Water Quality Model Establishment for Middle and Lower Reaches of Hanshui River,China

With the development of industry and agriculture,nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients in the Hanshui River greatly increase and eutrophication has become an important threat to the water quality of the Hanshui River,especially in the middle and lower reaches.The primary objective of this study was to establish the water quality model for the middle and lower reaches of the Hanshui River based on the model of MIKE 11.The main pollutants migration and transformation process could be simulated using the water quality model.The rainfall-runoff model,hy-drodynamic model and water quality model were established using MIKE 11.The pollutants,such as chemical oxygen demand(COD),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,phosphorus,dissolved oxy-gen(DO),were simulated and predicted using the above three models.A set of methods computing non-point source pollution load of the Hanshui River Basin was proposed in this study.The simulated and observed values of COD,BOD5,ammonia,nitrate,DO,and total phosphorus were compared after the parameter calibration of the water quality model.The simulated and observed results match better,thus the model can be used to predict water quality in the fu-ture for the Hanshui River.The pollution trend could be predicted using the water quality model according pollution load generation.It is helpful for government to take effective measures to prevent the water bloom and protect water quality in the river.

An integrated measurement and modeling methodology for estuarine water quality management

This paper describes research undertaken by the authors to develop an integrated measurement and modeling methodology for water quality management of estuaries. The approach developed utilizes modeling and measurement results in a synergistic manner. Modeling results were initially used to inform the field campaign of appropriate sampling locations and times, and field data were used to develop accurate models. Remote sensing techniques were used to capture data for both model development and model validation. Field surveys were undertaken to provide model initial conditions through data assimilation and determine nutrient fluxes into the model domain. From field data, salinity re- lationships were developed with various water quality parameters, and relationships between chlorophyll a concentrations, transparency, and light attenuation were also developed. These relationships proved to be invaluable in model development, particularly in modeling the growth and decay of chlorophyll a. Cork Harbour, an estuary that regularly experiences summer algal blooms due to anthropogenic sources of nutrients, was used as a case study to develop the methodology. The integration of remote sensing, conventional fieldwork, and modeling is one of the novel aspects of this research and the approach developed has widespread applicability.

The Hydrodynamic Behaviour of Euboean Gulf Coastal Areas and the Mixing of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Urban Sewage Discharged into Them under the Influence of Climate Change

The hydrodynamic circulation within the marine environment is a complex phenomenon, characterized by the interplay of strong tidal forces, atmospheric influences, and bathymetric features. The physical and hydrodynamic attributes of this flow play a pivotal role in promoting vertical mixing of seawater masses, thereby facilitating the integration of their physical and chemical parameters, including nutrients and oxygen. Additionally, they are instrumental in governing the dispersion and diffusion of pollutants originating from urban sewage, contributing to the overall water renewal process and environmental quality. This study investigates the potential impact of anticipated increases in average air temperatures on water column stratification in coastal regions susceptible to these dynamic influences. These areas receive treated urban sewage, and the study aims to assess how these temperature changes might influence the dispersion and mixing of pollutant loads present in these coastal waters.

基于MIKE11的粤港澳大湾区河涌生态补水调度方案评估

为解决粤港澳大湾区跨境河涌鸭涌河生态补水工程与河口水闸联合调度的问题,考虑到外海潮位顶托作用显著,构建了MIKE 11一维河网水动力水质数学模型,并设计不同类型的调度方案,包括天然状态方案、现状调度方案、联合调度方案,评估各方案降低污染物浓度和改善水质的效果。结果表明:在日常补水调度中,若河口水闸调度不与生态补水调度结合,鸭涌河水体更新效率偏低,若河口水闸与生态补水联合调度,在枯水期月份前5 d每天补水2 h的水质改善效果较好,电费较低,综合评价指数最优;而在汛期防洪排涝调度中,不需要进行生态补水调度。此外,水量分析结果表明,不同补水方案的综合评价指数与典型断面的进出水量、进出水量比值的响应规律相反。评估结果可为鸭涌河的水环境质量提升方案提供科学依据。

Water quality changing trends of the Miyun Reservoir

In order to simulate changes in the water quality of the Miyun Reservoir dueto continuous descent of surface water level, a 3-D ecological hydrodynamic model was developedthrough coupling the water quality analysis simulation program (WASP) with the environmental fluiddynamics code (EFDC). The model was then calibrated and verified. Four scenarios (S1, S21, S22 andS23) were simulated using the model. Results show that the water quality of the Miyun Reservoirunder conditions of low surface water level is apparently affected by different amounts of inflowand different total phosphorus (TP) loadings. The chlorophyll-a concentration might exceed 10 μg/Lin many areas of the Miyun Reservoir (This limitative value is seen as a critical value ofeutrophication) when large loadings of TP enter due to the amount of inflow increasing. Results ofscenario S23 indicate that control of TP loadings can decrease chlorophyll-a concentrationeffectively, and the water quality of the Miyun Reservoir will improve or retain its status quo.

Physical Hydrography and Algal Bloom Transport in Hong Kong Waters

In sub-tropical coastal waters around Hong Kong, algal blooms and red tides are usually first sighted in the Mirs Bay, in the eastern waters of Hong Kong. A calibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the Pearl River Estuary （Delft3D） has been applied to the study of the physical hydrography of Hong Kong waters and its relationship with algal bloom transport patterns in the dry and wet seasons. The general 3D hydrodynamic circulation and salinity structure in the partially-mixed estuary are presented. Extensive numerical surface drogue tracking experiments are performed for algal blooms that are initiated in the Mirs Bay under different seasonal, wind and tidal conditions. The probability of bloom impact on the Victoria Harbour and nearby urban coastal waters is estimated. The computations show that： i） In the wet season （May - August）, algal blooms initiated in the Mirs Bay will move in a clockwise direction out of the bay, and be transported away from Hong Kong due to SW monsoon winds which drive the SW to NE coastal current; ii） In the dry season （November- April）, algal blooms initiated in the northeast Mirs Bay will move in an anti-clockwise direction and be carried away into southern waters due to the NE to SW coastal current driven by the NE monsoon winds; the bloom typically flows past the east edge of the Victoria Harbeur and nearby waters. Finally, the role of hydrodynamic transport in an important episodic event -- the spring 1998 massive red tide -- is quantitatively examined. It is shown that the strong NE to E wind during late March to early April, coupled with the diurnal tide at the beginning of April, significantly increased the probability of bloom transport into the Port Shelter and East Lamma Channel, resulting in the massive fish kill. The results provide a basis for risk assessment of harmful algal bloom （HAB） impact on urban coastal waters around the Victoria Habour.

Study on Technical Schemes for Major Pollutants Emission Reduction in Beijing North Canal River Basin Based on Watershed Water Quality Target Management

Water quality target management in watershed is the fundamental choice of city rivers suffering both serious pollution and severe water shortage. In this study, we performed a case study regarding river pollution control plan based on water quality target management in the North Canal River catchment of Beijing section, in order to obtain effective water quality improvement programs. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were taken as the main controlling pollutants. Water quality targets and basic water quality improvement scenarios were set up considering different intensities of population regulation scenarios and gradually strengthening emission control measures. The MIKE11 model was adopted to simulate the effects of a range of water quality improvement scenarios. Results indicated that the basic scenarios could dramatically improve the surface water environment. However, additional intensive and combined measure programs should be implemented to ensure that the water quality would basically meet the targets of corresponding water function zones. The results highlight the need to implement water conservation in water shortage urban river basin and show the importance of enhancing drainage communication and conducting ecological water replenishment in such kind basins. It is expected to provide a reference for the water environment management practice of other metropolis in the world facing both crisis of water resource shortage and water environment pollution.

MIKE11水质模型在流域水环境中的应用综述

MIKE 11水质模型是应用于水体进行情景模拟预测的数学模型,是研究水体环境的重要工具。本文简要介绍了MIKE 11水质模型,总结MIKE 11模型在流域水环境的污染治理、感潮河网治理、水环境容量计算、流域安全预警等方面的应用。

基于SWMM和MIKE11的城市河流水质动态模型构建及应用

为了对城市河流水污染治理提出精细化控制建议,科学合理地制定流域水环境综合治理措施,以茅洲河为研究对象,基于Visual Studio开发SWMM与MIKE11的耦合程序,采用映射配置文件将两个模型的空间拓扑关联,构建了城市河流水质动态模型,并在模型率定验证的基础上将其应用于流域水质情势预测。结果表明:城市河流水文-水动力-水质耦合模型具有较好的模拟能力和适应性,可用于类似流域水质动态模拟、预测及评估。

平原河网水动力优化调度与水环境改善的响应关系研究

平原河网河道流动性较差是引起水环境污染严重的主要原因,引调水是改善平原河网地区水环境的重要措施之一。本文以佛山市三山围为例,基于实测资料构建了河网水动力水质耦合模型,采用15天的连续水动力水质监测数据对模型进行了验证,并将NSE和RMSE模型评价指标用于模型评价。同时结合地势、潮汐规律和景观水位等设计了4种闸控模式和7种景观控制水位,共28种模拟工况,模拟分析了不同条件下的水动力水质改善与内外江潮位变化、引排水流量及其空间分布、闸控方式和景观水位等综合响应机理。结果表明:构建的模型合理可靠。研究区域受引排水路径的影响,河道流动性差异较为显著。综合考虑河道流量分布、水流路径、分汊河道分流作用和外江污染物浓度等对河道水质的作用效果并有效结合潮汐河网的动态水环境容量和污染源排放的时空分布对水环境的改善作用将非常显著。与低景观控制水位相比,高景观控制水位的内江动态水环境容量相对较大,污染物浓度较低。景观控制水位从0.2 m上升至0.8 m时,不同引调水路径的引水流量上升28.00%~64.70%,断面氨氮浓度削减了0.85~5.50 mg/L,削减比例达到28.89%~67.23%。本研究为平原潮汐河网水环境优化调度研究提供了新的思路,为相关部门对平原河网的水环境改善提供了重要的参考。

核电工程异形水箱流固耦合分布式参数模型与效用研究

在流固耦合动力分析领域,传统的Housner模型在工程设计中发挥重要作用。但其理论推导仅适用于规则水箱,采用集中质量总体模型描述液体晃动的整体效应,难以有效模拟异形水箱储液结构的局部精细响应,亟须建立适用于不规则水体晃荡的分布式附加质量模型。基于势流理论推导了一种模态综合法模型,实现了分布质量与储液器壁激振加速度的解耦。该模型能够有效剥离分布式的脉冲质量与对流质量;同时,实体网格的振型分析适用于任意形状水体的动力分析。通过算例的形式将该模型与精细声学-结构耦合(Acoustic-Structural coupling,CAS)模拟法进行了比较,验证了模型的精确性与可靠性。最后,基于本文的模型研究了核电异形的安全水箱在不同水位和减晃格栅分布下的动力响应规律,并检验了其在工程中的适用性。

考虑水动力条件及水系连通的平原河网圩区畅流活水方案

针对平原河网地区水动力条件不足等问题,以嘉兴市新塍镇为例,探究不同畅流活水方案对河道水质的改善效果。构建MIKE11水动力学水质耦合模型,分析“引水/水系连通—水质”驱动响应规律,以NH3-N浓度为主要指标,分析不同活水方案的水质改善效果,并提出优化调控方案。结果表明,集中引水对区域水质改善影响较小,分散设置多个引水点可明显提高水质;直接对水质较差河道进行补水,污染物消减率在8%~30%之间,水质改善效果较明显;合理的水系连通工程可进一步增加畅流活水方案水质改善效果。

数字孪生丹江口水质模型关键技术与应用

数字孪生技术作为近年来的创新技术,通过构建精确的虚拟模型实现了对实际物理世界的高度映射,为解决传统水质安全管理中的难题提供了全新的视角和方法。水质模型是实现数字孪生湖库水质安全精准映射和虚实互动的核心。围绕南水北调中线工程的水源地——丹江口水库的水质安全管理需求,针对传统模型存在的模拟失真、误差累积、计算速度慢及无法满足突发污染事件实际决策要求等各种技术难题,提出了一种新型三维水动力水质模型,并利用实地流场观测和水质监测数据进行了模型校验。结果表明:该模型主要改进了组合σ/z网格、总磷本构方程、突发污染投药处置模拟、OpenMP并行计算、水动力预计算和双时间步长模式、污染团扩散轨迹示踪等关键技术,显著提升了模型的计算效率和模拟精度;通过在2023年汉江秋汛期间对丹江口水库水质安全管理的实际应用,证明了该模型能有效支持水质安全“四预”功能(预报、预警、预演、预案),模拟结果为汉江秋汛防御及汛后蓄水水质安全保障提供了重要技术支撑。

基于Delft3D的大辽河水动力水质数值模拟

近年来,大辽河流域工业化发展迅速,带来了一系列水质恶化问题。因此,通过实测大辽河水文和水质数据,基于Delft3D建立大辽河二维水动力模型,对其进行水位和水温验证,计算值与实测值基本吻合;在水动力模型的基础上建立水质模型,对其进行NH^(+)_(4)-N(氨氮)和DO(溶解氧)验证,计算结果基本能够反映真实水质变化趋势。通过验证后的水动力水质耦合模型分析大辽河水动力水质输移特征。结果表明,大辽河具有明显的半日潮特征,河口处的流速低于内陆河道的流速;NH^(+)_(4)-N浓度年际分布较为均匀,DO浓度夏季较低,冬季较高;涨潮时,河口处NH^(+)_(4)-N浓度降低,落潮时河口处NH^(+)_(4)-N浓度升高;汛期排放的污染物浓度峰值高于枯水期的值,峰现时间也早于枯水期,在枯水期,污染物更容易在河口处滞留;整合排污口和减排两种方式均能降低河道内污染物浓度,靠近河道上游整合排污口方式优于减排方式,靠近河口减排方式略优于整合排污口。研究成果可为大辽河水质管理提供参考。

MIKE11模型在浑河流域水质预测中的应用

针对辽宁省浑河流域沈阳段水环境污染严重的现状,应用MIKE11模型构建了流域水动力和水质耦合模型,利用水质实测资料进行了参数率定及模型检验,分析了参数取值的合理性;并研究了不同情景下该流域水质变化趋势及水质改善的效果。结果表明,模型在率定期和验证期模拟效果均良好,可供水质研究参考并为未来沈阳市污染物排放控制提供理论依据。采用自然增长、社会调控与社会-环境-经济协调发展三种情景进行水质预测,分析了不同发展方式的合理性,结果表明第三种方式最有利于经济环境健康发展。

基于SWMM和MIKE11的改善雨后城市河湖水质优化调度方案研究

降雨径流污染是水体污染的主要来源之一。针对雨后城市河湖水环境恶化、水质不达标问题,为降低初期雨水给河湖水质造成的不利影响,以北京市中心城区通惠河水系河网为典型,梳理了河湖水环境系统运行现状,建立了水动力-水质模型,模拟分析了雨后不同新水补水调度工况下河湖水质变化情况,提出了改善雨后河湖水质新水补水调度方案,可为相关部门实施雨后河湖生态用水精细化调度提供技术参考。结果表明,研究范围主要河流现状水质情况总体较好,COD、TP、NH_3-N指标基本达到地表Ⅲ类水质目标;发生中雨、大雨级别降雨后,河道COD浓度峰值最高可增至雨前水平的5~6倍,TP增至16~20倍,NH_3-N增至10~12倍;在降雨结束后应尽早启动新水加大补水调度,总补水流量在日常4~5 m^(3)/s基础上增至7~9 m^(3)/s,可实现河湖水质恢复到雨前水平所需时间由日常4~5 d缩减至3~4 d,河湖主要水质污染物超标持续时间缩减20%~40%。

数字孪生丹江口工程突发水污染事故模型研发与应用

针对丹江口水库水域面积广、库岸线长、污染来源分散且类型多的特点,基于有限体积方法自主研发丹江口水库二维水动力水质机理模型,基于拉格朗日粒子追踪方法自主研发丹江口水库二维“油粒子”随机模型。通过机理模型和随机模型相结合,实现丹江口水库任意位置、不同污染类型和排放方式情景的突发水污染场景的快速构建,模拟库区水流运动及污染物输移扩散过程,实时输出污染团前锋运动轨迹、距陶岔里程及预计到达时间等。基于“云境”数字孪生模拟仿真平台实现计算结果的可视化展示,并在丹江口水库多次水污染事故应急处置工作中成功应用,为南水北调中线水源工程应对突发水污染事故和保障水质安全提供有力技术支撑。

汉江中下游水质时空特征及环境流量确定

近年来,汉江中下游水质问题频发,且河道内环境流量尚未明确,严重威胁沿岸用水安全。为探明汉江中下游水质时空分布特征和河道环境流量,收集调研了2015—2019年汉江中下游黄家港、襄阳、皇庄、沙洋、潜江、仙桃和汉川等7个控制断面的pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷5项水质指标,基于水质单因子评价方法分析了水质时空变化特征。通过建立一维水动力-水质模型,构建了基于保障各控制断面水质的环境流量计算方法;根据不同水源的输入,计算了汉江中下游河道环境流量,并提出了保障方案。结果表明,汉江中下游丰水期氨氮和枯水期总磷在皇庄以下断面均未达到Ⅱ类水标准,氨氮沿程变化不明显,总磷从上游至下游逐渐升高。环境流量保障需结合引江济汉补水工程和丹江口下泄流量,丰水期和枯水期当引调长江水分别为500 m^(3)/s和350 m^(3)/s时,还需丹江口水库分别下泄214 m^(3)/s和315 m^(3)/s才能满足河道内的环境流量。研究为汉江中下游水质安全保障和合理分配丹江口水资源提供了参考。

不同调水方案对沙湖水动力及水质影响研究

由于地处降雨量少、蒸发量大的特殊地理环境,沙湖每年都需要调水引流以达到改善水质和维持总体水量的目的。因此调水水量及调水路线的选取对沙湖水质改善有关键的影响。文章基于环境流体力学模型(Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code,EFDC)模型构建了沙湖水动力-水质模型,模拟沙湖水动力、总氮和总磷的时空分布特征,发现与实际数值拟合度较高;并基于沙湖实际调水方案,设置四种调水方案,探究了不同调水方案对沙湖水动力及水质的影响。结果表明调水引流工程能有效加快沙湖水体流速同时降低总氮、总磷浓度,但也会造成沙湖水质波动。相较于减水方案,增水方案对提高沙湖水体流速和降低总氮、总磷浓度的效果更好;与八一渠入流相比,东干渠入流更利于提升沙湖水体流速和降低沙湖总氮、总磷浓度。总体而言,4种调水方案中方案一(增水方案)是改善沙湖水动力条件和水质的最佳方案。

北江下游河道地形演变及其对物质输运的影响分析

基于1998、2012和2020年三期河道实测地形数据,较为系统地研究了北江下游石角-三水河段近20年来河道地形的时空变化特征,同时采用有限体积法建立研究区域二维水动力水质耦合模型,定量研究了不同地形和洪水量级下石角-三水河段水力滞留时间的空间分布。研究结果表明,1998-2012年该段河道存在明显冲刷,研究区域平均高程降低2.9 m,平均深泓点高程降低7.8 m,河道断面存在显著的由宽浅向窄深发展的趋势;2012-2020年,研究区域平均高程降低0.7 m,平均深泓点高程增加0.4 m,变幅显著低于1998-2012年,河道断面形态趋于稳定。研究区域水力滞留时间的空间分布表现为从上游至下游逐渐增大,且河道中心的水力滞留时间一般低于两岸。在同一地形条件下,洪水量级越大,研究区域水力滞留时间越小,物质输运速度越快;在2020年地形条件下,P=1%时出口位置水力滞留时间为11.99 h,低于P=5%时的12.69 h及P=20%时的13.08 h;从时间尺度来看,1998-2020年研究区域平均水力滞留时间增加0.72~0.75 h,出口位置水力滞留时间增加2.20~2.35 h。通过对比出口位置水力滞留时间与区间内各水文站点平均流速,发现二者呈显著的负相关性,并最终采用幂函数建立水力滞留时间的估算公式。相关研究成果可为今后北江下游突发污染事故的预警和管理提供科学参考。