模块化建筑物化阶段减排效率评价研究

相比于传统现场浇筑方式,模块化建筑物化阶段特有的生产方式在理论上可以有效减少碳排放。模块化建筑物化阶段减排活动复杂,对减排管理提出了新挑战。首先,识别模块化建筑物化阶段碳排影响因素,从项目概况、建材消耗、能源消耗、运输与仓储、施工组织、生态环境6个方面建立评价指标体系;其次,采用模糊层次综合评价法(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,FAHP)评价法构建减排效率评价模型;最后,结合模块化项目案例提出节能减排措施。通过案例分析发现,建材消耗对减排效率影响最大,其次为项目概况和施工组织;模块化项目案例在项目概况、施工组织上存在巨大的节能减排优势,在其他方面的节能减排还有待加强。通过模块化建筑物化阶段减排效率评价研究,探索其节能减排潜力,可为模块化建筑节能减排策略提供参考。

4种抗菌药物梯度试条法与琼脂稀释法测定MIC的比较

本文报告一种简便、实用的ＭＩＣ测定方法，即抗生素敏感试验梯度试条法，并将该法与经典的琼脂稀释法所得结果进行了比较。结果表明：４种药物两法之间的符合率为６９．５７～７６．０９％，平均７３．８％；相关系数均＞０．９０。该法操作简便，抑菌域清晰，有尖锐的终点，读数直观，结果准确，重现性较好。

基于细菌MIC的结核分枝杆菌耐药分析

目的：了解结核分枝杆菌耐药情况，为结核病诊治提供科学依据。方法：将河北省保定市传染病医院2013年8月1日～2015年4月31日期间成功分离培养到的结核分枝杆菌233株，使用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感试验。结果：保定市结核患者的总耐药率43.4%、单耐药率17.2%、耐多药率17.6%、非耐多药的多耐药率7.3%、广泛耐药率1.3%。结论：保定市耐多药结核病的发生率较全国平均水平偏高，结核耐药的现状应该引起重视。

氮杂尿苷对三株腐败菌抑菌活性的测定

目的:以二酮哌嗪为母核,对其结构修饰得到的30种化合物进行抑菌活性筛选,找到对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella spp.)和铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)抑菌效果理想的化合物。方法:首先采用紫外吸收光谱法定期测定放入光照振荡培养箱中菌悬液和营养肉汤的吸光度,得到三株腐败菌的生长曲线。其次采用纸片琼脂扩散法对药物的抑菌活性进行筛选,从30种化合物中筛出有抑菌效果的化合物。最后采用肉汤稀释法结合紫外分光光度计测定最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC)。结果:氮杂尿苷对三株腐败菌的MIC均为3.42 mg/mL,且抑菌效果随着药物浓度的增大而增大。结论:氮杂尿苷对三种腐败菌具有较为显著的抑菌作用,这为后期防腐保鲜剂的研发提供了一定数据参考和理论支持。

In-vitro antimicrobial activity of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial aclivily of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MDRSA).Methods:Fifty one actinobacterial strains were isolated from salt pans soil,costal area in Kothapattanam,Ongole,Andhra Pradesh.Primary screening was done using cross-streak method against MDRSA.The bioaclive compounds are extracted from efficient actinobacteria using solvent extraction.The antimicrobial activity of crude and solvent extracts was perfomied using Kirby-Bauer method.MIC for ethyl acetate extract was determined by modified agar well diffusion method.The potent actinobacteria are identified using Nonomura key,Shirling and Gottlieb 1966 with Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.Results:Among the fifty one isolates screened for antibacterial activity,SRB25were found efficient against MDRSA.The ethyl acetate extracts showed high inhibition against test organism.MIC test was performed with the ethyl acetate extract against MDRSA and found to be 1 000μg/mL.The isolaled actinobacteria are identified as Streptomyces sp with the help of Nonomura key.Conclusions:The current investigation reveals that the marine actinobacteria from salt pan environment can be able to produce new drug molecules against drug resistant microorganisms.

MIC in Circulating Cooling Water System

MIC is one of the main problems of circulating cooling water system. The direct economic loss by MIC is about 300 to 500 billion dollars. It is good to understand MIC in order to control MIC. Source and species of microorganisms was introduced firstly. There are three kinds of microorganisms in the system, including bacteria, fungi and algae. Species of these microorganisms are shown in the paper. Then, mechanisms of MIC are analysed. Although there is no universal mechanism of MIC, MIC is still mainly an electrochemical corrosion in nature. Meanwhile, the mechanisms on SRB and iron bacteria are introduced in details. At last, several methods of microorganisms control are put forward in the paper.

基于非智力因素的MIC大学英语教学方法

本文从教育学和心理学的角度分析并探讨了非智力因素在大学英语教学中的重要作用,并结合笔者的实际教学经验,提出了基于动机激发、兴趣培养和自信心建立的大学英语教学方法(简称MIC教学方法),并详细介绍了该教学法的具体实施方案。实践证明,该教学方法是切实有效的。

In Vitro Antibacterial Test of Alkaline Hydrogen Water on Four Kinds of Common Pathogenic Microorganisms

[Objective] The paper was to investigate in vitro antibacterial effect of alkaline hydrogen water on Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.[Method] With Cortex cinnamomi extract（1 g/m L） and pure water as the control,the minimal inhibitory concentrations（MIC） against four kinds of common pathogenic microorganisms were tested through microdilution method.[Result] When the alkaline hydrogen water was diluted to 1/8 times of the original concentration,it had significant antibacterial effects on four kinds of common mi-croorganisms with the concentration of 1.5 ×10^5 CFU/m L,which had equivalent effect with C.cinnamomi extract group.[Conclusion]The alkaline hydrogen water has remarkable antibacterial effects on the four kinds of common microorganisms,which may provide a new important way for pre-venting disease occurrence and reducing the harms of pathogenic microorganisms.

Scalability of 3D deterministic particle transport on the Intel MIC architecture

The key to large-scale parallel solutions of deterministic particle transport problem is single-node computation performance. Hence, single-node computation is often parallelized on multi-core or many-core computer architectures. However, the number of on-chip cores grows quickly with the scale-down of feature size in semiconductor technology. In this paper, we present a scalability investigation of one energy group time-independent deterministic discrete ordinates neutron transport in 3D Cartesian geometry(Sweep3D) on Intel's Many Integrated Core(MIC) architecture, which can provide up to 62 cores with four hardware threads per core now and will own up to 72 in the future. The parallel programming model, Open MP, and vector intrinsic functions are used to exploit thread parallelism and vector parallelism for the discrete ordinates method, respectively. The results on a 57-core MIC coprocessor show that the implementation of Sweep3 D on MIC has good scalability in performance. In addition, the application of the Roofline model to assess the implementation and performance comparison between MIC and Tesla K20 C Graphics Processing Unit(GPU) are also reported.

Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome extract of Zingiber zerumbet Linn

Objective:To investigate antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Zingiber zerumbet(Z.zerumbet)(L.)Smith and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Methods:The fresh rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet were extracted in cold with ethanol(4.0 L)after concentration.The crude ethanol extract was fractionated by petroleum ether and chloroform to form a suspension of ethanol extract(15.0 g),petroleum ether fraction(6.6 g)and chloroform soluble fraction(5.0 g).The crude ethanol extract and its petroleum ether and chloroform fractions were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity against thirteen pathogenic bacteria and three fungi by the disc diffusion method.Commercially available kanamycin(30μg/disc)was used as standard disc and blank discs impregnated with the respective solvents were used as negative control.Results:At a concentration of 400μg/disc,all the samples showed mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity and produced the zone of inhibition ranging from 6 mm to 10 mm.Among the tested samples,the crude ethanol extract showed the highest activity against Vibrio parahemolyticus(V.parahemolyticus).The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of the crude ethanol extract and its fractions were within the value of 128-256μg/mL against two Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria and all the samples showed the lowest MIC value against V.parahemolyticus(128μg/mL).Conclusions:It can be concluded that,potent antibacterial and antifungal phytochemicals are present in ethanol extract of Z.zerumbet(L.).

西他沙星体外抗菌活性试验研究

目的评价西他沙星在体外对不同细菌的抗菌活性,并与其他药物的抗菌活性进行比较。方法采用纸片扩散法检测西他沙星对本地区临床270株病原菌的体外抗菌活性,并与其他药物的抗菌性作比较。结果西他沙星对肠杆菌目的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌;非发酵菌的铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及革兰氏阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌均有一定的抗菌活性,且对部分多重耐药菌的抗菌活性明显高于其他喹诺酮类。结论西他沙星对多种病原菌有良好的抗菌活性。

复配精油抑菌剂的制备及其对鲜切猪肉的抑菌作用

通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂精油(cinnamon essential oil,CEO)、紫苏精油(perilla essential oil,PEO)和牛至精油(oregano essential oil,OEO),采用微量二倍稀释法测定单一植物精油的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),用棋盘稀释法计算复配精油的分级抑菌浓度指数,并探究复配精油的抑菌效果及对鲜切猪肉的保鲜抑菌作用。结果表明,3种精油对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用,抑菌能力的大小表现为肉桂精油>紫苏精油>牛至精油;精油复配后存在协同或相加现象,其中,肉桂-紫苏精油复配剂对2种供试菌种的抑菌效果显著优于肉桂-牛至精油复配剂和紫苏-牛至精油复配剂。肉桂-紫苏精油复配在一定程度上能有效抑制鲜切猪肉水分及蛋白质含量的损耗,抑制微生物生长并保持鲜猪肉的色泽,证明肉桂-紫苏精油复配剂对鲜切猪肉具有一定的保鲜抑菌作用。

半枝莲水提液体外抑菌及抑菌稳定性研究

目的 探究半枝莲水提液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、耻垢分枝杆菌的体外抑菌活性及抑菌稳定性,为临床应用及开发植源性抑菌药物提供研究基础。方法 采用纸片扩散法测定半枝莲水提液对供试菌的抑菌活性,琼脂稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC);同时以抑菌圈直径为指标,探究盐浓度、紫外光照射和不同pH对半枝莲水提液抑菌稳定性的影响。结果 半枝莲水提液对4种供试菌有抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径分别为(18.27±0.25)、(18.0±0.50)、(17.7±0.26)、(18.0±0.00)mm,为高度敏感,MICs分别为5.41、6.08、6.08、5.41mg/ml。抑菌稳定性实验结果表明,盐浓度、紫外光照射、pH对半枝莲水提液体外抑菌活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),抑菌活性保留率均>95.0%。结论 半枝莲水提液对4种供试菌有良好的体外抑菌活性和抑菌稳定性。

微生物法测定食品中的烟酸和烟酰胺

植物乳杆菌ATCCR8014对烟酸有很高的灵敏性,利用这种特异性,可以定量地测出食品中的烟酸含量。为了达到定量测定的目的,在供繁殖试验菌株所用培养基中供给除烟酸以外的所有营养成分,这样植物乳杆菌的生长就会同标准溶液及未知测定溶液中的烟酸水平相对应,与不同浓度标准溶液的系列吸光度读数对应于各管中所含标准物质的量绘制的标准曲线相比,可以计算出样品中烟酸的含量。

MTT法在抗真菌药敏实验中的应用

目的:研究MTT法在抗真菌药敏实验中的应用。方法:采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)推荐方案测定两性霉素B和伊曲康唑对5种常见真菌(白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、季也蒙念珠菌、申克孢子丝菌和石膏样小孢子癣菌)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),终点判定分别采用NC CLS推荐的直接观察法和MTT法,对两法进行比较。结果:MTT法与常规直接观察法进行MIC终点判定所得结果具有很好的一致性。MTT法测得的A值与接种菌量具有正相关性。两性霉素B与伊曲康唑对丝状真菌和念珠菌都具有很好的抑制作用,MTT法测得的A值随药物浓度的增加而显著降低。结论:MTT法较之常规直接观察法结果更为客观、准确,且可量化,因而可以很好的替代肉眼观察法来判定真菌药敏试验的终点。

248株念珠菌和新型隐球菌对四种抗真菌药的敏感性

目的 检测 2 48株念珠菌和新型隐球菌对四种抗真菌药氯康唑、两性霉素B、5 氟胞嘧啶和酮康唑的耐药状况。方法 收集临床菌株新型隐球菌 6 0株和念珠菌 188株 ,采用NCCLSM2 7 A微量稀释法测定新型隐球菌和念珠菌临床分离株对四种抗真菌药物的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)。结果 对 16 0株白念珠菌 ,氟康唑的MIC为 0 .0 6～≥ 6 4μg/ml,敏感 135株 ( 84.38% ) ,中度敏感 10株 ( 6 .2 5 % ) ,耐药 15株 ( 9.37% ) ;5 氟胞嘧啶的MIC为 0 .0 6～ 16 μg/ml ,敏感 15 6株 ( 97.5 % ) ,中度敏感 2株 ( 1.2 5 % ) ,耐药 2株 ( 1.2 5 % ) ;两性霉素B的MIC为 0 .0 6～ 4μg/ml全部敏感 ;酮康唑的MIC为 0 .0 3～ 32 μg/ml ,敏感 93.75 % ,中度敏感 6 .2 5 %。对 6 0株新型隐球菌 ,氟康唑的MIC 1～≥ 6 4μg/ml,敏感 35株 ( 5 8.4% ) ,中度敏感 2 0株 ( 33.3% ) ,耐药 5株( 8.3% ) ;5 氟胞嘧啶MIC 0 .2 5～ 8μg/ml,敏感 5 3株 ( 88.3% ) ,中度敏感 7株 ( 11.7% ) ;两性霉素B的MIC为 0 .0 6～ 0 .5 μg/ml全部敏感 ;酮康唑MIC 0 .0 3～ 4μg/ml全部敏感。热带念珠菌和光滑念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率分别为 10 %和2 2 .2 %。结论 新型隐球菌和念珠菌对氯康唑的耐药率趋高 ,临床不容忽视。

头孢噻肟和舒巴坦复方制剂体内外抗菌活性研究

目的评价头孢噻肟钠/舒巴坦钠(CTX/SB,1∶1,2∶1,4∶1,8∶1,16∶1)及单组分头孢噻肟钠(CTX)对13株产β-内酰胺酶革兰阴性菌体外抗菌作用,并与复方制剂头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠(CPZ/SB 1∶1)和哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦钠(PIPC/TB 8∶1)进行比较,以及对产酶大肠埃希菌与铜绿假单胞菌感染小鼠体内保护作用。方法采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定CTX/SB(1∶1,2∶1,4∶1,8∶1,16∶1)复方制剂对产β-内酰胺酶革兰阴性菌体外抗菌作用及对产酶大肠埃希菌与铜绿假单胞菌感染小鼠体内保护作用;生物法测定β-内酰胺酶对抗生素的相对水解率以及抑酶保护率,PCR扩增并检测了其耐药酶的类型。结果CTX/SB(1∶1)的MICs较CTX有不同程度的下降;各不同配比CTX/SB的相对水解率均显著低于CTX单用(P<0.01),CTX/SB(1∶1)的相对水解率也显著低于PIPC/TB(8∶1)和CPZ/SB(1∶1)(P<0.01);CTX/SB(1∶1)的抑酶保护率显著低于CTX/SB(8∶1,16∶1)(P<0.01),也低于CTX/SB(2∶1,4∶1),但无统计学意义。体内试验,CTX/SB(1∶1)的ED50值较CTX有明显下降。结论体内、外试验表明CTX/SB(1∶1)抑酶效应优于其它配比,也优于同类复方制剂CPZ/SB(1∶1)及PIPC/TB(8∶1);因此,舒巴坦起到了增强头孢噻肟对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性和抑酶保护作用。

18种抗菌药物体外抗解脲枝原体活性的比较

采用微量稀释法，比较了１８种抗菌药物对６２株解脲枝原体的体外抑制作用。结果显示解脲枝原体对青霉素、氨苄西林、利福平、多粘菌素Ｂ、林可霉素、磺胺嘧啶钠、呋喃妥因不敏感，其ＭＩＣ_（９０）＞１０２４μｇ／ｍｌ；对红霉素、头孢唑林、大观霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、诺氟沙星有一定的耐药性，其ＭＩＣ_（９０）在１６～６４μｇ／ｍｌ之间，对盐酸四环素、氯霉素、氧氟沙星和多西环素有较高的敏感性，其ＭＩＣ_（９０）≤８μｇ／ｍｌ，尤以多西环素为著，其对四环素耐药的解脲枝原体株都有较强的抑制作用。

132味中药水提物对8种致病真菌抑菌活性的筛选

目的:对132味中药的抑真菌活性进行筛选,找到其中体外抑菌效果好的中药,为进一步研究中药抑菌机制及临床发挥中医药特色治疗真菌感染性疾病提供实验依据。方法:采用传统的水煎煮方法提取单味中药成分,通过管碟法定性观察其对疣状毛癣菌、曲霉、尖孢镰刀菌等8种真菌的抑菌活性强弱。再选取其中抑菌效果好的4味中药进行组方研究,观察抑菌效果。最后,利用微量稀释法对抑菌效果较好的中药和复方定量观察最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:①黄芩、黄连、诃子、五倍子等13味中药对真菌有较强的抑菌活性。②选黄芩、黄连、五倍子、诃子4种抗真菌效果好中药组成11个复方,其中诃子-五倍子,黄芩-诃子,黄芩-诃子-五倍子3个复方效果较好。结论:①管碟法和微量稀释法筛选中药抑真菌活性的方法稳定,结果可靠、切实可行;②与阳性对照药物氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B相比,成功筛选出了抑菌效果好的单味中药及复方。

面向方面软件重构等价性形式化证明方法

软件重构在不改变程序行为的情况下通过对代码进行小的改进以提升设计,使之更容易理解和维护,面向方面的程序设计是软件开发的新技术,为了有效实施面向方面的软件重构,需要开发者识别面向方面程序的转化规则。然而,由于使用的AOP语言没有形式化的语义定义,难以确认转化和重构的程序运行行为。本文对MCI操作语义的面向方面的扩展使之支持程序的方面特征的描述,定义了两个程序的观测等价,讨论了AspectJ的形式语义模型的建立,在MCI的语义下形式化地精确证明了AddBefore-executing编程规则的观测等价性,其基本原理和方法可以适用于其他规则的证明,通过上述工作提出了面向方面重构的程序和它的面向对象程序原型等价性的证明方法。