CTAB/TX-100 microemtdsion-based gel（MBG）, which could be soaked in aqueous solution for a long time without mechanical strength and shape changes, was successfully prepared. Lipase immobilized in this gel had a high...CTAB/TX-100 microemtdsion-based gel（MBG）, which could be soaked in aqueous solution for a long time without mechanical strength and shape changes, was successfully prepared. Lipase immobilized in this gel had a higher activity than that in CTAB MBG when catalyzed the esterification reaction between n-hexanoic acid and n-octanol and its enantioselectivity was slightly higher when catalyzed the stereoselective esterification reaction between racemic ibuprofen and n-octanol. In aqueous solution, lipase in CTAB/TX-100 MBG could catalyze smoothly the hydrolysis reaction of olive oil and could be reused many times without the evident change of MBG mechanical strength although its activity decreased 41.8% after nine-time recycles.展开更多
Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significan...Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.展开更多
The esterification reactions of octanoic acid with 1\|octanol catalyzed by Candida lypolytical (CL) lipase was studied in water\|in\|oil microemulsions formed by water/bis\|(2\|ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium(AOT)/is...The esterification reactions of octanoic acid with 1\|octanol catalyzed by Candida lypolytical (CL) lipase was studied in water\|in\|oil microemulsions formed by water/bis\|(2\|ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium(AOT)/isooctane.The results of kinetic study showed that the reaction follows a Ping\|Pong Bi\|Bi mechanism.The values of apparent kinetic parameters were determined.Lipase has also been immobilized in gelatin\|containing AOT microemulsion\|based organogels (MBGs) for retention of catalytic activity.These lipase\|containing MBGs proved to be a solid\|phase catalysts for use in apolar organic solvents,retaining its higher activity after many runs of esterification reactions.展开更多
The concept of partially coherent nonparaxial modified Bessel Gauss （MBG） beams is proposed. Based on the generalized Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, the analytical propagation equations of nonparaxial MBG...The concept of partially coherent nonparaxial modified Bessel Gauss （MBG） beams is proposed. Based on the generalized Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, the analytical propagation equations of nonparaxial MBG beams in free space are derived and analysed, and some special cases are discussed. In particular, under the paraxial approximation our results reduce to the corresponding paraxial ones. Numerical calculation examples are given to illustrate the dependence of intensity and spectral degree of coherence on the beam order m, ζ and f parameters, and to compare the difference between the paraxial and nonparaxial results.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20803044)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education,Shandong University,China(No.200714)
文摘CTAB/TX-100 microemtdsion-based gel（MBG）, which could be soaked in aqueous solution for a long time without mechanical strength and shape changes, was successfully prepared. Lipase immobilized in this gel had a higher activity than that in CTAB MBG when catalyzed the esterification reaction between n-hexanoic acid and n-octanol and its enantioselectivity was slightly higher when catalyzed the stereoselective esterification reaction between racemic ibuprofen and n-octanol. In aqueous solution, lipase in CTAB/TX-100 MBG could catalyze smoothly the hydrolysis reaction of olive oil and could be reused many times without the evident change of MBG mechanical strength although its activity decreased 41.8% after nine-time recycles.
文摘Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.
文摘The esterification reactions of octanoic acid with 1\|octanol catalyzed by Candida lypolytical (CL) lipase was studied in water\|in\|oil microemulsions formed by water/bis\|(2\|ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium(AOT)/isooctane.The results of kinetic study showed that the reaction follows a Ping\|Pong Bi\|Bi mechanism.The values of apparent kinetic parameters were determined.Lipase has also been immobilized in gelatin\|containing AOT microemulsion\|based organogels (MBGs) for retention of catalytic activity.These lipase\|containing MBGs proved to be a solid\|phase catalysts for use in apolar organic solvents,retaining its higher activity after many runs of esterification reactions.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Development Program of China （Grant No 823070） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10574097）.
文摘The concept of partially coherent nonparaxial modified Bessel Gauss （MBG） beams is proposed. Based on the generalized Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, the analytical propagation equations of nonparaxial MBG beams in free space are derived and analysed, and some special cases are discussed. In particular, under the paraxial approximation our results reduce to the corresponding paraxial ones. Numerical calculation examples are given to illustrate the dependence of intensity and spectral degree of coherence on the beam order m, ζ and f parameters, and to compare the difference between the paraxial and nonparaxial results.
