Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants ...Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants grown in two experimental fields for two consecutive years (2011-2012). For all the varieties, hempseed meal resulted in a rich source of protein (34% mean content) with an amino acid profile extremely rich in arginine and slightly poor in lysine. Differences between dioecious and monoecious varieties were observed in the content of antinutritional compounds. They were more concentrated in monoecious varieties in comparison with those dioecious. The concentration of phytic acid in hempseed meal deserves attention in both groups, being 63 and 75.4 g·kg-1 of dry matter in dioecious and monocieous varieties, respectively. The results show that, besides the recognized value of hemp oil, also the hempseed cake could find application in animal feed as a substitute of other cakes (soybean, rapeseed). From this point of view, the dioecious varieties showing lower contents of antinutritional compounds with respect to the monoecious varieties would be preferred.展开更多
Morphological characterization and phenological modeling were carried out on genotypes of <i>Jatropha platyphylla</i> collected from the states of Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico. The morphological characteriz...Morphological characterization and phenological modeling were carried out on genotypes of <i>Jatropha platyphylla</i> collected from the states of Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico. The morphological characterization evidenced the existence of monoecious plants, finding individuals with male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Fruit with four seeds was also found. The phenological study was divided into two phases and calculated in thermal requirement (<span style="font-family:;" "="">°D): Vegetative [seedtime (0), germination (24), emergence (98), cotyledons (87), second (302) and fourth (524) true leaves, end of vegetative growth (302)] and reproductive [flowering (303), fructification (342), maturation (126), defoliation and senescence (450)]. The thermal constant (2558) was similar in all eight genotypes. The phenological stages and the accumulated degree days were adjusted with a third-degree polynomial (Stage = -0.0041<i>x</i><sup>3</sup> + 0.7446<i>x</i><sup>2</sup> - 8.6808<i>x</i> + 6.2448) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99%) stage. The development of phenological models facilitates the prediction of the flowering date for the selection of varieties with high oil and protein content.</span>展开更多
Background:The expression of gender in gymnosperms is challenging because the extent of variability in gender segregations in tree crowns and selection pressure of nature can modify the gender through time.Methods:An ...Background:The expression of gender in gymnosperms is challenging because the extent of variability in gender segregations in tree crowns and selection pressure of nature can modify the gender through time.Methods:An in-depth investigation on spatial segregation of genders in tree crowns and sex expression of a total of 500 trees in five different natural populations of Cedrus deodara was carried out and verified the occurrence of subdioecious(co-existence of male,female,and monoecious)genders in C.deodara.Results:Five different sexual morphs were apparent among the 500 selected individuals as(1)pure male(M):bearing only male strobili in the whole crown with 22.2%;(2)pure female(F):bearing only female strobili in the whole crown with 12.4%;(3)mixed-monoecious(MM):bearing both male and female strobili with 13.6%;(4)predominantly female(PF)with 25.6%;and(5)predominantly male(PM)with 26.2%.The occurrence of multiple sexual morphs resulted from the complex selection pressure,which increased the stability of the populations.The segregation of genders in crown layers deemed to increase the fitness that may be a mechanism for accelerating outcrossing.The results of the study suggest that the subdioecious gender expression in C.deodara is evolved through the monoecy–paradioecy pathway.The production of male strobili revealed non-significant effect of tree sizes whereas a significant effect was observed for the production of female strobili.Our study established that the total pollen and seed outputs in C.deodara changed frequently according to gender expression.Conclusions:The size of the tree,resource availability,sex allocation,plant architecture,gender segregation in crowns,and habitat conditions are the prominent causes for gender plasticity.展开更多
文摘Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants grown in two experimental fields for two consecutive years (2011-2012). For all the varieties, hempseed meal resulted in a rich source of protein (34% mean content) with an amino acid profile extremely rich in arginine and slightly poor in lysine. Differences between dioecious and monoecious varieties were observed in the content of antinutritional compounds. They were more concentrated in monoecious varieties in comparison with those dioecious. The concentration of phytic acid in hempseed meal deserves attention in both groups, being 63 and 75.4 g·kg-1 of dry matter in dioecious and monocieous varieties, respectively. The results show that, besides the recognized value of hemp oil, also the hempseed cake could find application in animal feed as a substitute of other cakes (soybean, rapeseed). From this point of view, the dioecious varieties showing lower contents of antinutritional compounds with respect to the monoecious varieties would be preferred.
文摘Morphological characterization and phenological modeling were carried out on genotypes of <i>Jatropha platyphylla</i> collected from the states of Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico. The morphological characterization evidenced the existence of monoecious plants, finding individuals with male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Fruit with four seeds was also found. The phenological study was divided into two phases and calculated in thermal requirement (<span style="font-family:;" "="">°D): Vegetative [seedtime (0), germination (24), emergence (98), cotyledons (87), second (302) and fourth (524) true leaves, end of vegetative growth (302)] and reproductive [flowering (303), fructification (342), maturation (126), defoliation and senescence (450)]. The thermal constant (2558) was similar in all eight genotypes. The phenological stages and the accumulated degree days were adjusted with a third-degree polynomial (Stage = -0.0041<i>x</i><sup>3</sup> + 0.7446<i>x</i><sup>2</sup> - 8.6808<i>x</i> + 6.2448) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99%) stage. The development of phenological models facilitates the prediction of the flowering date for the selection of varieties with high oil and protein content.</span>
文摘Background:The expression of gender in gymnosperms is challenging because the extent of variability in gender segregations in tree crowns and selection pressure of nature can modify the gender through time.Methods:An in-depth investigation on spatial segregation of genders in tree crowns and sex expression of a total of 500 trees in five different natural populations of Cedrus deodara was carried out and verified the occurrence of subdioecious(co-existence of male,female,and monoecious)genders in C.deodara.Results:Five different sexual morphs were apparent among the 500 selected individuals as(1)pure male(M):bearing only male strobili in the whole crown with 22.2%;(2)pure female(F):bearing only female strobili in the whole crown with 12.4%;(3)mixed-monoecious(MM):bearing both male and female strobili with 13.6%;(4)predominantly female(PF)with 25.6%;and(5)predominantly male(PM)with 26.2%.The occurrence of multiple sexual morphs resulted from the complex selection pressure,which increased the stability of the populations.The segregation of genders in crown layers deemed to increase the fitness that may be a mechanism for accelerating outcrossing.The results of the study suggest that the subdioecious gender expression in C.deodara is evolved through the monoecy–paradioecy pathway.The production of male strobili revealed non-significant effect of tree sizes whereas a significant effect was observed for the production of female strobili.Our study established that the total pollen and seed outputs in C.deodara changed frequently according to gender expression.Conclusions:The size of the tree,resource availability,sex allocation,plant architecture,gender segregation in crowns,and habitat conditions are the prominent causes for gender plasticity.
