Dendritic spine degeneration:a primary mechanism in the aging process

Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).

城市污水处理厂进水水质分析及MBR膜生物处理工艺研究

为提高城市污水的处理效率,在分析了某城市污水处理厂进水水质指标的基础之上,对目标城市污水开展了MBR膜生物处理工艺技术研究,并对其处理效果进行了分析。结果表明,目标城市污水处理厂进水水样中污染物的浓度较高,其中COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP、SS的平均浓度分别为202.8mg·L^(-1)、38.3mg·L^(-1)、50.8mg·L^(-1)、6.1mg·L^(-1)、261.6mg·L^(-1)。采用MBR膜生物处理工艺对目标城市污水进行处理后,12个月的出水水质中污染物的含量均大幅降低,其中COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、SS的浓度平均值分别为9.82mg·L^(-1)、0.94mg·L^(-1)、8.41mg·L^(-1)、0.35mg·L^(-1)、1.93mg·L^(-1),各项指标均能达到国家标准GB 18918-2002中的一级A标准要求。研究结果认为,MBR膜生物处理工艺对目标城市污水具有较好的处理效果,可为同类城市污水的高效处理提供一定的借鉴。

振动MBR结合精确曝气与回流强化脱氮除磷

为探索一种利用反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)与反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs)强化脱氮除磷的新工艺手段,在一座传统曝气MBR工艺的市政污水处理厂内开展了新型振动MBR工艺结合精确曝气与回流控制技术的中试研究。在膜池MLSS为12~15 g/L、膜通量为20 L/(m^(2)·h)时,振动MBR中试TMP稳定保持在10~25 kPa,膜振动电机平均电耗为0.042 kWh/m^(3),比水厂曝气MBR膜吹扫风机电耗降低了61.8%。在精确曝气与回流控制下,中试好氧池前端DO低于0.5 mg/L,后端DO保持在0.3~1.2 mg/L;前缺氧池后端硝氮保持在2~3 mg/L,厌氧池硝氮接近0 mg/L,提供了有利于内碳源合成与利用的生化环境条件。振动MBR结合精确控制显著强化了反硝化除磷与内源反硝化作用,中试缺氧吸磷量占缺氧与好氧吸磷量之和的比例超过了40%,后缺氧池内源反硝化脱氮量较水厂提升了1~3 mg/L,最终出水总氮较水厂降低了3~6 mg/L。在中试厌氧池投加乙酸钠后系统脱氮除磷效果进一步提升,出水总氮与总磷分别稳定低于5 mg/L与0.5 mg/L。中试的硝化菌、反硝化菌、DPAOs与DGAOs相对丰度分别比水厂提高了0.76%、1.15%、1.96%与0.58%,其中Dechloromonas与CandidatusCompetibacter分别为主要的DPAOs与DGAOs菌属。

增强型中空纤维膜及MBR数值模拟的研究

中空纤维膜作为膜生物反应器(MBR),由于其高效性及灵活性被广泛应用于污水处理领域。文中介绍了纤维管增强型中空纤维膜,包括针织管增强膜、编织管增强膜及无纺管增强膜,综述了计算流体力学在MBR优化设计及膜污染清洗等方面的研究,并对增强型中空纤维膜及MBR数值模拟的应用前景进行展望。在未来的研究中,将计算流体力学与理论试验相结合可以提升研究效率,更好地解决水处理问题。

改良型A^(2)O-MBR工艺处理低碳氮比污水的实验研究

为强化A^(2)O-MBR工艺脱氮除磷效果,对国家管网集团某场站点生活污水进行实验研究,进行工艺工况调整和条件优化。分析碳氮比、回流比、水力停留时间对出水水质的影响。实验结果表明,在碳氮比为6~7,膜池直接回流到缺氧池条件下,改良型A^(2)O-MBR工艺的最终COD出水为13.54 mg/L,TN和TP的平均去除率达到了80.26%和80.13%,出水水质完全满足地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)地表准Ⅳ类水的要求。实验表明,该工艺在脱氮除磷方面有显著效果,在降解污染和整体达标排放方面发挥着重要的作用,且能为厂站小型生活污水处理站提标改造的技术参数选择提供参考。

基于Arduino与Processing的心率检测计设计研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活也有了极大的提高,但同时也伴随着各种疾病的到来,身体健康已经成为人们普遍关注的焦点,因此,心率检测仪、血压计、血糖仪等各种家用医疗监测仪器已经逐渐融入日常生活。心脏病是人们难以预防的突发致命疾病之一,本文介绍的是一款基于Arduino【是基于易用硬件和软件的原型开源平台,包由可编程的电路板(简称微控制器),以及集成开发环境(称为Arduino IDE)的现成软件组成】Processing(开源编程语言,包括编辑器、编译器、展示器)的简易心率检测计系统,其功能实用、操作简单,可以测量心率,当超出正常心率范围时及时预警,是一款便携的实时心率测试仪。

Recent advances on the membrane processes for CO_2 separation

Membrane separation technology has popularized rapidly and attracts much interest in gas industry as a promising sort of newly chemical separation unit operation. In this paper, recent advances on membrane processes for CO_2 separation are reviewed. The researches indicate that the optimization of operating process designs could improve the separation performance, reduce the energy consumption and decrease the cost of membrane separation systems. With the improvement of membrane materials recently,membrane processes are beginning to be competitive enough for CO_2 separation, especially for postcombustion CO_2 capture, biogas upgrading and natural gas carbon dioxide removal, compared with the traditional separation methods. We summarize the needs and most promising research directions for membrane processes for CO_2 separation in current and future membrane applications. As the time goes by, novel membrane materials developed according to the requirement proposed by process optimization with increased selectivity and/or permeance will accelerate the industrialization of membrane process in the near future. Based on the data collected in a pilot scale test, more effort could be made on the optimization of membrane separation processes. This work would open up a new horizon for CO_2 separation/Capture on Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage(CCUS).

基于CiteSpace的国内MBR研究现状与热点分析

为了解近10年国内膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺在污水处理领域的研究情况,以2013-2023年CNKI收录的核心期刊的相关研究为数据源,采用可视化分析工具CiteSpace,并运用文献计量学方法绘制出关键词聚类图谱和突现图谱。结果表明,近10年来该领域受到学者们的广泛关注,发文量和被引频次保持在高水平。MBR工艺在污水处理领域的研究多集中在MBR工艺的原理、应用及存在问题等方面,MBR工艺现存问题的解决、污水处理技术的优化组合以及新型MBR的研发是未来研究的热点。

Membrane Crystallization for Process Intensification and Control:A Review

Crystallization is a fundamental separation technology used for the production of particulate solids.Accurate nucleation and growth process control are vitally important but difficult.A novel controlling technology that can simultaneously intensify the overall crystallization process remains a significant challenge.Membrane crystallization(MCr),which has progressed significantly in recent years,is a hybrid technology platform with great potential to address this goal.This review illustrates the basic concepts of MCr and its promising applications for crystallization control and process intensification,including a state-of-the-art review of key MCr-utilized membrane materials,process control mechanisms,and optimization strategies based on diverse hybrid membranes and crystallization processes.Finally,efforts to promote MCr technology to industrial use,unexplored issues,and open questions to be addressed are outlined.

Assessment of AMBR^TMas a model for high-throughput cell culture process development strategy

The development and delivery of high quality therapeutic products necessitates the need for highthrough-put (HTP) process development tools. Traditionally, these works requires a combination of shake flask and small-scale stirred tank bioreactor (STR) which are labor and resource intensive and time-consuming. Here we demonstrate a strategy for rapid and robust cell culture process development by evaluating and implementing the use of a new HTP disposable micro bioreactor (MBR) called AMBRTM system (Advanced Microscale Bioreactor) that has the capabilities for automated sampling, feed addition, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), gassing and agitation controls. In these studies the performance of two monoclonal antibody (MAb) producing cell lines (MAb1 and MAb2) was evaluated both in the AMBR system and 3-L STR. We demonstrated that cell culture performance (growth and viability, production titer and product quality) were similar in both vessel systems. Furthermore, process control and feed optimization were demonstrated in an additional cell line (MAb3) in the disposable MBR and its performance confirmed at STR scale. The results indicate that the AMBR system can be used to streamline the process development effort and facilitate a rapid and robust cell culture process development effort for MAb programs in a HTP manner.

A new isoflavane from processed Astragalus membranaceus

A new isoflavane named astraganoside, together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus. The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as (3R, 4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman-4,7-diol-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) based on spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, ESI-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques.

Geometrical Reconstruction and CNC Process of Spurious Tympanic Membrane Based on Reverse Engineering

Perforation of tympanic membrane is one of the main reasons for both deafness and dyssaudia.We could improve and restore audition by restoring or replacing the tympanic membrane.So,whether you can make the spurious tympanic membrane successfully is one of the keys to a successful operation.Utilizing CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) measurement equipment, we measured tympanic membrane model precisely and digitally.We also analysed the measured data by point to surface and we have successfully reconstructed the CAD model of the spurious tympanic membrane.Using the model we have got,we schemed out the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.In addition,we utilized MasterCAM compiling CNC (Computerized Numerical Con- trol) code and simulating the course of working.Ultimately,we obtained the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.Our research in this article has great significance to the success of spurious tympanic membrane grafting operation.

Nano Si preparation by constant cell voltage electrolysis of FFC-Cambridge Process in molten CaCl_2

Using FFC-Cambridge Process to prepare Si from SiO2 is a promising method to prepare nanostructured and highly pure silicon for solar cells.However,the method still has many problems unsolved and the controlling effect of the cell voltage on silicon product is not clear.Here we report in this article that nano cluster-like silicon product with purity of 99.95%has been prepared by complete conversion of raw material SiO2,quartz glass plate,using constant cell voltage electrolysis FFC-Cambridge Process.By analysis of XRD,EDS,TEM,HRTEM and ICP-AES as well as the discussion from the thermodynamics calculation,the morphology and components of the product based on the change of cell voltage are clarified.It is clear that pure silicon could be prepared at the cell voltage of 1.7 2.1 V in this reaction system.The silicon material have cluster-like structure which are made of silicon nanoparticles in 20 100 nm size.Interestingly,the cluster-like nano structure of the silicon can be tuned by the used cell voltage.The purity,yield and the energy cost of silicon product prepared at the optimized cell voltage are discussed.The purity of the silicon product could be further improved,hence this method is promising for the preparation of solar grade silicon in future.

Micro-Polluted Surface Water Treatment by PAC-MBR Process

A kind of hybrid membrane process, which integrated powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR), was designed for bench scale experiment for micro-polluted surface water treatment. Molecular weight analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of each unit process and the integration of them. The result of analysis indicated that organic molecules in the treated water from PAC-MBR process were concentrated on the section of below 1000, while PAC adsorption could enhance the removal efficiency of this section due to the high percent of biodegradation recalcitrant organic matter with low molecular weight. It was demonstrated that PAC adsorption and biological treatment promoted each other in PAC-MBR process, with a removal efficiency of 70% for COD Mn and UV 254, 100% for UV 410 and 92% for ammonia nitrogen in its stable stage.

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process （CMP） with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, turbidity and anionic surfactants （LAS） was investigated under different conditions. It was observed that the effluent COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19-0.85 mg/L, 0.03-0.18 mg/L, 0.0-0.15 NTU and 0.0-0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120-5350 mg/L, 79.5-129.3 mg/L, 110-181.1NTU and 4.9-5.4 mg/L. The effluent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China （GB3838-2002）. The removal rates of COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network （BPNN） theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4^＋-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.

Polymer/Ceramic Composite Membranes and Their Application in Pervaporation Process

Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic-supported polymer composite pervaporation membranes.The separation materials of polymer/ceramic composite membranes presented here include hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),chitosan(CS) and polyelectrolytes.The effects of ceramic support treatment,polymer solution properties,interfacial adhesion and incorporating or blending modification on the membrane structure and PV performance are discussed.Two in-situ characterization methods developed for polymer/ceramic composite membranes are also covered in the discussion.The applications of these composite membranes in pervaporation process are summarized as well,which contain the bio-fuels recovery,gasoline desulfuration and PV coupled proc-ess using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane,and dehydration of alcohols and esters using ceramic-supported PVA or PVA-CS composite membrane.Finally,a brief conclusion remark on polymer/ceramic composite mem-branes is given and possible future research is outlined.

预处理+臭氧+AO+MBR组合工艺在船舶油污水处理的应用

船舶油污水的污染会对环境、生态系统、人类健康和经济造成严重的危害,需要采取有效的治理措施,本项目主体工艺采用预处理+臭氧+AO+MBR组合工艺处理船舶油污水,预处理工艺段消除油污水中大部分的石油类和硫化物,再利用臭氧氧化破坏油污水中的有毒物质,氧化并分解污水中难降解的有机物,有利于后续的生化反应;最后利用AO生化+MBR去除污水中的COD、TN、TP等污染物,使得COD出水为400 mg/L以下,COD去除率为85%,TN出水控制在30 mg/L以下,去除率在80%以上,TP出水在4 mg/L以下,去除率在60%,硫化物和石油类出水,分别可达到0.3 mg/L和1 mg/L以下,该出水指标优于当地《污水综合排放标准》(DB 31/199-2018)三类标准,可为国内同类项目工程应用可提供参考。

Interactions of molten salts with cathode products in the FFC Cambridge Process

Molten salts play multiple important roles in the electrolysis of solid metal compounds,particularly oxides and sulfides,for the extraction of metals or alloys.Some of these roles are positive in assisting the extraction of metals,such as dissolving the oxide or sulfide anions,and transporting them to the anode for discharging,and offering the high temperature to lower the kinetic barrier to break the metal-oxygen or metal-sulfur bond.However,molten salts also have unfavorable effects,including electronic conductivity and significant capability of dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide gases.In addition,although molten salts are relatively simple in terms of composition,physical properties,and decomposition reactions at inert electrodes,in comparison with aqueous electrolytes,the high temperatures of molten salts may promote unwanted electrode-electrolyte interactions.This article reviews briefly and selectively the research and development of the F ray-F arthing-Chen(FFC)Cambridge Process in the past two decades,focusing on observations,understanding,and solutions of various interactions between molten salts and cathodes at different reduction states,including perovskitization,non-wetting of molten salts on pure metals,carbon contamination of products,formation of oxychlorides and calcium intermetallic compounds,and oxygen transfer from the air to the cathode product mediated by oxide anions in the molten salt.

Pilot study on treatment of low turbidity and low temperature water by coagulation-immersed membrane process

The objective of this paper was to investigate the practicability of coagulation-immersed membrane process during low-temperature period through the study of steady operation,chemical cleaning methods,water quality and agent consumption.Experimental results showed that:membrane performance decreases with the reduction of temperature,but low temperature has little effect on stable operation of immersed membrane when coagulation as pretreatment.EFM with 1200 mg/L sodium hypochlorite after every 48 filtration cycles was made for reducing membrane fouling efficiently,and the method,with 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 3500 mg/L sodium hypochlorite for 10 h and then 2% hydrochloric acid for 4 h,is an appropriate cleaning method under low temperature.Compared with convention treatment process,immersed membrane process not only has same agent consumption,but also permeated water quality is more superior such as fine removal effect on turbidity with average 0.10 NTU.Therefore,coagulation-immersed membrane process is more appropriate for increasing water quality demand and the treatment of low turbidity and low temperature water.

MBR技术与工艺在水产养殖尾水处理中的研究进展

膜生物反应器技术(MBR)被认为是水产养殖中先进水处理的潜在技术,在水产养殖尾水处理领域的应用还有很大进步空间。以已有的理论知识为基础,结合国内外文献,分别对养殖尾水的高效处理技术、膜污染控制技术、尾水回收技术以及MBR技术改进工艺的研究现状展开描述。然后对不同MBR脱氮除磷组合工艺进行优劣对比,最后提出MBR技术与工艺在水产养殖尾水处理研究中存在处理成本高、处理技术与养殖技术未很好融合的问题,并认为未来该技术可在集成模块化、膜材料和稳定工艺等方面深入研究。为后续MBR技术在水产养殖尾水处理中的高效化、经济化研究提供参考和方向。