Objective:To identify presence of inflammasome activated in mouse cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Method:MCMV was injected into the right cerebral hemisphere i...Objective:To identify presence of inflammasome activated in mouse cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Method:MCMV was injected into the right cerebral hemisphere in neonatal BALB/c mice at 2000 pfu virus titers. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were tested to evaluate hearing at 21 days. Histopathological studies were conducted to confirm localizations of MCMV infected cells in the inner ear. Expression of inflammasome related factors was assessed by immunofluorescence, Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results:In the mouse model of CMV induced SNHL, inflammasome related kinase Caspase-1 and downstream inflammatory factor IL-1b and IL-18 were found increased and activated after CMV infection in the cochlea. These factors could further up-regulate expression of IL-6 and TNF-a. These inflammatory factors are neurotoxicity and may contribute to hearing impairment. Furthermore, we also detected significantly increased AIM2 protein that accumulated in the SGN of cochleae with CMV infection. Significance:We have shown that inflammasome as a novel inherent immunity mechanism may contribute to hearing impairment. Conclusion:Our data indicate that imflammasome assemble in mouse inner ear in response to CMV infection. We have revealed a novel pa-thology event in CMV induced SNHL involving activation of inflammasome in mouse cochlea. Additionally, we have shown that inflammasome may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of CMV related SNHL. Copyright ? 2016, The Authors. Production & hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd On behalf of PLA General Hospital Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
In order to study the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocardium of MCMV myocarditis and their role in the myocardial damages, 60 BALB/C mice of 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: 36 were injected i...In order to study the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocardium of MCMV myocarditis and their role in the myocardial damages, 60 BALB/C mice of 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: 36 were injected intraperitoneally with MCMV and 24 served as control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the myocardium, and myocardial lesions were observed histopathologically. Histopathological study on the myocardium from infected mice revealed focal or diffuse lesions characterized by inflammatory cells and degeneration or necrosis of myocytes. The myocardial lesion score showed the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was slight in MCMV myocarditis.The positive staining signals for IL-1β and TNF-α proteins which mainly located in the infiltrating inflammatory cells and degenerative or necrotic myocytes were markedly detectable whereas there were no positive findings in the myocardium of control mice. IL-1β and TNF-α was expressed in the myocardium of viral myocarditis murine model induced by MCMV. IL-1β and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.展开更多
为了提高OFDM系统的性能,人们引进了自适应波束形成技术来进一步抑制干扰信号(signals not of interest,SNOI),其中目前可见报道的是利用LMS(least mean square)波束形成技术的OFDM系统.但是LMS-OFDM系统需要使用训练序列,即占用更多频...为了提高OFDM系统的性能,人们引进了自适应波束形成技术来进一步抑制干扰信号(signals not of interest,SNOI),其中目前可见报道的是利用LMS(least mean square)波束形成技术的OFDM系统.但是LMS-OFDM系统需要使用训练序列,即占用更多频率资源,并且该系统在强干扰环境下工作性能下降,因此有必要研究新的且更适宜在复杂环境下工作的自适应波束形成-OFDM系统.文中将基于期望信号空间信息的MCMV(multiple constrains minimum variance)波束形成技术与OFDM系统相结合,得到一种MCMV-OFDM系统.该系统与原有的LMS-OFDM系统相比,不需要训练序列并在强干扰的环境下有着较好的性能.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 31300624]Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 2015M571818]+1 种基金Six Major Categories Talent [grant numbers 2014-WSN-043]Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Student in Jiangsu Province [grant numbers 201510313003Z]
文摘Objective:To identify presence of inflammasome activated in mouse cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Method:MCMV was injected into the right cerebral hemisphere in neonatal BALB/c mice at 2000 pfu virus titers. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were tested to evaluate hearing at 21 days. Histopathological studies were conducted to confirm localizations of MCMV infected cells in the inner ear. Expression of inflammasome related factors was assessed by immunofluorescence, Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results:In the mouse model of CMV induced SNHL, inflammasome related kinase Caspase-1 and downstream inflammatory factor IL-1b and IL-18 were found increased and activated after CMV infection in the cochlea. These factors could further up-regulate expression of IL-6 and TNF-a. These inflammatory factors are neurotoxicity and may contribute to hearing impairment. Furthermore, we also detected significantly increased AIM2 protein that accumulated in the SGN of cochleae with CMV infection. Significance:We have shown that inflammasome as a novel inherent immunity mechanism may contribute to hearing impairment. Conclusion:Our data indicate that imflammasome assemble in mouse inner ear in response to CMV infection. We have revealed a novel pa-thology event in CMV induced SNHL involving activation of inflammasome in mouse cochlea. Additionally, we have shown that inflammasome may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of CMV related SNHL. Copyright ? 2016, The Authors. Production & hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd On behalf of PLA General Hospital Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金This project was supported by a grant from National Natu-ral Sciences Foundation of China (No .39970306) .
文摘In order to study the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocardium of MCMV myocarditis and their role in the myocardial damages, 60 BALB/C mice of 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: 36 were injected intraperitoneally with MCMV and 24 served as control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the myocardium, and myocardial lesions were observed histopathologically. Histopathological study on the myocardium from infected mice revealed focal or diffuse lesions characterized by inflammatory cells and degeneration or necrosis of myocytes. The myocardial lesion score showed the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was slight in MCMV myocarditis.The positive staining signals for IL-1β and TNF-α proteins which mainly located in the infiltrating inflammatory cells and degenerative or necrotic myocytes were markedly detectable whereas there were no positive findings in the myocardium of control mice. IL-1β and TNF-α was expressed in the myocardium of viral myocarditis murine model induced by MCMV. IL-1β and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
文摘为了提高OFDM系统的性能,人们引进了自适应波束形成技术来进一步抑制干扰信号(signals not of interest,SNOI),其中目前可见报道的是利用LMS(least mean square)波束形成技术的OFDM系统.但是LMS-OFDM系统需要使用训练序列,即占用更多频率资源,并且该系统在强干扰环境下工作性能下降,因此有必要研究新的且更适宜在复杂环境下工作的自适应波束形成-OFDM系统.文中将基于期望信号空间信息的MCMV(multiple constrains minimum variance)波束形成技术与OFDM系统相结合,得到一种MCMV-OFDM系统.该系统与原有的LMS-OFDM系统相比,不需要训练序列并在强干扰的环境下有着较好的性能.
