Possible Relevance of the Allende Meteorite Conditions in Prebiotic Chemistry: An Insight into the Chondrules and Organic Compounds

The study of the mineral and organic content of the Allende meteorite is important for our understanding of the molecular evolution of the universe as well as the ancient Earth. Previous studies have characterized the magnetic minerals present in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, providing information on the evolution of magnetic fields. The interaction of organic compounds with magnetic minerals is a possible source of chemical diversity, which is crucial for molecular evolution. Carbon compounds in meteorites are of great scientific interest for a variety of reasons, such as their relevance to the origins of chirality in living organisms. This study presents the characterization of organic and mineral compounds in the Allende meteorite. The structural and physicochemical characterization of the Allende meteorite was accomplished through light microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction with complementary Rietveld refinement, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy using magnetic signal methods to determine the complex structure and the interaction of organic compounds with magnetic Ni-Fe minerals. The presence of Liesegang-like patterns of chondrules in fragments of the Allende structure may also be relevant to understanding how the meteorite was formed. Other observations include the presence of magnetic materials and nanorod-like solids with relatively similar sizes as well as the heterogeneous distribution of carbon in chondrules. Signals observed in the Raman and infrared spectra resemble organic compounds such as carbon nanotubes and peptide-like molecules that have been previously reported in other meteorites, making the Mexican Allende meteorite a feasible sample for the study of the early Earth and exoplanetary bodies.

Siderophile Element Compositions of Pyroxenes in HED Meteorites: Implications for the Differentiation of Magma Ocean on Vesta

1 Introduction The howardite,eucrite and diogenite(HED)meteorites are ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks and impact-engendered breccias derived from a thoroughly differentiated asteroid 4 Vesta.Diogenites include dunites,

Meteorite Chelyabinsk: Features of Destruction

A space object exploded near the city of Chelyabinsk on February 15, 2013. Meteorite fragments reached the Earth’s surface, and accordingly we may consider this space object to have been a meteorite. However, this event showed a number of features not corresponding to the destruction of a meteorite. The space object began to disintegrate at an altitude of 70 km when pressure (dynamical loads) on its front surface was ~6.7 × 103 N·m-2. The substance from the object’s surface was not blown off by drops, as at ablation, but was dumped by jets over a distance up to 1 km. The trail of this space object visually reminded us of a jet aircraft’s contrail, made up of water. But there is no enough water at altitudes of 30 - 70 km. It may be assumed that the object itself delivered water to these altitudes. The calculation of gas rise over the trail showed that the temperature in some parts of this trail was about 900 K. Heating of large masses of gas can be explained not only by the release of kinetic energy of the space object, but also by combustion processes of its substance. Thus, it was concluded that the meteorite could have been delivered by a comet.

Challenges of identifying putative planetary-origin meteorites of non-igneous material

This paper summarizes the challenges of identifying planetary-origin meteorites of non-igneous composition - particularly those of sedimentary origin.Evidence for putative sedimentary-origin (sedtype) meteorites and their potential parent bodies is reviewed,suggesting that the list of candidate parent bodies for sed-type meteorites includes,but is not limited to,Mars,Enceladus,Ganymede,Europa,Ceres,Vesta,and other hypothetical planets that existed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the past.The extraterrestrial origin and probable parent body for sed-type meteorites should be assessed based on multiple lines of evidence,and not solely limited to tests of oxygen and noble gas isotopes,whose signatures may undergo terrestrial contamination and which may exhibit significant heterogeneity within both the Solar System and parent cosmic bodies.The observed fall of a cosmic body,evidence of hypervelocity fall,signs of impact,presence of fusion crust,melting,and/or shock deformation features in impactor fragments should be considered as priority signs of meteoritic origin.

Mineralogy and Petrology of A New Lunar Meteorite M16005

1 Introduction M16005 is a lunar meteorite found recently.Optical and microprobe examinations reveal that it is a well consolidated,polymict regolith breccia.M16005 is composed of abundant mineral fragments and a

MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF FIRED SHENQIU METEORITES

The Shenqiu meteorite was investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature, atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In order to determine fired conditions of the meteorite which occurred during the meteorite fall, Shenqiu meteorite samples were fired in an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere at temperatures up to 1300℃, respectively. These samples also were fired at 800, 1000 and 1200 ℃ respectively for different time (up to 24 h).

Compositions and possible sources of lunar meteorite NWA 4884

1 Introduction Lunar mare basalts represent the products of partial remelting of deep mantle sources and provide windows into the compositions of lunar interior.Nine Apollo andLuna missions returned large amounts of mare basaltic samples,while remote sensing suggests that sampled basalts may cover only a small number of the lunar

A special unbrecciated granoblastic textured basaltic eucrite meteorite

1 Introduction Generally,we can observe varying degree of ophitic texture or sub-ophitic texture in unbrecciated basaltic eucrites.However,a few unbrecciated basaltic eucritespossess the special characteristic of crystalloblastic texture by high metamorphism,which are called as granoblastic textured basaltic eucrites(Mayne et al.2009,

A Study of Chondrules in the Boxian Meteorite from Anhui Province, China

The types of chondrules in the Boxian meteorite have been determined Electron microprobe nalvsis ofvarious textural types of chondrules in the meteorite has revealed the composition ofglassy chondrules and oftheir glassy matrix,Also presented in this paper are the related explanations.In addition.the genesis,texturaldiversity and evolution of the chondrules as well as the olivine girdles observed in the chondrules arediscussed.

SEARCH FOR FOSSIL TRACKS FORMED BY COSMIC NUCLEARITES IN METEORITES

Based on the proposal by Witten,De Rujula and Glashow,we carried out the experimental search on two meteorites for the fossil tracks formed by cosmic nuclearites with masses ranging from M~6×10^(-4)g up to very large mass.An upper limit 2km-2y-1(2πsr)-1 was obtained for the cosmic nuclearites with masses larger than 6×10^(-4)g which passed through these meteorites.

Alpha Centauri System and Meteorites Origin

We propose a mathematical model for determining the probability of meteorite origin, impacting the earth. Our method is based on axioms similar to both the complex networks and emergent gravity. As a consequence, we are able to derive a link between complex networks and Newton’s gravity law, and as a possible application of our model we discuss several aspects of the Bacubirito meteorite. In particular, we analyze the possibility that the origin of this meteorite may be alpha Centauri system. Moreover, we find that in order for the Bacubirito meteorite to come from alpha Cen and be injected into our Solar System, its velocity must be reduced one order of magnitude of its ejected scape velocity from alpha Cen. There are several ways how this could happened, for example through collision with the Oort cloud objects (located outside the boundary of our Solar System), and/or through collisions within the Solar meteorites belt (located between Mars and Jupiter). We also argue that it may be interesting to study the Bacubirito meteorite from the perspective of the recently discovered Oumuamua object.

The chemical compositions of Antarctic iron meteorites and their classification

（王道德）（陈永亨）ＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｉｒｏｎｍｅｔｅｏｒｉｔｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ￥ＷａｎｇＤａｏｄｅａｎｄＣｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｈｅｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｚｈｕｏＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...

Electrical Resistivity Survey in Bukit Bunuh, Malaysia for Subsurface Structure of Meteorite Impact Study

An electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) study was conducted at Bukit Bunuh, Lenggong Perak (Malaysia). The study is to justify the features and environmental subsurface geological structure which is due to the meteorite impact. The ERT survey used resistivity equipments comprises of 4 survey lines with 5 m electrode intervals, covering an area of approximately 64 km2. The survey lines were carried out using ‘roll-along’ technique. The data were processed and analysed using RES2DINV, Excel and Surfer software in order to produce electrical resistivity tomography for qualitative interpretations. The results show the variation of resistivity value and faults. The 2-D resistivity results generally show the study area was divided into two main zones, alluvium with resistivity value of 10 - 800 Ωm, and bedrock with resistivity value of > 1500 Ωm and depth of 20 - 40 m. There are lots of fractured zones which are different than normal, identified along the survey lines. The South-North line shows the fractured zones were identified at 760 - 3800 m and 4700 - 5900 m. The West-East line, the fractured zone was identified at 1545 - 6570 m and North-West to South-East line, the fractured zone was identified at 740 - 5850 m. Meanwhile, South-West to North-East line, the fractured zone was identified at 720 - 1520 m. These interesting results were indicated at position of longitude;100.965 - 100.978 and latitude;5.056 - 5.066 where the bedrock depth is 40 - 60 m MSL and highly fractured. The area was surrounded by high elevated bedrock. Integration of 2-D resistivity results with boreholes is successful give valid and reliable results. The results of the study indicate that these geophysical approaches have a capability of retrieving the meteorite impact subsurface of the studied area.

The digital mapping of satellite images under no ground control and the distribution of landform, blue ice and meteorites in the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

The colorful satellite image maps with the scale of 1∶100000 were made by processing the parameters-on-satellite under the condition of no data of field surveying. The purpose is to ensure the smooth performance of the choice of expedition route, navigation and research task before the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) first made researches on the Grove Mountains. Moreover, on the basis of the visual interpretation of the satellite image, we preliminarily analyze and discuss the relief and landform, blue ice and meteorite distribution characteristics in the Grove Mountains.

Arab metallurgy owes much to meteorites iron—A special regard to Damask saber

Ancient Arabs have recognized metallic and mineral ores, including their fluid inclusions which were still considered as a new scientific fields in the 70’s last century. They discovered metallic ores (gold, silver, copper), in inhabited areas and in delta and river crosses, using different techniques for exploration and exploitation. Metallic industry flourished during the Islamic period, silver and gold were used as currency for commercial exchanges. Meteorites were also recognized by Ancient Arabs. They collected them in the deserted areas, and used them for arms manufacturing, as sabers and daggers. The more famous of these arms is the Damask saber steel, known reputedly Jaohar. It has an extraordinary mechanical properties, and exceptional sharp cutting edge. The Jaohar blades were forged directly from fall meteorites, at temperature of 80℃, using a sophistical thermomechanical of forging, annealing to refine the steel, and giving it this exceptional quality and superelastic behavior. Meteorites using by Ancient Arabs come back to 400 years ago, as confirmed by a recent research on two meteorites samples, presented in Aleppo museum, found in Ras Shamra, and Umm El Maraa, in Syria.

Meteorite impact craters as hotspots for mineral resources and energy fuels:A global review

The ever-increasing recovery rate of natural resources from terrestrial impact craters over the last fewdecades across the globe offers new avenues for further exploration of mineral and hydrocarbon resources in such settings.As of today,60 of the 208 terrestrial craters have been identified to host diverseresources such as hydrocarbons,metals and construction materials.The potential of craters as plausibleresource contributors to the energy sector is therefore,worthy of consideration,as 42(70%)of the 60craters host energy resources such as oil,gas,coal,uranium,mercury,critical and major minerals as wellas hydropower resources.Among others,19 craters are of well-developed hydrocarbon reserves.Mineraldeposits associated with craters are also classified similar to other mineral resources such as progenetic,syngenetic and epigenetic sources.Of these,the progenetic and syngenetic mineralization are confinedto the early and late excavation stage of impact crater evolution,respectively,whereas epigenetic deposits are formed during and after the modification stage of crater formation.Thus,progenetic andsyngenetic mineral deposits(like Fe,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cu)associated with craters are formed as a directresult of the impact event,whereas epigenetic deposits(e.g.hydrocarbon)are hosted by the impactstructure and result from post-impact processes.In the progenetic and syngenetic deposits,the shockwave induced fracturing and melting aid the formation of deposits,whereas in the epigenetic deposits,the highly fractured lithostratigraphic units of higher porosity and permeability,like the centralelevated area(CEA)or the rim,act as traps.In this review,we provide a holistic view of the mineral andenergy resources associated with impact craters,and use some of the remote sensing techniques toidentify the mineral deposits as supplemented by a schematic model of the types of deposits formedduring cratering process.

Mineralogy of Meteorites from the North-Eastern India: A Brief Review

We present a brief overview of meteorites from the north-eastern India, with a focus on falls, finds, and research developments. To date, out of a total 150 numbers of meteorites fall/find in India (in Meteoritical Bulletin Database), only six meteorites from north-eastern region have received official international recognition from the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society. Among these six meteorites, 2 finds and 4 falls, including one ureilite, two H chondrites and three L chondrites. The first meteorite from north-eastern India (Assam L5, Find) was documented in 1846. After a lack of 153 years, the first fall (Sabrum LL6 chondrite) was documented in 1999. The most recent fall is Kamargaon (L6) chondrite in 2015. Intensively researched meteorites of this region are Goalpara and Dergaon. The reported most massive meteorite of north-eastern India is Mahadevpur (H4/5) chondrite, 70.5 kg of total known weight, and the rest are <13 kg of total known weight. The researches on these meteorites from north-east India can be applied to the newly recovered meteorites to understand the astrophysical enigma.

Quantum Meteorites: An Extemporaneous Description of the System of the World

We extemporaneously summarize the theoretical scheme we have introduced recently in this note to account for the (hidden) functioning of the System of the World at the quantum level. We further explore the relevance, the pertinence and the potential validity of this scheme. We obtain new fundamental results, bearing notably on the nature and the origin of the “virtual particles” conventionally called upon in quantum field theories to explain the Casimir Effect. We define the concept of quantum meteorites in this context. We disable the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, judged to be a (mis) interpretation of otherwise legitimate observations, and we replace it with our new XQP Absolute Certainty Principle.

CRATERING METEORITE OF BAISHA CRATER,HAINAN ISLAND,CHINA

Studies on the aerolite fragments from Baisha crater, Hainan Island prove that they belong to calcium-rich achondrite which are relicts of cratering meteorite of the Baisha crater.These flat-ball shaped aerolite fragments, size being 21cm×18.5cm×8.7cm, were found in a creek within the Baisha crater. This hard aerolite weigh 3.75 kg with a density of 3.46g/cm3. It is mantled by a 0.1-0.5cm thick ,brown shell and its fresh section is dark-grey. The aerolite is characterized by porphyritic texture and no spherulitic texture has been found. Microscopic examination, X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic probe

Gupeiite Body in the Siberian Taiga (the Zone of Passage of the Tunguska Meteorite and the Vitim Bollid)

Many years have passed since the two cosmic bodies of the Tunguska meteorite and the Vitim bollid fell to Earth, but so far the substance of these bodies has not been found on Earth. Therefore, each metal body found on the territory of their passage is of particular interest. The body of iron silicide weighing 12 kg was studied, which was accidentally discovered by a hunter of the village of Kyker in the Siberian taiga on the right bank of the Nercha River, Tungokochensky district, Trans-Baikal Territory. Coordinates of the place of discovery are: 53º19'N lat, 116º19'E long. The territory is located in the zone of the passage of the Tunguska meteorite and the Vitim bollid, 25 km from the hunting village of Green Lake. The body is named “Ilekta” after the nearest stream flowing into the Nercha River. The composition and magnetic properties of the exotic find have been determined. It is established that its main mass is composed of iron silicide, gupesiite Fe3Si (zussite?) and contains inclusions of needle-like rhabdite. On the surface, the body is covered with a melting crust, with signs of boiling, a bubbly structure and a film of clay minerals of terrestrial origin. In the molten porous crust, eutectic-schreibersite-gupeiite is observed, and rare titanium carbide crystals are also noted. The magnetic susceptibility of the samples is not uniform (286.6 - 461.8 10-6E-06 m3/kg). It is assumed that a drop of melt separated from the flying space body, and experienced overheating and boiling of the surface layer in the dense layers of the atmosphere.