Pilot plant studies on 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)removal in drinking water by biological activated carbon-sand filter(BACSF)were conducted in this paper.The biological activated carbon was chosen from a BAC filter of a...Pilot plant studies on 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)removal in drinking water by biological activated carbon-sand filter(BACSF)were conducted in this paper.The biological activated carbon was chosen from a BAC filter of an advanced treatment plant which has operated for 1 year.The results showed that the BACSF worked effectively when high concentrations of MIB in raw water especially in summer season.Most of the MIB was removed within 450 mm of the top packed media and the removal rate was 75.24%.The biomass on the surface of activated carbon increased to 103 nmolP/g carbon in August.In addition to MIB,turbidity,UV254 and DOC consumption value are also effectively removed by BACSF.The micro flocculation in combination with BACSF enhanced filtration test provided the evidence that the micro-flocculation made the contaminant in water forming the colloidal matter and it improved the BACSF removal ability of MIB.The optimum PACl dosage was 0.2 mg/L and the PACl contact time was 2-4 min.展开更多
Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinkin...Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds - 2-methyl isobomeol （MIB） and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a full- scale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ineffective for removal of M1B/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be effective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more effective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and effectiveness of the treatment system.展开更多
Odor problems in source water caused by 2-methylisoborneol(MIB) have been a common issue in China recently, posing a high risk to drinking water safety. The earthy-musty odorant MIB has an extremely low odor threshol...Odor problems in source water caused by 2-methylisoborneol(MIB) have been a common issue in China recently, posing a high risk to drinking water safety. The earthy-musty odorant MIB has an extremely low odor threshold(4–16 ng/L) and is hard to remove via conventional processes in drinking water plants(DWP), and therefore could easily provoke complaints from consumers. This compound is produced by a group of filamentous cyanobacteria, mainly belonging to Oscillatoriales. Different from the well-studied surface-blooming Microcystis, filamentous cyanobacteria have specific niche characteristics that allow them to stay at a subsurface or deep layer in the water column. The underwater bloom of these MIB producers is therefore passively determined by the underwater light availability, which is governed by the cell density of surface scum. This suggests that drinking water reservoirs with relatively low nutrient contents are not able to support surface blooms, but are a fairly good fit to the specialized ecological niche of filamentous cyanobacteria;this could explain the widespread odor problems in source water. At present, MIB is mainly treated in DWP using advanced treatment processes and/or activated carbon, but these post-treatment methods have high cost, and not able to deal with water containing high MIB concentrations.Thus, in situ control of MIB producers in source water is an effective complement and is desirable. Lowering the underwater light availability is a possible measure to control MIB producers according to their niche characteristics, which can be obtained by either changing the water level or other measures.展开更多
Powered activated carbon （PAC） is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） by PAC adsorption, combined with coagula...Powered activated carbon （PAC） is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） by PAC adsorption, combined with coagulation using iron as a coagulant. The adsorption and coagulation process were studied through different case scenarios of jar tests. The analysis evaluated the effect of PAC dosing in the liquid phase immediately before or after the coagulant addition. Ferric sulphate was used as the coagulant with dosages from 10 to 30 mg/L, and PAC dosages varied from 10 to 40 mg/L. The highest MIB removal efficiency （about 70%） was achieved without the coagulant addition and with the highest PAC dosage （40 mg/L）. Lower MIB removal efficiencies were observed in the presence of coagulant, showing a clear interference of the iron precipitate or coagulant in the adsorption process. The degree of interference of the coagulation process in the MIB removal was proportional to the ratio of ferric hydroxide mass to the PAC mass. For both cases of PAC dosing, upstream and downstream of the coagulant injection point, the MIB removal efficiency was similar. However, MIB removal efficiency was 15% lower when compared with experiments without the coagulant application. This interference in the MIB adsorption occurs potentially because the coagulant coats the surface of the carbon and interferes with the MIB coming in contact with the carbon＇s surface and pores. This constraint requires an increase of the PAC dosage to provide the same efficiency observed without coagulation.展开更多
目的研究根皮苷对食管癌细胞系表达谱的影响,探索根皮苷作用于食管癌细胞系的信号通路及其潜在功能。方法使用根皮苷处理人食管癌KYSE450细胞,提取总RNA并建立测序文库,进行转录组测序;使用DESeq2程序鉴定差异表达基因,对差异表达基因...目的研究根皮苷对食管癌细胞系表达谱的影响,探索根皮苷作用于食管癌细胞系的信号通路及其潜在功能。方法使用根皮苷处理人食管癌KYSE450细胞,提取总RNA并建立测序文库,进行转录组测序;使用DESeq2程序鉴定差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析;使用MCODE进行差异基因核心模块筛选,使用GEPIA数据库分析核心模块中的基因对食管癌生存的影响;使用TIMER在线分析根皮苷对食管癌组织免疫细胞浸润的影响。结果转录组测序结果显示,根皮苷处理后的食管癌细胞具有4602个差异表达基因,其中2407个为上调基因,2195个为下调基因。通路富集分析显示,根皮苷对蛋白质加工、胰岛素抵抗、基因复制和细胞周期等信号通路产生影响。在差异表达基因核心模块中,E3泛素蛋白连接酶2(E3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 2,MIB2)高表达可降低食管癌患者的总体生存率;环指蛋白19B(ring finger protein19B,RNF19B)、三重基序蛋白69(tripartite motif-containing protein 69,TRIM69)、泛素连接酶(ubiquitin conjugating enzyme,UBC)和克隆E3泛素连接酶(homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus domain containing 2,HECTD2)的表达水平可影响食管癌癌组织的纯度以及免疫细胞浸润的类型。结论根皮苷可影响食管癌细胞的转录谱,其差异表达基因主要集中在细胞生长相关的信号通路。展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50678046)
文摘Pilot plant studies on 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)removal in drinking water by biological activated carbon-sand filter(BACSF)were conducted in this paper.The biological activated carbon was chosen from a BAC filter of an advanced treatment plant which has operated for 1 year.The results showed that the BACSF worked effectively when high concentrations of MIB in raw water especially in summer season.Most of the MIB was removed within 450 mm of the top packed media and the removal rate was 75.24%.The biomass on the surface of activated carbon increased to 103 nmolP/g carbon in August.In addition to MIB,turbidity,UV254 and DOC consumption value are also effectively removed by BACSF.The micro flocculation in combination with BACSF enhanced filtration test provided the evidence that the micro-flocculation made the contaminant in water forming the colloidal matter and it improved the BACSF removal ability of MIB.The optimum PACl dosage was 0.2 mg/L and the PACl contact time was 2-4 min.
文摘Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds - 2-methyl isobomeol （MIB） and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a full- scale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ineffective for removal of M1B/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be effective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more effective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and effectiveness of the treatment system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878649,52030002)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0204100)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS。
文摘Odor problems in source water caused by 2-methylisoborneol(MIB) have been a common issue in China recently, posing a high risk to drinking water safety. The earthy-musty odorant MIB has an extremely low odor threshold(4–16 ng/L) and is hard to remove via conventional processes in drinking water plants(DWP), and therefore could easily provoke complaints from consumers. This compound is produced by a group of filamentous cyanobacteria, mainly belonging to Oscillatoriales. Different from the well-studied surface-blooming Microcystis, filamentous cyanobacteria have specific niche characteristics that allow them to stay at a subsurface or deep layer in the water column. The underwater bloom of these MIB producers is therefore passively determined by the underwater light availability, which is governed by the cell density of surface scum. This suggests that drinking water reservoirs with relatively low nutrient contents are not able to support surface blooms, but are a fairly good fit to the specialized ecological niche of filamentous cyanobacteria;this could explain the widespread odor problems in source water. At present, MIB is mainly treated in DWP using advanced treatment processes and/or activated carbon, but these post-treatment methods have high cost, and not able to deal with water containing high MIB concentrations.Thus, in situ control of MIB producers in source water is an effective complement and is desirable. Lowering the underwater light availability is a possible measure to control MIB producers according to their niche characteristics, which can be obtained by either changing the water level or other measures.
基金Fundao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (So Paulo-Brazil) for the financial support of this study (PhD scholarship Post-Doctorate 03/00536-6)
文摘Powered activated carbon （PAC） is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） by PAC adsorption, combined with coagulation using iron as a coagulant. The adsorption and coagulation process were studied through different case scenarios of jar tests. The analysis evaluated the effect of PAC dosing in the liquid phase immediately before or after the coagulant addition. Ferric sulphate was used as the coagulant with dosages from 10 to 30 mg/L, and PAC dosages varied from 10 to 40 mg/L. The highest MIB removal efficiency （about 70%） was achieved without the coagulant addition and with the highest PAC dosage （40 mg/L）. Lower MIB removal efficiencies were observed in the presence of coagulant, showing a clear interference of the iron precipitate or coagulant in the adsorption process. The degree of interference of the coagulation process in the MIB removal was proportional to the ratio of ferric hydroxide mass to the PAC mass. For both cases of PAC dosing, upstream and downstream of the coagulant injection point, the MIB removal efficiency was similar. However, MIB removal efficiency was 15% lower when compared with experiments without the coagulant application. This interference in the MIB adsorption occurs potentially because the coagulant coats the surface of the carbon and interferes with the MIB coming in contact with the carbon＇s surface and pores. This constraint requires an increase of the PAC dosage to provide the same efficiency observed without coagulation.
文摘目的研究根皮苷对食管癌细胞系表达谱的影响,探索根皮苷作用于食管癌细胞系的信号通路及其潜在功能。方法使用根皮苷处理人食管癌KYSE450细胞,提取总RNA并建立测序文库,进行转录组测序;使用DESeq2程序鉴定差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析;使用MCODE进行差异基因核心模块筛选,使用GEPIA数据库分析核心模块中的基因对食管癌生存的影响;使用TIMER在线分析根皮苷对食管癌组织免疫细胞浸润的影响。结果转录组测序结果显示,根皮苷处理后的食管癌细胞具有4602个差异表达基因,其中2407个为上调基因,2195个为下调基因。通路富集分析显示,根皮苷对蛋白质加工、胰岛素抵抗、基因复制和细胞周期等信号通路产生影响。在差异表达基因核心模块中,E3泛素蛋白连接酶2(E3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 2,MIB2)高表达可降低食管癌患者的总体生存率;环指蛋白19B(ring finger protein19B,RNF19B)、三重基序蛋白69(tripartite motif-containing protein 69,TRIM69)、泛素连接酶(ubiquitin conjugating enzyme,UBC)和克隆E3泛素连接酶(homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus domain containing 2,HECTD2)的表达水平可影响食管癌癌组织的纯度以及免疫细胞浸润的类型。结论根皮苷可影响食管癌细胞的转录谱,其差异表达基因主要集中在细胞生长相关的信号通路。
