MEK/ERK signaling pathway in apoptosis of SW620 cell line and inhibition effect of resveratrol

Objective:To study the involvement of MAPK MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway in the apoptosis process of SW620 tumor cell line and the inhibition effect of resveratrol.Methods:SW620 cell lines were divided into 5 groups,namely,control group.PD98059 group,low-dose resveratrol group,mid-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The expression of apoptotic molecules and MEK/ERK signaling pathway related proteins were assayed by realtime PCR and Western blotting.Results:Compared with control group,the proliferation of cells treated with resveratrol was significantly inhibited.In the case of apoptotic molecules,the expression of Bax,Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 was increased significantly while the expression of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dosedependent manner.In the case of molecules in MEK/ERK signaling pathway,the expression of Ras,Raf,MEK and ERKl/2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:PD98059 and resveratrol can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SW620 through inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

Longan Aril Reverses H2O2 Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells via RAS/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]To explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of Longan Aril(LA)effective parts on PC12 cells injured by H2O2.[Methods]The neuroprotective effects of LA were evaluated by the cell viability,SOD and MDA content,apoptosis assay and relative protein expression of Aβand p-Tau.The neuroprotective mechanism of LA was studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology,and the expressions of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blotting.[Results]LA could improve the cell survival rate and SOD content,and reduce apoptosis and expression of Aβand p-tau.Inhibition of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is a possible mechanism of LA neuroprotective effects.[Conclusions]LA has a neuroprotective effects in vitro and be likely to inhibit the process of AD by inhibition of RAS/MEK/ERK signalling pathway.

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network regulates NKT2 maturation via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway

Thymic natural killer T(NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZF^(hi)GATA3^(hi)IL-4^(+).The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood.In the present study,we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3(TRAF3IP3)in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla.Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells,decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs,and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24^(+)CD44^(−) and CCR7^(+)CD44^(−) immature iNKTs were not affected.Only CD44^(hi)NK1.1^(−) iNKTs in Traf3ip3^(−/−) mice showed reduced expression of Egr2,PLZF,and IL-17RB,decreased proliferation,and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation.This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs,and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.LT βR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation.These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway may participate in the association between homocysteine and hypertension

Background Homocysteine(Hcy)is a risk factor for hypertension,although the mechanisms are poorly understood.Methods We first explored the relationship between Hcy levels and blood pressure(BP)by analyzing the clinical data of primary hypertensive patients admitted to our hospital.Secondly,we explored a rat model to study the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the role of H2S.An hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)rat model was induced to explore the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the possible mechanism.We carried out tissue histology,extraction and examination of RNA and protein.Finally,we conducted cell experiments to determine a likely mechanism through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signaling pathway.Results In primary hypertensive inpatients with HHcy,blood pressure was significantly higher as compared with inpatient counterparts lacking HHcy.In the rat model,blood pressure of the Wistar rats was significantly increased with increases in serum Hcy levels and decreased after folate treatment.Angiotensin converting enzyme 1(ACE1)expression in the Wistar Hcy group was enhanced comparing to controls,but was decreased in the Wistar folate group.Angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1)levels in the kidney tissue increased in the Wistar folate group.Both serum H2S and kidney cystathionineγ-lyase decreased with elevated levels of serum Hcy.In vitro,increased concentrations and treatment times for Hcy were associated with increased expression of collagen type 1 and AGTR1.This dose and time dependent response was also observed for p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 expression.Conclusion Endogenous H2S might mediate the process of altered blood pressure in response to changes in serum Hcy levels,in a process that is partly dependent on activated RAAS and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

The role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in coronary microembolization-induced rat myocardial inflammation and injury

Objectives In this work,we explore the effect of atorvastatin on myocardial apoptosis and caspase-8 acti- vation after coronary microembolization(CME) in rats. Methods Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups; the coronary microembolization(CME) group,the sham-operated (sham) control group,the gastric lavage control group, the atorvastatin lavage group,and the caspasse-8 inhibitor (N-acetyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-CHO,abbreviated as CHO) group,with 10 rats for each group.A microembolization ball was injected through the left ventricle for constructing the CME model.Animals in the sham control group were given an injection of physiological saline instead of the microembolization ball.Seven days before the operation,the atorvastatin group underwent gastric lavage with 20 mg/kg of atorvastatin once a day.Gastric lavage control animals underwent gastric lavage with an equivalent dose of physiological saline instead of the atorvastatin.Animals in the CHO group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of CHO 30 min before the operation.Six hours after the operation,cardiac ultrasonic detection was conducted on each group to measure the cardiac function indexes.TUNEL(Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assays were used to measure myocardial apoptosis,and western blots were used to quantify the expression levels of activated caspase-3 and -8.Results(1) The echocardiographic parameters showed that,compared to the sham control animals,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) of the CME group was significantly decreased(P【0.05).In addition, cardiac sonography revealed a decrease in the left ventricular shortening fraction(FS) and cardiac output(CO), but an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd).Compared to the CME group,the atorvastatin and CHO groups exhibited significantly improved cardiac function (P【0.05).(2) When compared with the sham control,the myocardical apoptotic rate of the CME group,as well as the levels of activated caspase-3 and-8,increased significantly (P【0.05).The myocardial apoptotic rate,as well as the levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the atorvastatin and CHO groups,decreased significandy(P【0.05) in comparison to the CME group.Conclusions The atorvastatin pretreatment clearly suppressed post-CME myocardial apoptosis and improved cardiac function.The most likely mechanism for these effects is the blockade of the myocardial death receptor -mediated apoptosis pathway.

Irisin Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis of Osteocytes Through Activating Erk Signaling Pathway

Osteoarthritis(OA)is an inflammatory disease involving the joints that is prevalent in the global aging population.The purpose of this study is to determine whether irisin can attenuate osteoarthritis(OA)progression in anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)mice models and the mechanism of irisin therapy effect on OA by increase the resistance of apoptosis in MLO-Y4 cells induced by mechanical stretch in vitro.Methods For in vivo study,3-month-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to three groups,sham-operated,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)-operated treated with vehicle,and ACLT-operated treated with irisin by intraperitoneal injection once a week.Cartilage erosion was observed by HE staining.Osteoarthritis Research Society International(OARSI)scores were evaluated according to the safranin O stai-ning.The microstructure of tibia cortical bone,trabecular bone,and subchondral bone was analyzed by micro-CT and the bone histomorphometry has been administrated including mineral apposition rate(MAR).Edu staining and cck-8 were used for the detection of the proliferation of MLO-Y4 cells.For mechanical stress,cells were seeded on the collagen-I coated chamber subjected with a peak biaxial stretch of 20%at 1 Hz for 16 hours to induce apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used for the detection of apoptosis and cell cycle.TUNNEL was used for staining the apoptotic cells and rt-PCR was applied for quantifying the expression of mRNA such as Bax,Bcl-2,SOST,c-myc,Opg.Western blot was utilized to confirm the mechanism of how irisin decrease the osteocyte apoptosis.Results In vivo,irisin can attenuate articular cartilage degeneration.Irisin maintains the proportion of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and keep fewer cartilage erosions in ACLT-operated mice.For immunohistochemical(IHC)staining,irisin reduced the expression of caspase3,Bax and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in both cartilage and subchondral bone.Irisin-treated ACLT group shows higher Trabecular number(Tb.N)and bone volume fraction(BV/TV)compared to the vehicle-treated ACLT group.In vitro, irisin significantly increased the proliferation of MLO-Y4 cells detected by Edu and Ki67 staining,and irisin can protect the cells from both mechanical stretchinduced apoptosis detected by FITC-PI flow cytometry and maintain the cell activity by regulating the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,and c-myc.Transcriptome sequencing shows that irisin significantly activates the MAPK signaling pathway and we confirm the result by western blot:irisin effectively activates the Erk signaling pathway through phosphorylation and has a certain activation effect on p38 signaling pathway,no activation was observed for FAK signaling pathway.Conclusions Irisin can attenuate the progression of OA by decrease the apoptosis of osteocyte,which can improve the microarchitecture of subchondral bone.Erk pathway activation plays an important role in reducing the apoptosis of osteocyte.

Maleylated-BSA induces TNF-α production through the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways in murine RAW264.7 macrophages

Ligands for macrophage scavenger receptors are reported to induce a wide range of host cell responses, including the production of inflammatory cytokines;however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood and which remain obscure. In this study, we have examined the effect of maleylated bovine serum albumin (maleylated-BSA), a well-known ligand of the scavenger receptor, on the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Maleylated-BSA strongly induced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kB p65. We also observed that maleylated-BSA-induced TNF-α production was blocked by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Together, these data demonstrates that maleylated-BSA- induced production of TNF-α requires the ERK/NF-κB signaling cascade in murine RAW- 264.7 macrophages.

基于Raf-MEK-ERK信号通路探究梓醇对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠脑组织损伤的影响

[目的]通过考察梓醇对蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)大鼠脑组织丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Raf)-丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MEK)-细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)信号通路的影响,探讨其抗SAH脑损伤的作用机制。[方法]将大鼠随机分为假手术组、SAH组、梓醇组、梓醇+U0126组(梓醇+Raf-MEK-ERK信号通路抑制剂U0126)。采用血管内穿孔法构建大鼠SAH模型,评估大鼠神经功能和SAH分级,伊文思蓝(EB)检测血脑屏障通透性,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察脑组织病理变化,免疫荧光染色检测神经元细胞凋亡及微管连接蛋白轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)、p-ERK阳性细胞表达,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)检测脑组织Raf、MEK、磷酸化(p)-MEK、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、自噬基因Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ表达。[结果]与假手术组相比,SAH组神经元细胞排列松散,数目减少,SAH分级、脑组织含水量、EB渗出量、原位末端标(TUNEL)阳性细胞数显著增加,凋亡率、LC3-Ⅱ、p-ERK阳性表达、Bax、Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、Raf、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2表达显著升高,神经功能评分减少,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与SAH组相比,梓醇组神经元损伤明显减轻,细胞死亡较少,SAH分级、脑组织含水量、EB渗出量、TUNEL阳性细胞数显著减少,凋亡率、Bax显著降低,神经功能评分、Bcl-2表达升高,LC3-Ⅱ、p-ERK阳性表达及Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、Raf、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2表达进一步升高(P<0.05);Raf-MEK-ERK通路抑制剂U0126可逆转梓醇对脑组织损伤的改善作用(P<0.05)。[结论]梓醇可能通过激活Raf-MEK-ERK信号通路,促进神经细胞自噬,改善SAH大鼠脑损伤。

miRNA-24靶向调控MEK/ERK信号通路对乳腺癌转移的作用

目的探讨miRNA-24(miR-24)靶向调控MEK/ERK信号通路对乳腺癌转移的作用。方法体外培养乳腺癌(BC)细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231细胞以及非肿瘤性人乳房上皮细胞系H184B5F5/M10细胞,采用qPCR方法检测各细胞中miR-24的表达水平。将MCF-7细胞分为正常组、miRNA阴性对照组(miR-24-NC组)和miR-24抑制剂组,采用CCK8、伤口愈合试验和TUNEL检测细胞活力、迁移和凋亡情况,采用蛋白质印迹法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白和MEK/ERK通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果miR-24在MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞中的表达水平显著高于H184B5F5/M10细胞(P<0.05)。与miR-24-NC组相比,miR-24抑制剂组抑制了细胞的活力和迁移(P<0.05),促进了细胞的凋亡(P<0.05);其凋亡蛋白Bcl-2显著降低(P<0.05),Bax、caspase-3和caspase-9显著升高(P<0.05);同时降低了MEK/ERK信号通路的表达(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌细胞中miR-24表达升高,并且通过调控MEK/ERK信号通路促进乳腺癌的转移。

苁归益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾纤维化及MEK/ERK信号通路的影响

目的:探讨苁归益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病(DKD)大鼠肾脏纤维化及丝裂原细胞外信号调节激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶(MEK/ERK)信号通路的影响。方法:高脂饲料联合小剂量链尿佐菌素(STZ)诱导DKD大鼠模型,造模成功后随机分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组及苁归益肾胶囊高、中、低剂量组,分别予0.9%氯化钠溶液5 ml/kg、厄贝沙坦15mg/kg及苁归益肾胶囊1080、540、270mg/kg灌胃,空白组大鼠予0.9%氯化钠溶液5ml/kg灌胃,连续灌胃12周后收集标本。检测大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、24h尿蛋白定量(24 hUP)水平,HE及Masson染色观察肾脏组织形态改变,Western blot检测肾脏组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、MEK、磷酸化丝裂原细胞外信号调节激酶(p-MEK)、ERK、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)蛋白水平。结果:药物干预12周后,模型组、厄贝沙坦组、苁归益肾胶囊各剂量组FPG、BUN、Scr和24hUP均比空白组高(P<0.05);相较于模型组,苁归益肾胶囊高、中剂量组FPG降低(P<0.05),厄贝沙坦组、苁归益肾胶囊各剂量组BUN、Scr、24 hUP降低(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,相较空白组,各造模组大鼠肾脏组织均有病理改变,各药物干预组肾脏病理改变与模型组相比有不同程度的改善。Masson染色显示模型组与各药物干预组肾脏胶原纤维增生情况较空白组严重,经药物干预的各组肾脏组织纤维化程度比模型组轻。模型组及各药物干预组TGF-β1表达量,MEK、ERK磷酸化水平较空白组明显升高(P<0.05),厄贝沙坦组及苁归益肾胶囊高、中剂量组TGF-β1表达量,MEK、ERK磷酸化水平比模型组低(P<0.05)。结论:苁归益肾胶囊能够缓解肾脏纤维化程度,可能是通过抑制TGF-β1介导的MEK/ERK信号通路活化发挥作用。

祛风宣痹方对哮喘大鼠气道炎症及MEK/ERK信号通路的影响

目的观察祛风宣痹方对哮喘大鼠气道炎症及MEK/ERK信号通路的影响,探讨其改善哮喘的作用机制。方法将18只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组和祛风宣痹方组,每组6只,采用卵清蛋白诱导哮喘模型,祛风宣痹方组予祛风宣痹方灌胃,对照组和哮喘组予等量生理盐水,连续14 d。HE染色观察大鼠肺组织病理变化,ELISA检测血清IgE、白细胞介素(IL)-6和肺泡灌洗液IL-6含量,Western blot检测肺组织MEK/ERK信号通路相关蛋白表达。将巨噬细胞RAW264.7分为对照组、脂多糖(LPS)组、祛风宣痹方组和U0126组,以LPS诱导细胞炎症反应,同时祛风宣痹方组和U0126组分别予祛风宣痹方或MEK通路抑制剂U0126干预,ELISA检测细胞培养液IL-6含量,Western blot检测细胞MEK/ERK信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,哮喘组大鼠气道壁增厚,支气管周围炎症细胞增多,血清IgE、IL-6和肺泡灌洗液IL-6含量显著增加(P<0.01),肺组织p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与哮喘组比较,祛风宣痹方组大鼠气道炎症细胞浸润减少,血清IgE、IL-6和肺泡灌洗液IL-6含量显著减少(P<0.01),肺组织p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。细胞实验结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS组细胞培养液IL-6含量显著增加(P<0.01),细胞p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);与LPS组比较,祛风宣痹方组细胞培养液IL-6含量显著减少(P<0.05),p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论祛风宣痹方能够缓解哮喘气道炎症,抑制MEK/ERK信号通路可能是其作用机制之一。

多西环素通过MEK/ERK信号通路促进MC3T3-E1细胞株体外成骨分化

目的:研究在体外条件下多西环素(doxycycline,DOX)对前成骨细胞株MC3T3-E1成骨分化的影响及可能机制。方法:在成骨诱导剂体外诱导MC3T3-E1细胞株成骨分化条件下,茜素红染色检测成骨细胞分化;实时定量PCR检测DOX对MC3T3-E1细胞相关成骨基因OCN、Runx2的影响;用DOX、MEK抑制剂(U0126)单独或联合处理MC3T3-E1细胞后,Western blot检测N-cadherin、p-MEK及p-ERK等蛋白的表达。结果:在MC3T3-E1细胞株体外成骨诱导分化中,加入DOX可以增强茜素红染色阳性率。DOX上调MC3T3-E1细胞相关成骨基因OCN、Runx2的表达。DOX处理MC3T3-E1细胞后,其N-cadherin蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05),p-MEK和p-ERK蛋白的表达增加(P<0.05)。而MEK拮抗剂(U0126)则显著上调N-cadherin蛋白表达水平,同时降低p-MEK、p-ERK水平。用U0126联合DOX处理MC3T3-E1细胞后,DOX对N-cadherin、p-MEK和p-ERK蛋白水平的影响可被U0126拮抗。在MC3T3-E1细胞株体外成骨诱导分化中,同时存在DOX和U0126时,茜素红染色阳性率低于单独DOX组。结论:DOX可以促进MC3T3-E1细胞株的体外成骨分化;而DOX的这一效应可能是通过MEK-ERK信号通路参与完成的。

ERK1/2、MEK1/2在盆腔器官脱垂患者子宫骶韧带组织中的表达

目的:研究ERK1/2、MEK1/2在盆腔器官脱垂(POP)患者子宫骶韧带组织中的表达及意义。方法:选择30例因POP行子宫切除术或盆底重建术的患者为POP组,POP定量分期评分均为Ⅲ~Ⅳ度;选择同时期33例因非盆底功能障碍性疾病行子宫切除术的患者为对照组,POP定量分期评分均为0~Ⅰ度。收集患者术中废弃的近宫颈处子宫骶韧带组织,采用HE及Masson染色评估其组织学表现,采用免疫组化法和Western blot法检测ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、MEK1/2、p-MEK1/2的表达情况。结果:POP组子宫骶韧带组织学结构明显区别于对照组,且ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、MEK1/2、p-MEK1/2的相对表达量及p-ERK/ERK、p-MEK/MEK比值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:ERK1/2与MEK1/2在POP患者子宫骶韧带组织中表达减少以及p-ERK/ERK和p-MEK/MEK比值降低可能与POP的发生有关。

木蝴蝶苷A通过调控MEK/ERK信号通路对肝癌细胞增殖侵袭和上皮间质转化的机制研究

目的:探究木蝴蝶苷A通过调控MEK/ERK信号通路对肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化的机制。方法:将肝癌细胞HepG2分为Control组、OAL组、OAM组、OAH组、PD98059组和ML-099组。MTT法检测细胞增殖能力;Transwell小室法检测细胞侵袭能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力;蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中MEK.p-MEK、ERK.p-ERK蛋白及EMT相关蛋白表达。结果:OAL组、OAM组和OAH组细胞增殖和侵袭能力(82.34±2.43)、(61.04±1.61)、(32.44±1.04)均明显低于Control(110.42±3.86)组,细胞凋亡率(6.81±0.62)、(11.74±0.94)、(18.36±1.05)明显高于Control组(5.01±0.53)(F侵袭=1068,F凋亡=323.1,P<0.0001);细胞中上皮间质转化蛋白E-cadherin蛋白(0.42±0.04)、(0.58±0.05)、(0.97±0.09)高于Control组(0.23±0.03)(F=181.1,P<0.0001);上皮间质转化蛋白N-cadherin(0.63±0.06)、(0.51±0.05)、(0.38±0.03)、Vimentin蛋白(1.23±0.11)、(0.98±0.09)、(0.51±0.05)及p-MEK/MEK(0.72±0.07)、(0.51±0.05)、(0.32±0.03)和p-ERK/ERK(0.92±0.09)、(0.68±0.06)、(0.41±0.04)比值低于Control组(F_(N-cadherin)=39.04,F_(Vimentin)=111.0,F_(p-MEK/MEK)=107.8,F_(p-ERK/ERK)=82.68,P<0.0001)。PD98059组细胞增殖和侵袭能力(30.86±1.01)均明显低于Control组(t=48.84,P<0.0001),细胞凋亡能力(17.95±0.98)明显高于Control组(t=28.45,P<0.0001),细胞中上皮间质转化蛋白E-cadherin蛋白(0.92±0.09)明显高于Control组(t=17.82,P<0.0001),上皮间质转化蛋白N-cadherin(0.37±0.04)(t=9.585)、Vimentin蛋白(0.41±0.04)(t=19.99)及p-MEK/MEK(0.30±0.03)(t=16.78)、p-ERK/ERK(0.39±0.04)(t=14.65)比值均明显低于Control组(P<0.0001)。ML-099组细胞增殖和侵袭能力(100.86±2.68)均明显高于OAH组(t=12.54,P<0.0001),细胞凋亡能力(5.15±0.86)明显低于OAH组(t=23.84,P<0.0001);和OAH组相比,ML-099组细胞中上皮间质转化蛋白E-cadherin蛋白(0.25±0.03)明显减少(t=18.59,P<0.0001),上皮间质转化蛋白N-cadherin(0.69±0.07)(t=0.971,P<0.0001)、Vimentin蛋白(1.50±0.12)(t=18.65,P<0.0001)及p-MEK/MEK(0.94±0.09)(t=16.01,P<0.0001)、p-ERK/ERK(1.05±0.10)(t=2.367,P=0.0395)比值均明显升高。结论:木蝴蝶苷A可抑制肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,其机制和抑制MEK/ERK信号通路有关。

桑寄生总黄酮通过MEK/ERK通路对子痫前期大鼠肾脏的保护作用及对血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨桑寄生总黄酮对子痫前期(Preeclampsia,PE)大鼠肾脏的保护作用及对血管内皮功能的影响,以及对丝裂原活化的细胞外信号调节激酶(Mitogen extracellular signal regulated kinase,MEK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(Extracellular signal regulated kinase,ERK)信号通路的调节作用。方法将60只健康清洁级成熟期受孕雌性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、桑寄生总黄酮低剂量组、桑寄生总黄酮中剂量组和桑寄生总黄酮高剂量组,每组各12只。从受孕第1天开始桑寄生总黄酮各剂量组分别给予90 mg/kg、180 mg/kg和360 mg/kg桑寄生总黄酮溶液灌胃,1次/d,连续21 d。从受孕第10天开始,除正常组外,其余组大鼠皮下注射左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)125 mg/(kg·d),直至妊娠第19天。检测各组大鼠血压和24 h尿蛋白水平,放射免疫法测定血清前列腺环素(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血栓烷(Thromboxane B2,TXB2)和血浆内皮素-1(En⁃dothelin-1,ET-1)水平,采用ELISA法检测白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,HE染色观察肾组织病理损伤,蛋白印迹法检测p-MEK1/2/MEK1/2和p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2比值。结果正常组大鼠肾小管和肾小球结构完整,未见空泡化;模型组大鼠可见肾小管上皮细胞出现空泡化,可见上皮细胞脱落;桑寄生总黄酮低、中和高剂量组大鼠肾组织病理改变较模型组减轻。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血压和24 h尿蛋白水平、TXB2和ET-1水平以及IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平升高,VEGF水平以及p-MEK1/2/MEK1/2和p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2比值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,桑寄生总黄酮低、中和高剂量组大鼠血压和24 h尿蛋白水平、TXB2和ET-1水平以及IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平降低,VEGF水平以及p-MEK1/2/MEK1/2和p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2比值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以桑寄生总黄酮高剂量组各指标变化最明显,其次为中剂量组和低剂量组。结论桑寄生总黄酮可改善子痫前期大鼠肾组织病理损伤,降低炎症反应,减轻血管内皮损伤,其可能是通过调控MEK/ERK信号通路发挥作用。

大豆皂苷Bb对牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡及MEK/ERK通路的影响

目的探讨大豆皂苷Bb经丝裂原细胞外信号调节激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶(MEK/ERK)信号通路对牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法培养人牙槽骨成骨细胞,Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)培养的细胞作为对照组(A组),以含400μg/mL雌二醇、400μg/mL和800μg/mL大豆皂苷Bb的DMEM培养的细胞分别作为雌二醇组(B组),大豆皂苷Bb低、高剂量组(C_(1)组和C2组)。采用MTT法测定细胞活力和计数细胞菌落数,采用流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡水平,采用逆转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法及蛋白印迹法测定细胞中MEK,ERK mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与A组比较,B组、C_(1)组、C2组光密度(OD)、细胞存活率、菌落数、MEK及ERK mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;与B组比较,C_(1)组上述指标均明显降低(P<0.05),而C2组无明显差异(P>0.05)。与A组比较,B组、C_(1)组、C2组细胞凋亡率均明显降低(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;与B组比较,C_(1)组细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05),C2组细胞凋亡率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论大豆皂苷Bb能促进牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖,抑制凋亡。其作用机制可能与大豆皂苷Bb促进牙槽骨成骨细胞MEK,ERK mRNA和蛋白表达,以及激活MEK/ERK信号通路传导有关。

“三通针法”电针调控Rho/ROCK(Rho kinase)及MEK/ERK信号通路对脊髓损伤大鼠胞浆型磷脂酶A2的影响

背景:胞浆型磷脂酶A2(cytosolic phospholipase A2,cPLA2)是治疗脊髓损伤的新型策略和靶标,其受RhoA/Rho kinase及MEK/ERK信号通路的调控。而电针可通过调控RhoA/Rho kinase和MEK/ERK信号通路治疗脊髓损伤。目的:探讨电针调控Rho/ROCK(Rho kinase)及MEK/ERK信号通路对脊髓损伤后cPLA2的影响。方法:90只雌性SD大鼠,随机取72只制备脊髓损伤模型,BBB评分后随机分为脊髓损伤组、电针治疗组、U0126治疗组(ERK阻断剂)和Y27632治疗组(ROCK阻断剂),另18只设为假手术组(只进行椎板咬除,但不进行脊髓撞击)。电针治疗组大鼠取大椎、腰阳关以及双侧次髎、足三里进行电针治疗,每天1次,每次20 min,共14次;U0126治疗组和Y27632治疗组分别予以U0126和Y27362隔天1次硬膜下腔注射。治疗结束经BBB评分后处死大鼠,收集脊髓组织,ELISA检测脊髓组织前列腺素E2、血小板活化因子的水平;TUNEL法检测脊髓神经细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测脊髓RhoA、ROCKⅡ、MEK、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、cPLA2、p-cPLA2蛋白的表达;qRT-PCR检测脊髓RhoA、ROCKⅡ、MEK、ERK1/2与cPLA2的基因表达。结果与结论:(1)与假手术组比较,脊髓损伤组大鼠BBB评分明显下降(P<0.01),脊髓组织细胞凋亡阳性细胞数、前列腺素E2和血小板活化因子水平、p-cPLA2蛋白和cPLA2基因的表达均明显升高(P<0.01);除电针治疗组大鼠cPLA2基因表达降低差异无显著性意义外,各治疗组大鼠上述指标均明显逆转(P<0.01);(2)与假手术组比较,脊髓损伤组大鼠脊髓组织RhoA及ROCKⅡ蛋白和基因的表达、MEK和ERK1/2基因的表达、MEK和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达均明显升高(P<0.01),电针治疗组及其他两治疗组大鼠上述指标均明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);(3)结果说明,电针能下调Rho/ROCK和MEK/ERK信号通路相关因子表达,抑制cPLA2的活性,减少神经细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应,最终达到治疗脊髓损伤的作用。

Hoxa1通过MEK/ERK信号通路促进低氧下大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移和表型转换的研究

背景 低氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension,HPH)是一种以血管阻力持续性升高和血管重塑为特征的进展性疾病。研究表明Hoxa1参与血管生成过程,但Hoxa1在调控肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)中的作用尚不明确。目的 本研究旨在确定Hoxa1对PASMCs增殖、迁移和表型转化的调控作用。方法 使用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化分离培养原代大鼠PASMCs。采用1%低氧处理细胞构建低氧诱导的细胞模型,并检测24 h、48 h、72 h低氧处理的PASMCs中Hoxa1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。采用干扰或过表达Hoxa1慢病毒下调或上调细胞中Hoxa1表达。慢病毒干扰实验分为常氧组(Normoxia)、低氧组(Hypoxia)、低氧空病毒组(Hypoxia+shRNA-NC)、低氧Hoxa1干扰病毒组(Hypoxia+shRNA-Hoxa1);慢病毒过表达实验分为对照组(Control)、过表达空病毒组(LV-NC)、过表达Hoxa1组(LV-Hoxa1)。采用EdU检测细胞增殖能力;RT-qPCR检测Hoxa1 mRNA表达;Western blot检测Hoxa1、表型转化标志蛋白、MEK/ERK信号通路蛋白表达;免疫荧光检测Hoxa1、α-actin表达;免疫共沉淀实验确定Hoxa1与MEK的相互作用。结果 成功分离培养PASMCs,并鉴定细胞表达α-SMA。低氧诱导下PASMCs中Hoxa1表达上调(P<0.05)。低氧下Hoxa1沉默抑制PASMCs增殖和迁移,而常氧下Hoxa1过表达促进PASMCs增殖和迁移(P均<0.05)。低氧下沉默Hoxa1导致Hypoxia+shRNA-Hoxa1组收缩型标志蛋白表达升高,合成型标蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。而在常氧下过表达Hoxa1导致LV-Hoxa1组收缩型标志蛋白降低,合成型标志蛋白升高(P均<0.05)。此外,Hoxa1表达增加促进MEK/ERK信号通路激活。免疫共沉淀结果显示,Hoxa1与MEK存在相互作用。结论 Hoxa1可能通过激活MEK/ERK通路促进PASMCs增殖、迁移和表型转化。

Effect of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog on cell proliferation and invasion as well as MEK/ERK pathway in endometriosis lesions

Objective: To study the effect of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a) on cell proliferation and invasion as well as MEK/ERK pathway in endometriosis lesions. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with endometriosis in Bazhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between November 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, observation group received preoperative Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog therapy, and control group received preoperative GnRH analog monotherapy. After surgical resection, the endometriosis lesion was collected to determine the mRNA expression of proliferation and invasion-related genes as well as the protein expression of MEK/ERK pathway molecules. Results: Id-1, Sema3A, c-IAP1, OPN and uPA mRNA expression as well as p-MEK, p-EKR1/2, caspase-3 and MMP2 protein expression in endometriosis lesion of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group while Bak, Smac, PAI-1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA expression as well as caspase-3 protein expression were significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog can inhibit the cell proliferation and invasion as well as the MEK/ERK pathway activation in endometriosis lesions.