Study on the English Creative Noun-Noun Compounds:Based on Metaphorical Thinking

Creative N+N compounds,also known as metaphor or metonymy N+N compounds,are a productive approach to form new words.This category of words is large in number and semantically complex.Research has demonstrated that the creativity of creative N+N compounds stems from the abstract and figurative thinking of people’s cognitive mechanisms.Abstract thinking facilitates the construction of abstract concepts of nouns,while figurative thinking draws connections within and between noun concepts through association and imagination.Metaphor is a source of creative words and meanings,and Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory is a favorable illustration of this innovative process.Additionally,it contributes to the development of cognitive thinking skills and creative abilities.The study of creative N+N compounds helps English learners expand their vocabulary,enhance their lexical sensitivity,and promote metaphorical thinking.From a cognitive linguistic perspective,this study focuses on the cognitive mechanisms of creative N+N compounds and reveals their advantageous implications for English vocabulary teaching.

The Impact of Cultural Context on Metaphorical Meaning in English and Chinese

Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use which is the most active and most able to reflect the cultural factor. Cultural context has a restrictive effect on the metaphorical meaning. Therefore, the understanding and use of metaphor must not be divorced from the underlying cultural context. This paper analyzes similarities and dissimilarities of metaphorical meaning and images in English and Chinese from the perspective of cultural context. The research of metaphor of cultural context would enable us to better understand metaphor and have a successful communication.

Translation Strategy of Metaphorical Phrases from the Cultural Perspective

Translators frequently come across metaphors and similes, which are important ways of figure of speech. Figures of speech are actually vehicles of culture, and metaphorical phrases are the essence of human's culture. So the strategies adopted in the translation of metaphors and similes are the reflection of the translators' attitude towards culture. This paper holds the belief that foreignization should be the main translation strategy when dealing with the metaphorical phrases bearing cultural connotations.

The Metaphorical Analysis of Names in The Story of The Stone

The Story of The Stone is the peak of the art of the novel in ancient China. Its artistic achievement is displayed first of all in its dazzling array of characters. Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Wang Xifeng, Xue Baochai, Yuanyang, Qingwen, and the others all have their distinct personalities and are true to life as if they were living amongst us. These richly complex characters with their different stations in life and divergent views and philosophies act out an intricate pattern of human relationships and conflicts within the Jia family mansion. Apart from their distinct ways of acting and speaking, the peculiarities of their appearances, dress and living arrangements, the names the author gave them also contribute a lot to the successful display of all these characters.

Metaphorical Thinking and Information Processing Ability

Practice of Metaphorical thinking in understanding given information promotes the communication of the two hemispheres by a bundle of connecting fibres, the corpus callosum at neo cortex level and through hippocampus at the level of limbic system. Hence, metaphorical thinking helps learners to make connections and develop patterns and relationships in parallel to the language as well as symbols relevant to the given information.

Reflective Teaching-Learning Process of Integrating Metaphorical Thinking and Visual Imagery

Reflective teaching-learning methodology is a self evaluation technique adopted by teachers to promote motivation within one’s own self in order to make teaching-learning process more interesting and effective task. “If the teacher integrates mind tools such as metaphorical thinking and visual imagery in his/her reflective teaching methodology, the teaching-learning process becomes more challenging, the teacher will develop radiant or divergent thinking as the result teaching-learning process becomes learner centered. The work shop targets teachers or teacher trainees to get acquainted with the technique of practicing metaphorical thinking and visual imagery in reflective teaching methodology. Metaphorical thinking [1] is a natural phenomenon of the human brain to find similarity between two different universes of meaning. Visual imagery is another natural phenomenon in which human brain associates text material with structures in one’s own mind’s eye. Integrating these two mind tools consciously in reflective teaching-learning process transforms the teachers as well as teacher trainees to highly self motivated individuals.

The Multidimensional Description and Investigation of New Color Terms:A Metaphorical Cognitive Approach

This article studies the new color terms in Chinese.It first classifies the color terms from four linguistic aspects:pronunciation,grammar,semantics,linguistic context and the theory of "Four Worlds," namel,language,physics,culture,and psychology.It then summarizes all the characteristics of the new color terms.The study takes questionnaires as supplementary data,explores and proves the interactive relationship between metaphorical expression and cognitive psychology of new color words.The life span of such new color terms is also discussed.

An Empirical Study on English Metaphorical Idioms from Cognitive Perspective

English metaphorical idiom expressions are usually incredibly difficult for English learners to acquire because they are stored in long-term memory and specified with regard to their semantic and syntactic structure as well as their pragmatic applicability. Although English idioms are hard to master, some English learners can acquire them as well as native speakers.There must be some efficient approaches in their process of acquiring. This paper tries to study whether the background information of English metaphorical idioms has crucial function or not in the process of language internalization through a series of empirical studies and interviews. It also tries to promote some strategies and suggestions on acquiring metaphorical idioms by contrasting test results from different target groups.

A Stylistic Study on William Blake’s Poetry from the Perspective of Metaphorical Iconicity

This study is devoted to the stylistic analysis of William Blake’s poetry from the perspective of metaphorical iconicity to achieve the aesthetic value and literary connotation of poetry,and eventually the author and readers can obtain a much better appreciation towards poetry from a new angle and it will definitely enrich the study fruits of poetry.

A Comparative Study on the Metaphorical Meanings and Translations of Green and绿

Language is not only a part of culture,but also the carrier and container of culture.However,due to differences in cultur⁃al background,customs,historical and geographical environment,language expression is also different.As a part of language,col⁃or words are usually endowed with corresponding metaphorical meaning.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the differences be⁃tween English and Chinese color words“green”and“绿”,and explores the translation methods of English and Chinese color words.

A Study of Metaphorical Noun-noun Compounds and Adjective-noun Compounds in English

Compounds are constantly used in everyday language,which has a significant contribution to forming new words in Eng lish.The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of its constituents,partly because some of those compounds bear metaphori cal/metonymic sense.This article focuses on the study of the metaphorical noun-noun compounds and adjective-noun compounds in English.Based on the semantic relationship between the compound and the constituents,and the parts that metaphorical sense occurs in the compound,three main types of metaphorical adjective-noun compounds were identified.

A Metaphorical Study on Conversions from Animal Nouns to Verbs in English

In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explores the motivations of this language phenomenon,and points out that verbs converted from animal nouns can help enrich the vocabulary,make the expression vivid and concise,and achieve certain pragmatic effects as well.Second,it studies the mechanisms of the conversion by analyzing the mapping process and similarities between two domains.Last it points out the importance of the context and the geographic factor in understanding verbs converted from animal nouns.

A Study on the Metaphorical Translation of Pound’s Book of Songs from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

The Book of Songs is the first collection of Poems in China,which is a very important milestone in the history of Chinese literature.There are abundant metaphorical expressions in The Book of Songs,providing valuable resources for linguistics,rhetoric and literature research.This study selects the most representative metaphors of women and marriage in The Book of Songs as the research object.Guided by Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory,this study explores the metaphorical translation in Pound’s Book of Songs from the perspective of cognitive effect.It is found that Pound mainly adopts the translation strategies of vehicle equivalence,vehicle conversion and metaphor to simile in the process of translating female metaphors and marriage metaphors in The Book of Songs.

Metaphorical Construction of Marriage among Kenyan Swahili Speakers

This study investigates how Kenyans conceptualize marriage.It employs Metaphor Identification Procedure in identifying metaphors on marriage as they are used by Kenyan Swahili speakers.Data for this research is drawn from“Mawaidha na Bi.Msafwari”a programme aired on Citizen TV(a Kenyan TV station)every Saturday evening after the seven o’clock news.The metaphors are then subjected to analysis using The Conceptual Metaphor Theory.The study concludes that marriage is construed in different ways by Kenyan Swahili speakers,it is conceptualized as a house,an eatery,a prison,a school,a journey,a road,a body,a government/kingdom,a garden,a war,a relationship and as a baby.The various conceptualizations by Kenyans determine their attitudes and general orientation towards marriage.

A Study of Image-Schema-Based Metaphorical Extension of Verbal Polysemy

The researcher analyzes the distribution and types of image-schema-based metaphorical extension(or IS-based meta-extension) in the semantic extension of 203 polysemous verbs,which can be named as PVs and are randomly selected from Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(2nd Edition,1993).She finds that IS-based meta-extension is pervasive in the semantic extension of verbal polysemy.Specif ically,she f inds 77.83% of the samples can be analyzed in terms of IS-based Meta-extension,and PVs that can be analyzed in terms of path-IS-based,force-IS-based,containerIS-based,path+force-IS-based,and path+container-IS-based metaphorical extension,together making up 70.44% of the samples.

A Study on the Metaphorical Image of Cantonese Cuisine and Its Translation

Guangdong, as one of the many tourist attractions in China, has gained increasing popularity among travelers around the globe. The image of the place is by and large determined by several respects, among which, the most prominent is no other than the food, Cantonese cuisine, whose dish names are usually rich in metaphors. This paper aims to analyze the metaphors embedded deeply in the dish names, with hope to decipher the mapping from the source domain, or the metaphorical image, to the target do?main, so as to help deliver a viable solution to translate them, and improve the image of Cantonese cuisine.

Metaphorical Study on Color Terms in "Gone with the wind"

The metaphorical meaning of color terms can make language more vivid.The use of metaphorical meaning of color terms in the works by many authors can make it more attractive.The paper discusses the metaphorical meaning of color terms through data collection and analyzes how the author use the metaphorical meaning of color terms to express cruel war and bright future.

A Cognitive Study of Word-formation of Chinese New Metaphorical Compounds

A great deal of new words are emerging and coming into vogue.Most of the previous studies on Chinese new words focused on their classification,form and meaning,as well as the social motivations.This thesis chooses to study the concept metaphor of Chinese new metaphorical compounds from the cognitive perspective based on 396 new words in 2010 and aims to classify the new metaphorical words in a new way and pay attention to the analysis of word formation of new metaphorical compounds.Besides,this paper attempts to explore the understanding process of metaphorical new words.

On Translation Strategies of Literal and Metaphorical Sense——Taking Chinese word'jiayou'as an Example

This paper explores the metaphorical translation methods about Literal Translation and Free Translation,and analyzes the features of metaphors in certain occasions and the translation examples of some typical type of metaphors.The author holds that no matter what translation strategies are adopted,readers' acceptability should always be put at the first place.