While public-private partnerships(PPPs)have surged worldwide since the 1990s,they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years.A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway constru...While public-private partnerships(PPPs)have surged worldwide since the 1990s,they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years.A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway construction and observations on the use of PPPs published by both the German and the European Courts of Auditors illustrate this new caution.These two examples fit into a general trend towards a revival of the public sector,which can be summarized under the cross-level umbrella term"publicization."It would,however,be remiss to replace the uncritical euphoria that once surrounded privatization with a similarly undifferentiated euphoria regarding publicization.Rather,it is crucial to identify the most appropriate solution for the fulfilment of each public task from the"toolbox"of publicization on the one hand and privatization on the other hand in order to ensure the most effective completion of public functions.展开更多
This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the co...This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the context of the neighboring countries that today are also members of the European Union, this writing outlines the growth-public finance course that this country, formerly belonging to the Soviet type planned economy mechanism, followed during the past nearly three decades after breaking away from that system. It provides insight into the specific public finance positions determined by the macroeconomic course since 1990 and the opportunities offered by this course for infrastructural developments. In connection with the above, the article outlines the main characteristic features of the social expectations, the financing solutions that could be linked to the various governmental concepts regarding road matters, focusing primarily on motorway development. It shall touch upon the respective starting points and life cycles of those concepts and the role of the EU supports in the developing of the domestic public road system. In light of expenditures, it is illustrating the development by some servicing indicators.展开更多
This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural a...This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural and cultural diversity of the Greek landscape as well as its conservation needs are discussed. The landscape impact assessment methodology consists of the identification of environmental goals, of sensitive landscape parameters, of environmental indicators and of acceptable impact thresholds. The selection of alternative solutions as well as of mitigation measures has been studied, on the basis of relevant environmental indicators. The developed methodology may constitute a tool for the environmental management of other road programs of great scale.展开更多
Driving the wrong way on motorways has been a nagging traffic safety problem all over the world. In order to reduce wrong-way driving incidents and crashes, roadside wrong-way warning systems applying advanced ITS （i...Driving the wrong way on motorways has been a nagging traffic safety problem all over the world. In order to reduce wrong-way driving incidents and crashes, roadside wrong-way warning systems applying advanced ITS （intelligent transportation systems） technologies have been adopted and deployed for the first time at 24 rest areas on motorways in Japan since 2008. The systems are used to detect wrong-way vehicles and warn the drivers of their wrong-way driving at the off-ramps to the rest areas. This paper describes an evaluation of the roadside wrong-way warning systems with four different types of sensors from the viewpoint of detection accuracy and effectiveness in preventing wrong-way driving. The sensing technology includes microwave Doppler radar, ultrasonic sensor, photoelectric sensor and video image processing technology.展开更多
The current economic conditions have entailed the use of rational method and techniques and research and application of new techniques by utilizing advancements in technology in the field of production as well as in e...The current economic conditions have entailed the use of rational method and techniques and research and application of new techniques by utilizing advancements in technology in the field of production as well as in every field. Excess cost control requires to be maintained throughout the project life of building beginning from the initial stages of design. Scrutinizing the project well and considering all possible alternatives particularly in design stage are important for achieving optimum cost. In this study, how the principles of VE （value engineering） are applied in construction projects is explained, and by covering Bregana-Zagreb-Dubrovnik Motorway construction in Croatia by BECHTEL -ENKA joint venture as the sample project, practices of VE in this project are described. The satisfactory results of time and cost saving are achieved by applying value engineering principles through the VE team during the project preparation phase and project revision phase. Approximately 43,000,0005 and 12 months of time were saved in total thanks to all these VE works. This saving provided builder company with 6% financial saving and 17% work time reduction.展开更多
Safety performance functions（SPFs） are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors： the val...Safety performance functions（SPFs） are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors： the validity of the statistical inferences for the available data and on how well the data can be organized into distinct homogeneous entities. The latter aspect plays a key role in the identification and treatment of road sections or corridors with problems related to safety. Indeed, the segmentation of a road network could be especially critical in the development of SPFs that could be used in safety management for roadway types, such as motorways（freeways in North America）, which have a large number of variables that could result in very short segments if these are desired to be homogeneous. This consequence, from an analytical point of view, can be a problem when the location of crashes is not precise and when there is an overabundance of segments with zero crashes. Lengthening the segments for developing and applying SPFs can mitigate this problem, but at a sacrifice of homogeneity. This paper seeks to address this dilemma by investigating four approaches for segmentation for motorways, using sample data from Italy. The best results were obtained for the segmentation based on two curves and two tangents within a segment and with fixed length segments. The segmentation characterized by a constant value of all original variables inside each segment was the poorest approach by all measures.展开更多
文摘While public-private partnerships(PPPs)have surged worldwide since the 1990s,they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years.A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway construction and observations on the use of PPPs published by both the German and the European Courts of Auditors illustrate this new caution.These two examples fit into a general trend towards a revival of the public sector,which can be summarized under the cross-level umbrella term"publicization."It would,however,be remiss to replace the uncritical euphoria that once surrounded privatization with a similarly undifferentiated euphoria regarding publicization.Rather,it is crucial to identify the most appropriate solution for the fulfilment of each public task from the"toolbox"of publicization on the one hand and privatization on the other hand in order to ensure the most effective completion of public functions.
文摘This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the context of the neighboring countries that today are also members of the European Union, this writing outlines the growth-public finance course that this country, formerly belonging to the Soviet type planned economy mechanism, followed during the past nearly three decades after breaking away from that system. It provides insight into the specific public finance positions determined by the macroeconomic course since 1990 and the opportunities offered by this course for infrastructural developments. In connection with the above, the article outlines the main characteristic features of the social expectations, the financing solutions that could be linked to the various governmental concepts regarding road matters, focusing primarily on motorway development. It shall touch upon the respective starting points and life cycles of those concepts and the role of the EU supports in the developing of the domestic public road system. In light of expenditures, it is illustrating the development by some servicing indicators.
文摘This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural and cultural diversity of the Greek landscape as well as its conservation needs are discussed. The landscape impact assessment methodology consists of the identification of environmental goals, of sensitive landscape parameters, of environmental indicators and of acceptable impact thresholds. The selection of alternative solutions as well as of mitigation measures has been studied, on the basis of relevant environmental indicators. The developed methodology may constitute a tool for the environmental management of other road programs of great scale.
文摘Driving the wrong way on motorways has been a nagging traffic safety problem all over the world. In order to reduce wrong-way driving incidents and crashes, roadside wrong-way warning systems applying advanced ITS （intelligent transportation systems） technologies have been adopted and deployed for the first time at 24 rest areas on motorways in Japan since 2008. The systems are used to detect wrong-way vehicles and warn the drivers of their wrong-way driving at the off-ramps to the rest areas. This paper describes an evaluation of the roadside wrong-way warning systems with four different types of sensors from the viewpoint of detection accuracy and effectiveness in preventing wrong-way driving. The sensing technology includes microwave Doppler radar, ultrasonic sensor, photoelectric sensor and video image processing technology.
文摘The current economic conditions have entailed the use of rational method and techniques and research and application of new techniques by utilizing advancements in technology in the field of production as well as in every field. Excess cost control requires to be maintained throughout the project life of building beginning from the initial stages of design. Scrutinizing the project well and considering all possible alternatives particularly in design stage are important for achieving optimum cost. In this study, how the principles of VE （value engineering） are applied in construction projects is explained, and by covering Bregana-Zagreb-Dubrovnik Motorway construction in Croatia by BECHTEL -ENKA joint venture as the sample project, practices of VE in this project are described. The satisfactory results of time and cost saving are achieved by applying value engineering principles through the VE team during the project preparation phase and project revision phase. Approximately 43,000,0005 and 12 months of time were saved in total thanks to all these VE works. This saving provided builder company with 6% financial saving and 17% work time reduction.
基金made possible by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
文摘Safety performance functions（SPFs） are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors： the validity of the statistical inferences for the available data and on how well the data can be organized into distinct homogeneous entities. The latter aspect plays a key role in the identification and treatment of road sections or corridors with problems related to safety. Indeed, the segmentation of a road network could be especially critical in the development of SPFs that could be used in safety management for roadway types, such as motorways（freeways in North America）, which have a large number of variables that could result in very short segments if these are desired to be homogeneous. This consequence, from an analytical point of view, can be a problem when the location of crashes is not precise and when there is an overabundance of segments with zero crashes. Lengthening the segments for developing and applying SPFs can mitigate this problem, but at a sacrifice of homogeneity. This paper seeks to address this dilemma by investigating four approaches for segmentation for motorways, using sample data from Italy. The best results were obtained for the segmentation based on two curves and two tangents within a segment and with fixed length segments. The segmentation characterized by a constant value of all original variables inside each segment was the poorest approach by all measures.
