达,比较两组之间的表达水平。结果 p38、ERK1/2、JNK、STAT3、STAT5A/B在银屑病组的表达量高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05);STAT5A/B与p38、ERK1/2、JNK、STAT3呈正相关(均P <0.05)。结论 JNK、p38、ERK1/2、STAT3、STAT5A/B在寻常型银屑病中表达增高,且STAT5A/B与p38、ERK1/2、JNK、STAT3有正相关性,表明STAT5A/B与MAPK因子互相作用,可能共同参与银屑病发病机制。

Circular RNA ciRS-7 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by regulating miR-7-mediated EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is the most deadly type of tumor, and its pathogenesis remains unknown. Circular RNAs(circRNAs) may be functional and bind to micro RNAs and consequently, influence the activity of targeted mRNAs. Recent researches indicate that one circRNA, ciRS-7, acts as a sponge of miR-7 and thus, inhibits its activity. It is well known that miR-7 is a cancer suppressor in many cancers. However, the relationship between ciRS-7 and miR-7, and the role of ciRS-7 in PDAC, remains to be elucidated. Methods: miR-7 and ciRS-7 expression in 41 pairs of PDAC tumors and their paracancerous tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). The relationships between their expression levels and clinicopathological features in PDAC tissues were assessed. The relationship between miR-7 and ciRS-7 was also assessed by Spearman’s correlation. We also used cell lines to evaluate the role of ciRS-7 in cell line behavior. The ciRS-7 interfere RNA(si RNA) and its empty vector were transfected into PDAC cells. PDAC cells proliferation and invasion abilities were detected by MTT assay and invasion analysis. The expression of proteins was assessed by Western blotting. Results: ciRS-7 expression was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than paracancerous tissues( P = 0.002). However, miR-7 expression showed the opposite trend( P = 0.048). Moreover, ciRS-7 expression was inversely correlated with miR-7 in PDAC( r s =-0.353, P = 0.023). ciRS-7 expression was also significantly elevated in venous invasion(3.72 ± 2.93 vs. 2.14 ± 1.26;P = 0.028) and lymph node metastasis(4.19 ± 2.75 vs. 2.32 ± 1.90;P = 0.016) in PDAC patients. Furthermore, ciRS-7 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of PDAC cells( P < 0.05), and the downregulation of ciRS-7 resulted in miR-7 overexpression and subsequent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3). Conclusions: Circular RNA ciRS-7 plays an oncogene role in PDAC, partly by targeting miR-7 and regulating the EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Elevated retinol binding protein 4 levels are associated with atherosclerosis in diabetic rats via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors,including diabetes,which results in an increased atherosclerotic burden,but the precise mechanisms for the occurrence and development of diabetic atheroscerosis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To summarize the potential role of retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) in the pathogenesis of diabetic atheroscerosis,particularly in relation to the RBP4-Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway.METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,including a control group(NC group),diabetic rat group(DM group),and diabetic atherosclerotic rat group(DA group).The contents of total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc), fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose,and hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c)were measured.Moreover,the adipose and serum levels of RBP4,along with the expression levels of JAK2, phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2), STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and Cyclin D1 in aortic tissues were also measured.Besides,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and atherogenic indexes(AI) were calculated.RESULTS Compared with the NC and DM groups,the levels LDL-c,TG,TC,FINS,HOMAIR,RBP4,and AI were upregulated,whereas that of HDL-c was downregulated in the DA group(P <0.05);the mRNA levels of JAK2,STAT3,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 in the DA group were significantly increased compared with the NC group and the DM group;P-JAK2,p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio,p-STAT3,p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 at protein levels were significantly upregulated in the DA group compared with the NC group and DM group.In addition,as shown by Pearson analysis,serum RBP4 had a positive correlation with TG,TC,LDL-c,FINS,HbA1 C,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,Bcl-2,Cyclin D1,AI,and HOMA-IR but a negative correlation with HDL-c.In addition,multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum RBP4,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,and LDL-c were predictors of the presence of diabetic atherosclerosis.CONCLUSION RBP4 could be involved in the initiation or progression of diabetic atherosclerosis by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

3-epi-bufotalin suppresses the proliferation in colorectal cancer cells through the inhibition of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been increasingly employed in the last decades in China for both preventing and treating a variety of cancers.3-epi-bufotalin is an active ingredient of TCM“Chanpi”with anti-tumor potential.However,the effect and mechanism of 3-epi-bufotalin on colorectal cancers were not well disclosed.The present study demonstrated that 3-epi-bufotalin could reduce viability,trigger apoptosis,and block the cell cycle at the G2/M stage in colorectal cancer cell lines HT29,RKO,and COLO205 in vitro.Moreover,3-epi-bufotalin inhibited the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.These results indicated the anti-proliferation ability of 3-epi-bufotalin in colorectal cancer cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal miRNA-761 regulates the tumor microenvironment by targeting the SOCS2/JAK2/STAT3 pathway

BACKGROUND:Exosomes and exosomal microRNAs have been implicated in tumor occurrence and metastasis.Our previous study showed that microRNA-761(miR-761)is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and that its inhibition affects mitochondrial function and inhibits HCC metastasis.The mechanism by which exosomal miR-761 modulates the tumor microenvironment has not been elucidated.METHODS:Exosomal miR-761 was detected in six cell lines.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and transwell migration assays were performed to determine the function of exosomal miR-761 in HCC cells.The luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze miR-761 target genes in normal fi broblasts(NFs).The inhibitors AZD1480 and C188-9 were employed to determine the role of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in the transformation of cancer-associated fi broblasts(CAFs).RESULTS:In this study,we characterized the mechanism by which miR-761 reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment.We found that HCC-derived exosomal miR-761 was taken up by NFs.Moreover,HCC exosomes aff ected the tumor microenvironment by activating NFs via suppressor of cytokine signaling 2(SOCS2)and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrated that exosomal miR-761 modulated the tumor microenvironment via SOCS2/JAK2/STAT3 pathway-dependent activation of CAFs.Our fi ndings may inspire new strategies for HCC prevention and therapy.

Inhibition of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuryinduced apoptosis:nicotiflorin and JAK2/STAT3 pathway

Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius.Previous studies have shown its cerebral protective effect,but the mechanism is undefined.In this study,we aimed to determine whether nicotiflorin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion.Nicotiflorin（10 mg/kg） was administered by tail vein injection.Cell apoptosis in the ischemic cerebral cortex was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling assay.Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in ischemic cerebral cortex were examined by immunohistochemial staining.Additionally,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 levels in ischemic cerebral cortex were examined by western blot assay.Nicotiflorin altered the shape and structure of injured neurons,decreased the number of apoptotic cells,down-regulates expression of p-JAK2,p-STAT3,caspase-3,and Bax,decreased Bax immunoredactivity,and increased Bcl-2 protein expression and immunoreactivity.These results suggest that nicotiflorin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.