Abnormalities of electroencephalography microstates in patients with depression and their association with cognitive function

BACKGROUND A growing number of recent studies have explored underlying activity in the brain by measuring electroencephalography(EEG)in people with depression.However,the consistency of findings on EEG microstates in patients with depression is poor,and few studies have reported the relationship between EEG microstates,cognitive scales,and depression severity scales.AIM To investigate the EEG microstate characteristics of patients with depression and their association with cognitive functions.METHODS A total of 24 patients diagnosed with depression and 32 healthy controls were included in this study using the Structured Clinical Interview for Disease for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.We collected information relating to demographic and clinical characteristics,as well as data from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS;Chinese version)and EEG.RESULTS Compared with the controls,the duration,occurrence,and contribution of microstate C were significantly higher[depression(DEP):Duration 84.58±24.35,occurrence 3.72±0.56,contribution 30.39±8.59;CON:Duration 72.77±10.23,occurrence 3.41±0.36,contribution 24.46±4.66;Duration F=6.02,P=0.049;Occurrence F=6.19,P=0.049;Contribution F=10.82,P=0.011]while the duration,occurrence,and contribution of microstate D were significantly lower(DEP:Duration 70.00±15.92,occurrence 3.18±0.71,contribution 22.48±8.12;CON:Duration 85.46±10.23,occurrence 3.54±0.41,contribution 28.25±5.85;Duration F=19.18,P<0.001;Occurrence F=5.79,P=0.050;Contribution F=9.41,P=0.013)in patients with depression.A positive correlation was observed between the visuospatial/constructional scores of the RBANS scale and the transition probability of microstate class C to B(r=0.405,P=0.049).CONCLUSION EEG microstate,especially C and D,is a possible biomarker in depression.Patients with depression had a more frequent transition from microstate C to B,which may relate to more negative rumination and visual processing.

Macrostate and Microstate of EEG Spatio-Temporal Nonlinear Dynamics in Zen Meditation

Macrostate and microstate characteristics of interregional nonlinear interdependence of brain dynamics are investigated for Zen-meditation and normal resting EEG. Evaluation of nonlinear interdependence based on nonlinear dynamic theory and phase space reconstruction is employed in the 30-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to characterize the functioning interactions among different local neuronal networks. This paper presents a new scheme for exploring the microstate and macrostate of interregional brain neural network interactivity. Nonlinear interdependence quantified by similarity index is applied to the phase trajectory reconstructed from multi-channel EEG. The microstate similarity-index matrix (miSIM) is evaluated every 5 millisecond. The miSIMs are classified by K-means clustering. The cluster center corresponds to the macrostate SIM (maSIM) evaluated by conventional scheme. Zen-meditation EEG exhibits rather stationary and stronger interconnectivity among frontal midline regional neural oscillators, whereas resting EEG appears to drift away more often from the midline and extend to the inferior brain regions.

Using Atomic Microstates and Atomic Number Parity in Support of Lutetium and Lawrencium Classification as Transition Metals

Unlike other groups of elements, Group 3 constituency remains unsettled. This article argues that ground level microstates and atomic number parity suggest Sc-Y-Lu-Lr Group 3 membership.

Eigen microstates and their evolutions in complex systems

Emergence refers to the existence or formation of collective behaviors in complex systems.Here,we develop a theoretical framework based on the eigen microstate theory to analyze the emerging phenomena and dynamic evolution of complex system.In this framework,the statistical ensemble composed of M microstates of a complex system with N agents is defined by the normalized N×M matrix A,whose columns represent microstates and order of row is consist with the time.The ensemble matrix A can be decomposed as■,where r=min(N,M),eigenvalueσIbehaves as the probability amplitude of the eigen microstate U_I so that■and U_I evolves following V_I.In a disorder complex system,there is no dominant eigenvalue and eigen microstate.When a probability amplitudeσIbecomes finite in the thermodynamic limit,there is a condensation of the eigen microstate UIin analogy to the Bose–Einstein condensation of Bose gases.This indicates the emergence of U_I and a phase transition in complex system.Our framework has been applied successfully to equilibrium threedimensional Ising model,climate system and stock markets.We anticipate that our eigen microstate method can be used to study non-equilibrium complex systems with unknown orderparameters,such as phase transitions of collective motion and tipping points in climate systems and ecosystems.

Condensation of eigen microstate in statistical ensemble and phase transition

In a statistical ensemble with M microstates, we introduce an M × M correlation matrix with correlations among microstates as its elements. Eigen microstates of ensemble can be defined using eigenvectors of the correlation matrix. The eigenvalue normalized by M represents weight factor in the ensemble of the corresponding eigen microstate. In the limit M →∞, weight factors drop to zero in the ensemble without localization of the microstate. The finite limit of the weight factor when M →∞ indicates a condensation of the corresponding eigen microstate. This finding indicates a transition into a new phase characterized by the condensed eigen microstate. We propose a finite-size scaling relation of weight factors near critical point, which can be used to identify the phase transition and its universality class of general complex systems. The condensation of eigen microstate and the finite-size scaling relation of weight factors are confirmed using Monte Carlo data of one-dimensional and two-dimensional Ising models.

Revealing the Local Microstates of Fe–Mn–Al Medium Entropy Alloy:A Comprehensive First-principles Study

Entropy-stabilized multi-component alloys have been considered to be prospective structural materials attributing to their impressive mechanical and functional properties.The local chemical complexions,microstates and configurational transformations are essential to reveal the structure–property relationship,thus,to promote the development of advanced multicomponent alloys.In the present work,effects of local lattice distortion(LLD)and microstates of various configurations on the equilibrium volume(V0),total energy,Fermi energy,magnetic moment(μMag)and electron work function(Φ)and bonding structures of the Fe–Mn–Al medium entropy alloy(MEA)have been investigated comprehensively by first-principles calculations.It is found that theΦandμMag of those MEA are proportional to the V 0,which is dominated by lattice distortion.In terms of bonding charge density,both the strengthened clusters or the so-called short-range order structures and the weakly bonded spots or weak spots are characterized.While the presence of weakly bonded Al atoms implies a large LLD/mismatch,the Fe–Mn bonding pairs result in the formation of strengthened clusters,which dominate the local microstates and the configurational transitions.The variations ofμMag are associated with the enhancement of the nearest neighbor magnetic Fe and Mn atoms,attributing to the LLD caused by Al atoms,the local changes in the electronic structures.This work provides an atomic and electronic insight into the microstate-dominated solid-solution strengthening mechanism of Fe–Mn–Al MEA.

Microstation DGN与GIS空间数据有向点转换技术研究

传统地形图数据主要基于Microstation、AutoCAD等平台进行生产、存储,地理信息相关部门普遍将ArcGIS作为各种地理信息数据库建库平台。本文阐述了利用FME软件实现DGN数据到ArcGIS平台数据库格式的无损转换,重点对有向点要素的转换技术进行研究,实现有向点要素无损转换。其研究结果在1∶500、1∶1000大比例尺传统地形图数据实体化改造中成功进行了实践。

基于Microstation及奥维地图的抽水蓄能电站施工总布置设计

抽水蓄能电站施工总布置设计涉及专业广、内容多、布置范围大,且设计周期不断被压缩,对工程设计人员要求逐渐提高,而传统的施工总布置设计方法效率较低,逐渐难以适应快节奏的设计工作。基于Microstation及奥维地图,利用多维设计手段以及GPS定位和导航功能,对抽水蓄能电站施工总布置设计进行研究。设计效果表明:基于Microstation及奥维地图的抽水蓄能电站施工总布置设计,提高了勘察设计效率及质量,减少了勘察设计失误,为抽水蓄能电站施工总布置设计提供了新思路。

基于MicroStation Addins的地形图高程检查方法研究与应用

地形图高程点正确性检查是地形图数据质量检查的一项重要内容,传统的人工检查方法效率低,而且容易出现错查漏查的情况.通过分析高程点与等高线的空间关系,提出了高程检查的思路,并且采用MiroSta tion Addins接口,用C#语言开发了软件工具,解决了高程点自动检查问题.检查结果在指定层中标注,便于质检人员人工核实.该工具在杭州市地形图跟踪修测中得到了应用,能大大降低质检人员工作量,提高效率,对缩短地形图跟踪修测时间,提升地图数据质量起到了很好的促进作用.

铁路工程地质BIM系统研发与应用

铁路工程作为长大带状线性工程,地质勘察涉及区域十分广泛,沿线地质现象复杂多变,地质形态千差万别。在铁路工程BIM设计项目中,由于地质体的空间不确定性,常常难于用参数化形式表达,导致地质建模难度大、耗时长;同时,地质BIM模型作为开展BIM正向设计的基础数据源之一,设计专业对地质BIM模型的应用需求也十分迫切。因此,地质BIM研究一直是铁路工程推行全专业BIM设计急需攻克的技术瓶颈之一。从铁路工程三维地质建模与应用的需求出发,提出地质BIM快速建模的基本思路和建模流程,基于MicroStation平台通过二次开发技术自主研发铁路工程地质BIM系统,该系统解决了基于线路数据的二三维空间线路重构、二三维地质界线空间坐标转换、地质界面插值、地质体围合等关键建模技术,实现了复杂地质体模型的快速创建。在模型应用方面,实现了模型分割、模型开挖、虚拟钻孔提取、模型标准化出图等功能,解决了地质模型的应用问题。

基于MicroStation二次开发在油田站外管道挖方计算的应用

为了提高挖方计算的工作效率,提出一种基于MicroStation二次开发的计算方法,利用MVBA语言创建窗体程序,将挖方计算规定与计算规则整合到程序中,通过窗体程序来简化人工操作,使得管道挖方的计算工作更为便捷、高效,对油田管网的系统性优化及工程量的整体性计算具有重要意义。

基于MicroStation的铁路牵引变电所防雷设计应用

针对铁路牵引变电所易受雷击的特点,采用折线法计算防雷过程,利用MicroStation二次开发功能编写代码,实现不同避雷针设置情况下的防雷保护范围空间模型构建;依托铁路牵引变电所防雷设计流程,开发基于MicroStation的铁路牵引变电所防雷设计工具。通过实际案例进行的应用验证结果表明:该工具提供了可视化设计手段,在提升防雷设计准确性的同时减少了专业设计人员的计算量及工作量,为铁路工程BIM设计提供了新思路。

MicroStation VBA在机载激光雷达数据处理中的应用

在测绘地理信息生产和数据处理工作中,常常有定制开发解决实际小问题的需求,而成熟商业软件一般难以面面俱到,二次开发不失为一种快捷有效的方法。本文结合机载激光雷达数据处理、质量控制工作经验,探索研究了MicroStation VBA在其中的应用思路与方法,通过具体实例,说明MicroStation VBA对于提高机载激光雷达数据处理效率和产品质量,有非常高的实用价值,值得在测绘地理信息生产工作中进行推广应用。

一种基于无人机影像的建筑物三维模型构建方法

利用无人机获取航拍影像生成密集点云,然后基于点云三维建模,通过无人机获取高重叠度影像;利用摄影测量软件PhotoScan对无人机影像处理生成密集点云,再将密集点云导入MicroStation中进行三维建模;最后以某学校实验楼为测试对象,验证了此种建模方法的可行性。

基于Microstation的铁路隧道BIM设计系统研究

隧道是铁路工程的重要组成部分之一。为解决隧道BIM设计过程中手动设计工作量大、模型沿线路拼装精确度低、附属洞室布设与剪切繁琐、模型属性与编码不统一等问题,利用.NET API 二次开发接口,在Microstation平台上研发了铁路隧道BIM设计系统。通过对铁路隧道断面轮廓几何特征与拓扑关系进行分析,提取隧道内轮廓数学模型,建立了隧道内轮廓几何参数之间的约束关系与数学表达式,实现了隧道断面参数化设计,并进一步实现了模型定位码与断面属性集挂载、基于线路三维坐标的模型沿线拼装、附属洞室布设与自动剪切等功能。实际应用表明,该隧道BIM设计系统技术方案可行,功能设计合理,可以满足隧道专业BIM设计需要,能够有效提高隧道BIM建模的标准化程度和效率。

融合影像的机载激光扫描点云建筑物三维重建系统设计与实现

设计了一套基于MicroStation V8i SS2的融合影像的机载激光扫描点云建筑物模型重建系统,研究若干关键技术,开发实现了从建筑物外轮廓获取到建筑物三维模型重建的一系列功能。

数字地图制图中地形图整饰的自动实现

地图整饰是数字地图制图的基本要求,能帮助地图使用者迅速、准确地判读地理信息。以中小比例尺地形图为例,阐述建立地形图数学基础的基本原理,介绍地图整饰中辅助要素的实现方法,总结实现地图整饰的技术思路。通过利用MicroStation软件所提供的二次开发功能,提高地图整饰模块开发的效率。

海图出版数据的通告改正更新技术研究

基于目前海图出版数据缺乏通告改正更新、无法实现对其再利用的现状,提出了一种利用M icroStation自动化编程技术实现通告改正更新的新方法,并解决了数字航海通告格式建立和通告改正数据分层存储等关键技术问题,在此基础上开发了海图出版数据的通告改正更新系统。

GeoStation地质三维系统图件自动编绘方法研究

GeoStation是华东院基于MicroStation软件平台二次开发的地质三维勘察设计系统。该系统有效融合了地质三维建模流程,可以通过地质数据库和地质三维模型自动编绘地质图件。使用EC Framework技术为CAD元素添加GIS属性,解决了出图数据自动提取与绘制、自动标注、图件辅助要素自动绘制等关键问题。目前,该系统已应用于多个大型水电工程中,实践表明采用GeoStation系统自动绘制地质图件,可以大幅提高地质图件的编绘效率和出图质量,经济效益显著。

CAD软件用于一体化地图制图信息系统建立与应用研究

首先对计算机地图制图与出版一体化的状况进行了概要论述。在对目前国内常用的两种一体化地图制图信息系统讨论后 ,重点对通用 CAD软件应用于彩色地图编制与出版进行了研究 ,总结出用一般 CAD软件 (非专用出版软件 )进行彩色地图编制与出版应解决的 3个关键性的共性问题 :层控制、颜色模式及 PS输出。并以通用 CAD软件—— Micro Station95为例详细说明用该软件进行彩色地图编制与出版的 3个共性问题的解决 ,并用实例加以说明。