基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统...基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。展开更多
In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical facto...In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical factor that induces HFR. The frequency coupling affects the impedance characteristics of an MMC and further deteriorates system stability. Therefore, in this paper, a multi-input multi-output admittance model of an MMC-HVDC system is developed to analyze its frequency characteristics. The effects of current loop, power loop, phase-locked loop, and operating point on the MMC frequency coupling degree are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, to further suppress HFR in the MMC-HVDC system, an enhanced impedance reshaping control strategy based on the equivalent single-input single-output impedance model is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the enhanced impedance model and the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping control are verified by electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD.展开更多
直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参...直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。展开更多
DC short-circuit faults pose a hazard to the operation of a modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based high voltage direct current(HVDC)system,necessitating reliable fault clearing solutions with rapid reaction.However,b...DC short-circuit faults pose a hazard to the operation of a modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based high voltage direct current(HVDC)system,necessitating reliable fault clearing solutions with rapid reaction.However,because the parasitic capacitances of the main equipment oscillate with the lumped inductances of the HVDC system,strong electromagnetic oscillations with multiple frequencies occur during clearance transients.These oscillations will disturb the HVDC system’s protection and control systems.Therefore,this paper focuses on the modeling of these oscillations.First,an equivalent circuit for the MMC-based HVDC system is proposed,taking into account the parasitic capacitances of the system’s major components,such as DC reactors,connecting cables,and DC circuit breakers(DCCBs).Second,four distinct oscillation stages are postulated based on action coordination of MMCs and DCCBs,and the associated analytical equations for the oscillation frequencies are derived.Third,a 200 kV MMC-based DC converter station is subjected to an 6ms/6kA pole-to-pole(PTP)short-circuit test.Electromagnetic oscillations have a frequency range of several kHz to several hundreds of kHz.The measured waveforms correspond well with simulated results,including the parasitic characteristics.Additionally,the relative errors between the simulated and measured frequencies are less than 5%.展开更多
模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular ...模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)的拓扑结构及运行原理,然后通过故障附加状态网络分别对区内和区外故障进行了分析,并利用二阶微分法提取了故障时电压、电流的故障分量,得出了保护策略。根据故障网络分析可知,当直流线路发生区内故障时,电流故障分量极性相同;当直流线路发生区外故障时,电流故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电流故障分量的极性是否相同来识别区内、外故障,利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电流的故障分量,用以识别区内、外故障。另外,根据故障网络分析还发现,当直流线路发生区内故障时,单极故障时电压故障分量极性相同,双极故障时电压故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电压故障分量的极性是否相同来识别故障极。利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电压的故障分量,根据电压故障分量的极性,识别故障所在的极。最后利用PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件建立了MMC-HVDC的仿真模型。仿真结果验证了故障分析以及保护方法的正确性。展开更多
对于采用模块化多电平换流器技术的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)输电系统,在不对称电网电压下,阀侧电流失衡及功率波动会对其稳定运行会产生负面影响。为解决该问题,通过分析不...对于采用模块化多电平换流器技术的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)输电系统,在不对称电网电压下,阀侧电流失衡及功率波动会对其稳定运行会产生负面影响。为解决该问题,通过分析不对称电网电压条件下MMC内部动态特性,提出一种MMC控制优化方法,可以实现抑制交流电流失衡、瞬时功率波动以及稳定系统直流电压、电流的多目标控制;同时,构建一种基于多复系数滤波器的自适应锁相环,在电网电压不对称工况下实现了对电网相位的快速跟踪,从而提高了系统控制的精度。最后,基于RT-LAB5600实时在线仿真平台,搭建31电平MMC-HVDC仿真模型,验证了所提控制优化方法的有效性。展开更多
电网电压不对称时,在基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)系统中,针对MMC交流侧输出产生的有功功率和无功功率二倍频波动问题,提出了将电网电压、电流均...电网电压不对称时,在基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)系统中,针对MMC交流侧输出产生的有功功率和无功功率二倍频波动问题,提出了将电网电压、电流均变换至正序dq坐标系下进行电流参考值计算的控制策略,可同时抑制MMC交流侧输出的有功功率和无功功率的二倍频波动。此外,电网电压不对称时,在正序dq坐标系下,电压d、q轴分量中除直流分量外,还将含有由负序分量引起的二倍频分量。若在锁相环的设计中不考虑此二倍频分量,则电网电压不对称时系统整体控制性能将会受到影响。据此设计了基于二倍频陷波器的频率自适应锁相环,在电网电压不对称情况下可准确锁定正序电压相位,并计算电网正序电压幅值及负序电压在正序d、q轴上的分量值,用于所提控制方法中的dq变换及功率波动抑制环节中电流参考值的计算。最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52277102)。
文摘In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical factor that induces HFR. The frequency coupling affects the impedance characteristics of an MMC and further deteriorates system stability. Therefore, in this paper, a multi-input multi-output admittance model of an MMC-HVDC system is developed to analyze its frequency characteristics. The effects of current loop, power loop, phase-locked loop, and operating point on the MMC frequency coupling degree are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, to further suppress HFR in the MMC-HVDC system, an enhanced impedance reshaping control strategy based on the equivalent single-input single-output impedance model is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the enhanced impedance model and the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping control are verified by electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD.
文摘直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2400602)。
文摘DC short-circuit faults pose a hazard to the operation of a modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based high voltage direct current(HVDC)system,necessitating reliable fault clearing solutions with rapid reaction.However,because the parasitic capacitances of the main equipment oscillate with the lumped inductances of the HVDC system,strong electromagnetic oscillations with multiple frequencies occur during clearance transients.These oscillations will disturb the HVDC system’s protection and control systems.Therefore,this paper focuses on the modeling of these oscillations.First,an equivalent circuit for the MMC-based HVDC system is proposed,taking into account the parasitic capacitances of the system’s major components,such as DC reactors,connecting cables,and DC circuit breakers(DCCBs).Second,four distinct oscillation stages are postulated based on action coordination of MMCs and DCCBs,and the associated analytical equations for the oscillation frequencies are derived.Third,a 200 kV MMC-based DC converter station is subjected to an 6ms/6kA pole-to-pole(PTP)short-circuit test.Electromagnetic oscillations have a frequency range of several kHz to several hundreds of kHz.The measured waveforms correspond well with simulated results,including the parasitic characteristics.Additionally,the relative errors between the simulated and measured frequencies are less than 5%.
文摘模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)的拓扑结构及运行原理,然后通过故障附加状态网络分别对区内和区外故障进行了分析,并利用二阶微分法提取了故障时电压、电流的故障分量,得出了保护策略。根据故障网络分析可知,当直流线路发生区内故障时,电流故障分量极性相同;当直流线路发生区外故障时,电流故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电流故障分量的极性是否相同来识别区内、外故障,利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电流的故障分量,用以识别区内、外故障。另外,根据故障网络分析还发现,当直流线路发生区内故障时,单极故障时电压故障分量极性相同,双极故障时电压故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电压故障分量的极性是否相同来识别故障极。利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电压的故障分量,根据电压故障分量的极性,识别故障所在的极。最后利用PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件建立了MMC-HVDC的仿真模型。仿真结果验证了故障分析以及保护方法的正确性。
文摘对于采用模块化多电平换流器技术的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)输电系统,在不对称电网电压下,阀侧电流失衡及功率波动会对其稳定运行会产生负面影响。为解决该问题,通过分析不对称电网电压条件下MMC内部动态特性,提出一种MMC控制优化方法,可以实现抑制交流电流失衡、瞬时功率波动以及稳定系统直流电压、电流的多目标控制;同时,构建一种基于多复系数滤波器的自适应锁相环,在电网电压不对称工况下实现了对电网相位的快速跟踪,从而提高了系统控制的精度。最后,基于RT-LAB5600实时在线仿真平台,搭建31电平MMC-HVDC仿真模型,验证了所提控制优化方法的有效性。
文摘电网电压不对称时,在基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)系统中,针对MMC交流侧输出产生的有功功率和无功功率二倍频波动问题,提出了将电网电压、电流均变换至正序dq坐标系下进行电流参考值计算的控制策略,可同时抑制MMC交流侧输出的有功功率和无功功率的二倍频波动。此外,电网电压不对称时,在正序dq坐标系下,电压d、q轴分量中除直流分量外,还将含有由负序分量引起的二倍频分量。若在锁相环的设计中不考虑此二倍频分量,则电网电压不对称时系统整体控制性能将会受到影响。据此设计了基于二倍频陷波器的频率自适应锁相环,在电网电压不对称情况下可准确锁定正序电压相位,并计算电网正序电压幅值及负序电压在正序d、q轴上的分量值,用于所提控制方法中的dq变换及功率波动抑制环节中电流参考值的计算。最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。
