Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

FIVE MONKS ARE CONFERRED WITH GESHI LHARAMBA DEGREES IN LHASA

The annual examination for the Geshi Lharamba Degree in Tibetan Buddhism was held on the 17th of March in 2007 at the Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa.Following the degrees granted in 2005 and 2006,another five monk scholars have passed the examination of sutra debating and are finally conferred with the degree of Geshi Lharamba.

Buddhist Monks Join War To HIV/AIDS

The monk has auspicious patterns tattooed on his forearms, following a folk belief that the tattoo could chase evil spirits away, and protect him from contracting any incurable disease. The faith is shaky now in the shadow of HIV/AIDS looming around the Manchunman Temple of 1,400 years old, where the 24-year-old Du Su was ordained 14 years ago. "Your monkery doesn’t necessarily immunize you from it (AIDS). Really, nothing can keep that evil away unless you live a healthy life—no drug abuse, no unsafe sex," says the young monk shyly, glancing at his tattooed right wrist. He became aware of the dreadful disease when it claimed the life of the vounger brother of his master, a senior

MING DYNASTY:Honorific Titles for Tibetan Eminent Monks

ＭＩＮＧＤＹＮＡＳＴＹ：ＨｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃＴｉｔｌｅｓｆｏｒＴｉｂｅｔａｎＥｍｉｎｅｎｔＭｏｎｋｓ￥ＯＡＲＡＩＣＥＤＡＩＮＰＵＮＣＯＧＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＭｉｎｇＤｙｎａｓｔｙ，ｔｈｅｅｍｐｅｒｏｒｇａｖｅｈｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃｔｉｔｌｅｓｔｏｍａｎｙＴｉ...

Chemosensitizing Effect of Monk Fruit Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

The outcomes of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory with the palpable side effects. We hypothesized that natural products might help improve chemotherapy with few side effects. Recently, we came across the bioactive extracts of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) with anticancer activity. We then investigated if these extracts might have chemosensitizing effect to improve the efficacy of drugs clinically used today. Four different drugs, cisplatin (CPL), carboplatin (CBL), mitomycin C (MMC), and gemcitabine (GEM), were used in this study. Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with each drug itself or drug combined with either LLE or MOG (two types of monk fruit extracts). Cell viability was determined to assess anticancer effect and also explored the anticancer mechanism of such combinations, focusing on the status of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromatin structure. Cell viability test showed that all drugs had anticancer activity, reducing cell viability, but only CPL showed the enhanced anticancer effect when combined with LLE (not with MOG). The rest of three drugs had no such effects with LLE or MOG. The CPL/LLE combination was found to disrupt glycolysis, by inhibiting hexokinase activity, resulted in the decreased ATP synthesis. This combination also blocked the cell cycle progression, due to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the two epigenetic regulators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, were inactivated with the combination, indicating chromatin modifications. Ultimately, these treated cells were found to undergo apoptosis. In conclusion, anticancer activity of CPL can be significantly enhanced with LLE. This chemosensitizing effect is attributed to the glycolysis inhibition, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Thus, certain natural products such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant agent in current chemotherapy, improving the drug efficacy but minimizing side effects.

The State and Eminent Monks in Medieval Korea

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between the state and eminent monks in medieval Korea （918-1392） on the basis of various primary sources and to highlight the need of the re-examination of the nature of Korean Buddhism, and by extension, that of East Asian Buddhism. To this end, this research examines the position of Buddhism, the state Buddhist policies, the roles of monks in response to the policies, and the identity of monks in medieval Korea. The conclusion is that medieval Korea took carrot-and-stick approach to Buddhism and in response, playing as political advisors, subjects to the ruler, thaumaturgies, entrepreneurs, and even warriors, power-oriented monks ingratiated themselves with the state Buddhist policies for their sustenance on practical considerations, often violating the basic teachings of the Buddha and creating issues regarding their identity as monks. This Korean tradition in a larger part appears to be a product of the Sinicized Buddhism, thus highlighting the need of further in-depth research on the nature of Korean Buddhism in particular and that of East Asian Buddhism in general.

Buddhist monk Lin Daoren,specialist of traumatology and orthopedics

Buddhist monk Lin Daoren(790-850,from Xi'an,Shaanxi Province)was a specialist of traumatology and orthopedics of the Tang Dynasty.Secrets of Treating Wounds and Rejoining Fractures(Li Shang Xu Duan Fang)written by him is the first extant monography on traumatology and orthopedics in China.According to the preface of the book,he had profound medical knowledge especially about the theory,diagnosis and treatment for wounds and fractures.

Potential Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Extract of Monk Fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) on Human Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cells

Prostate and bladder cancers are the two prevalent urological cancers, and several therapeutic options are currently available but the outcomes have not been satisfactory. To find the better therapeutic option, we investigated if the bioactive extracts of monk fruit, mogrosides, with potential anticancer activity might have anticancer effect against prostate and bladder cancer cells. Four of commercial products made of mogrosides known as Lakantoò (LKT) products, LK1, LK2, LLE, and MOG, were then tested. A dose-dependent study at given concentrations of four products showed that LK1 and LK2 had little effects, while LLE and MOG showed a significant cell viability reduction in both PC-3 and T24 cells. To explore the anticancer mechanism of such products, cell cycle analysis was first performed. Such analysis revealed that LLE and MOG, not LK1 and LK2, led to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Potential induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was next examined because it is known to be linked to a cell cycle arrest. The three key regulators involved in ER stress were all up-regulated with LLE or MOG, indicating induction of ER stress. As ER stress is also known to induce apoptosis, this possibility was tested. The two apoptotic regulators were modulated in a specific manner with LLE or MOG, indicating induction of apoptosis. Lastly, to validate anticancer effect of LLE or MOG, anticancer effect of four chemotherapeutic drugs was also assessed in comparison with that of LLE/MOG. None of drugs had any effects but two products showed significant anticancer effect. In conclusion, two monk fruit products, LLE and MOG, demonstrated anticancer activity against PC-3 and T24 cells, significantly reducing cell viability and ultimately inducing apoptosis. Therefore, these two LKT products with few side effects may have clinical implications in the treatment of urological cancers.

Writing and Criticism on the Zen Buddhism in Zen Notes During the Song Dynasty

Zennotes in the Song Dynasty are based on the use of scattered essays to record trivial fragments of Zen Buddhistmonks’ daily life, including Hui Hong’s Lin Jian Lu, Da Hui Pu Jue Chan Shi Zong Men Wu Ku edited by DaoQian, Xiao Ying’s Luo Hu Ye Lu and Yun Wo Ji Tan, Dao Rong’s Cong Lin Sheng Shi, and Huan Wu’s Ku YaMan Lu. Through Zennotes, it is possible to learn more about the life of Zen Buddhist masters in the SongDynasty and the actual development of Zen Buddhism, which were seldom investigated in past studies. Firstly,this study explains the cultural environment generated by Zennotes and the creative development of Zennotes inthe Song Dynasty, and then discusses the main content of Zennotes. Zennotes highlight the characters through thedescription of specific events and make the images and characters of Zen Buddhist monks become vivid on paper.They are the most direct historical material for mastering Zen Buddhist monks in the Song Dynasty. Secondly,Zennotes in the Song Dynasty record anecdotes about Zen Buddhist monks and the literati talking about Zen atthat time, demonstrating the lively and witty interactions between the two. Lastly, the authors of Zennotes oftenrevealed their personal concerns about the growth and decline of temples in the narrative. Based on the above,Zennotes have the value of historical recordings of trivia, and they are first-hand historical materials forconstructing the history of Zen in the Song Dynasty.

MOX燃料贮存水池核临界安全分析

利用MONK程序对MOX热室项目燃料贮存水池进行了核临界安全分析。针对给定的水池尺寸和燃料棒数量,确定燃料以分区方式贮存。选取国际公布的临界基准实验数据,验证并确定MONK程序计算分析类似物料形态时的偏倚和次临界限值,其次进行保守假设,确定贮存水池在正常及事故工况下其中子有效增殖因数,评价贮存水池的安全性。计算结果表明,贮存水池在最危险事故工况下,其最大中子增殖因数小于次临界限值,系统处于临界安全状态。

Monk训练体系对篮球运动员运动技能的影响

我国篮球训练主体就是进行大量的项目练习,大量的练习项目对提升篮球运动员个人技能以及球队整体的进攻和防守作用有限,限制我国篮球事业的发展.文章以Monk训练体系为基础,探究其对篮球运动员运动技能的影响,以期能够对我国篮球运动员训练体系的完善提供借鉴意义.结果显示:Monk训练体系能够帮助篮球运动员确定最佳投篮机会,提升传球能力,掌握空切的路线以及方式,把握时机,增强突破能力,使用急停跳投完成投篮的能力,抢进攻篮板球能力,提升球队的控球能力,提升做掩护和利用掩护摆脱防守能力,提升球员在投篮前的跑位、急停和接球等一系列的连贯技术能力.

核燃料裂变产物对临界影响研究

本文针对钐、钕、钆和银等4种裂变产物在中试厂核临界安全实验装置上开展了临界实验研究。堆芯的易裂变材料为固液两相存在,固体燃料为二氧化铀,液体燃料为硝酸铀酰。固体燃料棒采用六角形方式排布,浸泡在硝酸铀酰溶液中。将临界实验测量结果与蒙特卡罗程序MONK的理论计算结果进行比较。结果表明:理论计算结果与临界实验测量结果符合较好;裂变产物样品引入的负反应性价值非常可观,能谱变化显示裂变产物样品对中子的吸收在热能点以下能区起决定性作用。

Reality of the Remote Wilderness―Krakauer’s Into the Wild and the Inner Desert

In Jon Krakauer’s nonfiction writing,Into the Wild(1996),away from the early 1990s’American society filled with products and information,young McCandless headed for the Alaskan Wilderness which was believed as the last frontier.This remote wilderness far beyond several designated wilderness areas in the American West was a destination of his spiritual journey.The image of the wilderness overlaps with the desert in the fourth-century hagiographic literature in terms of solitude,pure and sacred.Although the image of the wilderness is an illusion,harsh experience quite different from daily routine give McCandless a sense of reality.If his purpose of going to wildernesses was searching for“authentic self”through“bodily feelings”(Wang,361),the remote wilderness would be reckoned to have“existential authenticity”(Wang,358)which makes him feel reality.However,when the wilderness experience inspired McCandless to go back home,a sense of reality shifted from the remote wilderness to society.Into the Wild is probably not literature to praise desert solitude,rather,Krakauer focuses on the relative self among people.

从monk谈起

英语中的 monk 是人们所熟悉的一个词,它指西方的修道士或东方的和尚(Buddhist monk)。monk 一词来自古希腊的 monos,原意为“独身者”,因为那些依照宗教法规而修行的人是独身的。英语前缀 mon-或 mono-都是来自 monos(意为”单”、“一”)。

从全面西化到回归本土文化 从高大上到多元化可持续发展——访HOK建筑师事务所酒店业室内设计高级副总裁兼总监 Julia Monk

Julia Monk美国鲍尔州立大学建筑学以及环境科学学士,纽约州及伊利诺伊州注册建筑师、室内设计师。原BBG-BBGM创始人及董事长,现任HOK高级副总裁、酒店室内设计总监。曾于2009年在美国国家建筑师协会峰会上演讲,创立美国建筑师学会纽约的酒店设计委员会,并担任联合主席。同时,授课于哈佛继续教育学院酒店设计项目。2010年,Julia将原BBG-BBGM办公室迁至上海,旨在把重心放在拥有诸多业绩的亚洲市场,

Yungang Grottoes and Buddhist Restoration

IT was in the year 453 that the monk Tan Yao hurried to Pingcheng （present-day Datong in Shanxi Province） through the barren Loess Plateau of northern Shanxi. He had been summoned by the newly enthroned Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty （386-534）. Seven years previously he had run for his life along the same route,

MONK项目及其对我国人文领域文本挖掘的借鉴

针对美国和加拿大等高校共同承担的大型跨学科人文文本挖掘项目MONK,详细介绍其文本挖掘流程及相应的工具、技术和算法,并具体探讨利用MONK提供的工具进行文学文本挖掘研究的应用实例。最后总结人文领域文本挖掘方法的几类应用,提出该项目对我国人文领域应用文本挖掘的启示。