The Study of Allelochemicals of the Melon Fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.)

This study describes the isolation, identification of allelochemicals of the melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.), using the GC-MS method. A food attractant has been identified and a method for the synthesis of its synthetic analogue has been developed. Also, a route for the synthesis of para pheromone, raspberry ketone, has been proposed.

Effect of Algae on Melon(Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon)Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions

Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Yield and Quality of Facility Hami Melon

With different varieties of facility Hami melon(Cucumis melo var. sacchairinus) as test materials, the effects of meteorological conditions on the yield and quality of different varieties of facility Hami melon were analyzed. The results showed that among the yield and quality traits of melon, the variation degree of average single melon weight was the highest, and the coefficient of variation was 33.05%. The variation degree of leaf area index was the lowest, and the coefficient of variation was 11.00%. Through the correlation analysis of meteorological factors with the yield and quality of facility Hami melon, it was found that the quality traits of facility Hami melon were significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and sunshine duration, and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation. The yield traits were positively correlated with maximum temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation.

新疆甜瓜地方品种（Cucumis melo L.）的SSR遗传多样性

目的与意义:适应于原产地的地方品种是甜瓜种质保存和遗传改良的重要资源,详细了解这些地方品种的遗传变异对于新疆甜瓜种质资源的多样性保护和重要农艺性状的遗传改良具有重要的意义.本文利用SSR标记方法对新疆甜瓜地方品种进行遗传多样性分析,并比较新疆3个主要生态地区东疆、南疆和北疆地方品种的遗传关系,为更好的理解我国甜瓜地方种质资源遗传变异的分布提供依据.

Breeding melon(Cucumis melo)with resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew

Melon(Cucumis melo L.)production is often restricted by a plethora of pests and diseases,including powdery mildew and downy mildew caused respectively by the fungal species Podosphaera xanthii/Golovinomyces orontii and oomycete species Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Many efforts have been directed on identification of resistant sources by screening(wild)melon germplasm.In the current review,we summarized such efforts from various publications of the last 50 plus years.Resistance to powdery mildew has been identified in 239 melon accessions and downy mildew resistance in 452 accessions of both C.melo and the wild relative species C.figarei.Among the resistance sources,C.melo var.cantalupensis accessions PMR 45,PMR 5,PMR 6,and WMR 29 as well as C.melo var.momordica accessions PI 124111,PI 124112,and PI 414723 have been considered as the most valuable germplasm because multiple resistance genes have been identified from these accessions and are widely used in melon resistance breeding.Further genetic mapping in a number of resistant sources has enabled identification of 25 dominant genes,two recessive genes and seven QTLs conferring powdery mildew resistance,as well as eight dominant genes and 11 QTLs for downy mildew resistances.Based on the reported sequences of associated markers,we anchored physically(many of)these genes and QTLs to chromosomes of the melon cv.DHL92 genome.In addition to presenting a comprehensive overview on powdery mildew and downy mildew resistance in(wild)melon germplasm,we suggest strategies aiming at breeding melon with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and pests.

Preliminary studies for a new antibiotic from the marine mollusk Melo melo(Lightfoot,1786)

Objective:To search for new bioactive compounds from marine mollusks Melo melo(M.melo). Methods:Preliminary work for bioactive compound was identified by using disc diffusion methods against human pathogens.Further analyses of compound were done by using TLC, SDS-PACE.And also estimate the amount of protein in the samples by following Biuret method.Results:In antibacterial activity the maximum diameter of 24 mm zone of inhibition was recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) strain of the mucus extract and minimum zone of inhibition of 11 mm was observed in Salmonella typhi(S.typhi) strain of body tissue extract.The antifungal activity of the extraction shows maximum activity against Trichophyton mentagarophytes(T.mentagarophytes)(14 mm) and minimum activity was recorded in Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus)(11 mm).The extract of mucus,nerve tissue,body tissue and kidney that showed antimicrobial activity was subjected to TLC to determine the presence of the peptides and amide groups,and also subjected to SDS-PACE to estimate the molecular weight of proteins in a clear band were detected in the gel that represented kidney,body tissue,brain and mucus represent 14,17,22,45 kDa.Conclusions:The extracts from marine mollusks M.melo is the potential source of producing bioactive compounds against human pathogens and can be used for synthesis of new drugs.

Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy

In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.

地牢犹斗 Jordan Brand MELO M12

Jordan品牌正式推出Jordan Melo M12，并以此向“地牢”致敬——这个位于巴尔的摩的活动中心，为年少时期的卡梅隆·安东尼提供了可以专心磨练篮球技术的安全场所。

河套蜜瓜Cucumis melo CV Hetau成熟期中某些生理生化过程的变化

对河套密瓜成熟过程中生长速率、呼吸强度以及内源乙烯含量变化的研究表明：该种甜瓜属呼吸跃变型果实，从开花到成熟约为３８ｄ；呼吸跃交出现之前乙烯开始产生，其含量升高先于呼吸跃变．可溶性精含量在成熟过程中不断增高，在呼吸峰值时达到最大，淀粉含量出现一个由积累到降解的变化．此外也研究了瓜硬度、色泽和可溶性固形物的变化．

来自甜瓜属(Cucumis melo L.)6个变种部分品种货架期差异比较

对甜瓜属6个变种的13个材料的货架期及相关因素进行了测定比较。结果表明,来自var.saccharinus和inodorus的5个品系表现出乙烯释放速率和鲜样质量损失率很低,货架期显著优于其它变种的材料。var.reticulatus虽然乙烯释放量较低,但由于果肉软化,其货架期短于var.inodorus。var.cantalupensis,makuwa和acidulus货架期短。相关性分析显示货架期还与果实发育期及果实质量存在高度相关,而果实表面的网纹结构与乙烯释放速率、鲜样质量损失速率及货架期并无显著的相关性。

河套蜜瓜(Cucumis melo L cv Hetau)子叶的组织培养和再生植株研究

切取在ＭＳ培养基中生长５ｄ的河套蜜瓜子叶，在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１＋ＢＡ０．１的培养基中予培养３ｄ后转入芽诱导培养基（ＭＳ＋ＺＴ６）诱导生芽，待芽长２ｃｍ左右转入ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５诱导生根，１０ｄ后再转入沙质土壤的营养缶本中成苗，整个成苗过程约需６０～７０ｄ，再生植株诱导率可达５５％。

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.reliculatus)的快速繁殖

以厚皮甜瓜 (Cucumismelovar.reliculatus)西薄洛托带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖研究。结果表明 :在MS +BA 0 .5～ 1 .0mg/L +IAA 0 .1mg/L的培养基上利于诱导形成丛生芽 ,芽的月增殖系数达到 1 1以上 ;在 1 /2MS +IAA 0 .5mg/L培养基上并经暗处理 3d最易生根 ,生根率 90 % ;在蛭石 :草炭土 =1 :1 (体积比 )基质中移栽驯化效果好。试管植株定植大田后种性不变 ,生长和结果习性优于种子苗。

QTL-seq identifies major quantitative trait loci of stigma color in melon

Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fruit development in melon.Here,we used an F_(2)melon population derived from a cross between‘MR-1’(P_(1),with green stigmas)and‘M1–32’(P_(2),with yellow stigmas),and performed genetic analysis and mapping.The results of bulked segregant analysis allowed the identification of genetic loci controlling stigma color on chromosomes 6 and 8.An F2 population consisting of 150 individuals was used for initial mapping.A genetic map of 304.17 cM was constructed using 37 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence(CAPS)markers.We identified one major quantitative trait locus(QTL)and one minor QTL for stigma color.The major QTL GS8.1 was further mapped to a 4.13 cM interval between CAPS markers 8C-10 and 8C-16,which explained 27.04%of the phenotypic variation.In addition,GS6.1 was mapped between E-49 and 6A-7,explaining 18.6%of the phenotypic variation.This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine mapping and cloning of melon genes controlling stigma color.

Melon Seedlings Phytomass under Poultry Litter Biochar Doses

The use of organic waste for the preparation of seedling substrates is an important environmental and economic option. In this perspective, substrates using biochar emerges as an alternative for seedling production due to their favorable physical and chemical characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of doses of poultry litter biochar as a substrate constituent for the production and quality of the seedlings. The work was conducted in a semi protected environment, belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande—UFCG. The statistical design used was completely randomized in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 6 doses of biochar (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 t∙ha−1) and two varieties of melon (Yellow and Hales Best Jumbo) with 4 repetitions totaling 48 experimental units. The fresh and dry plant phytomass mass (aerial, roots and total), root length and the quality of seedlings were evaluated. It was concluded that the addition of poultry litter biochar to the substrate was beneficial, promoting an increase in the analyzed seedling variables, being the ideal dose for good development of melon seedlings 12 t∙ha−1. The Yellow variety presented a better response than the Hales Best Jumbo to the charcoal application. Considering the advantages of the use of poultry litter biochar on the substrate composition, found in the present study, its utilization constitutes a viable alternative for the development of melon seedlings and for the environmental disposal of the poultry litter.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes During Ethylene Climacteric of Melon Fruit by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene climacteric in melon fruit, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） to generate forward and reverse libraries, for which we sequenced 439 and 445 clones, respectively. Our BLAST analysis showed that the genes from the 2 libraries were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell structure, transcription, translation, and defense. Six genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR during the differential developmental stage of melon fruit. Our results provide new insight into the understanding of climacteric ripening of melon fruit.

Modeling Study of Fruit Morphological Formation in Melon

Modeling of fruit morphological formation in melon is important for realizing virtual and digital plant growth.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in patterns of fruit growth characters during plant development.In cultivar experiments,a high-resolution wireless vision sensor network has been developed to realize non-contact automatic uninterrupted measurement of the fruit shape micro-change （fruit size,color,and net）.Results showed that the fruit swelling process （vertical and horizontal diameters） exhibited a slow-rapid-slow pattern,which could be well described with a logistic curve against growing degree days （GDD）;fruit color changes based on the RGB values could be represented by quadratic relationship to cumulative GDD;the fruit net changes over growth progress could be partitioned into three phases according to the time interval.The first phase was from 1 to 30 days after pollination （DAP）,in which the vertical stripe appeared at fruit middle part and the horizontal stripe at fruit petiole and hilum part as well;the second phase was from 30 to 40 DAP,the horizontal stripe occurred at fruit middle part and the net was formed;the third phase was the process started from 40 DAP,the netted breadth and thickness were gradually increased.The model was validated with the independent data from the experiment,and the mean RMSE （root mean square error） of fruit were 0.36 and 0.28 cm for vertical and horizontal diameters,11.9 for fruit color,and 0.45 cm for stripe length and diameter at varied GDD,respectively.This work is beneficial to a reliable foundation for study the relationship between morphological formation and physiological change of the melon fruit internally and then realize the intelligent precision management to improve the yield and quality of greenhouse melon production.

Estimation of phenotypic divergence in a collection of <i>Cucumis melo</i>from Kerala State, Southern India

A collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.) from Kerala state, Southern India, consisting of thirty three accessions was evaluated for 22 quantitative and 14 qualitative characteristics to estimate the phenotypic diversity. The collection showed appreciable phenotypic diversity in fruit related traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships among the populations. The analysis revealed that the variations in stem hair length, number of nodes per plant on 60th day, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit colour at ripening, fruit rind hardness, flesh colour, flesh firmness, quality of flesh, shelf life, seed colour were the principle characters to discriminate melon accessions evaluated in the present study. When the 33 populations were plotted on the first two principal components, accounting for 49.97% of the total variation, three clusters were identified, accounting for 36 morphological attributes used in the study. The greater part of diversity was accounted for fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit cavity length and diameter, seed length and colour. Flesh area of fruit, flesh thickness, leaf size, seed weight, seed index did not account for variation in the first six principal components of the melon collection. Scatter diagram segregated the acidulus and momordica into different clusters. This evaluation of fruit trait variability can assist geneticists and breeders to identify populations with desirable characteristics for inclusion in various breeding programmes.

哈密瓜(Cucumis melo L.)致腐真菌的鉴定

研究从哈密瓜表面分离出引起其腐败的菌株A和菌株B,并采用显微镜形态学观察、表型特征和分子生物学三种方法对其进行鉴定。结果发现菌株A可利用碳源包括杏苷、糊精、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖酸、麦芽糖、肝糖、L-鼠李糖、L-山梨糖、L-乳酸等72种碳源,其ITS rDNA序列与尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜转化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis)的同源性为99%,分支长度为0.00。菌株B可利用碳源包括L-阿拉伯糖、D-果糖、丙三醇、蔗糖和木糖醇等54种碳源,其ITS rDNA序列与链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)的同源性为100%,分支长度为0.00。因此,推断菌株A为尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜转化型,菌株B为链格孢菌。

球鞋蛋糕 JORDAN MELO M6 FUTURE SOLE

主教练卡尔住院不能亲临现场指挥．群龙无首的掘金在季后赛中早早出局。原意以安东尼在季后舞中的强力表现和生日作为双重发售契机的M6 FUTURE SOLE也只剩下甜瓜26岁生日这一噱头。5月29日安东尼生日当天．

Jordan Melo 11 甜瓜新纪元

“和设计师谈论今年的鞋款时,我告诉他们,对我来说,重要的是拥有一双让我在比赛的四节时间里都能保持同样活力的鞋子.”安东尼说,“不管是起跳还是落地,Melo 11的FlightPlate都具有强大的缓震效果、响应性和弹力.”